Surface charge characteristics of variable charge soils in Thailand

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wisawapipat ◽  
I. Kheoruenromne ◽  
A. Suddhiprakarn ◽  
R. J. Gilkes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Phosphate Sorption ◽  
Variable Charge ◽  
A Charge

Surface charge characteristics were investigated using a charge fingerprinting procedure for 90 samples from 32 profiles of highly weathered Oxisols and Ultisols derived from shale/limestone, basalt, granite, local alluvium, sedimentary, and metasedimentary rocks under tropical savanna and tropical monsoonal climates in Thailand. The charge fingerprints of 5 whole soils, after removal of organic matter and of kaolin and ion oxides from these soils, were also measured to clarify factors contributing to the variable charge behaviour. Phosphate sorption was determined and related to charge properties. Kaolin was the dominant mineral of the clay fraction with moderate amounts of goethite and hematite. Gibbsite was present in Oxisols formed on limestone and basalt under more humid conditions. All soils exhibited variable charge behaviour but the magnitude and rate of change in variable charge with pH varied greatly between Oxisols and Ultisols. Oxisols had higher amounts of variable charge than Ultisols, reflecting the differences in amounts of clay and extractable Fe and Al. Oxisols formed on basalt and limestone under more humid conditions had high values of anion exchange capacity (AEC) due to the contributions of goethite, gibbsite, and boehmite. The relationships of base cation exchange capacity (CECB) and AEC with pH were linear. Rates of change with pH of both negative and positive variable charge (Ac, Aa) were closely related to CEC, specific surface area (SSA), pH(NaF), and various forms of extractable Fe, Al, and Mn. The charge fingerprints of soil after removal of organic matter indicated that organic matter exerted a strong influence on both the magnitude of negative charge and rate of change with pH. Kaolin had permanent and variable charge, with SSA and crystal size (MCD001) being highly predictive of the rate of change in variable negative charge with pH. Iron oxide concentrates exhibited strongly pH-dependent charge and the mean coherently diffracting length (MCD110) of hematite was highly predictive of both the magnitude and rate of change in variable positive charge with pH. Charge coefficients (Ac, Ba) had highly significant (P = 0.005) positive relationships with Langmuir and Freundlich phosphate sorption maximum coefficients (Xm, k), indicating that the surfaces of amorphous, poorly ordered, and crystalline Fe and Al oxides are prime sites for both P sorption and variable charge.

Cation exchange capacity of loess and overlying soil in the non-carbonate loess sections, North-Western Croatia

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Tomašić ◽  
Štefica Kampić ◽  
Iva Cindrić ◽  
Kristina Pikelj ◽  
Mavro Lučić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Oxalate Extraction ◽  
North Western

AbstractThe adsorption properties in terms of cation exchange capacity and their relation to the soil and sediment constituents (clay minerals, Fe-, Mn-, and Al-oxyhydroxides, organic matter) were investigated in loess, soil-loess transition zone, and soil at four loess-soil sections in North-Western Croatia. Cation exchange capacity of the bulk samples, the samples after oxalate extraction of Fe, Mn and Al, and after removal of organic matter, as well as of the separated clay fraction, was determined using copper ethylenediamine. Cation exchange capacity (pH∼7) of the bulk samples ranges from 5 to 12 cmolc/kg in soil, from 7 to 15 cmolc/kg in the soil-loess transition zone, and from 12 to 20 cmolc/kg in loess. Generally, CEC values increase with depth. Oxalate extraction of Fe, Mn, and Al, and removal of organic matter cause a CEC decrease of 3–38% and 8–55%, respectively, proving a considerable influence of these constituents to the bulk CEC values. In the separated clay fraction (<2 μm) CEC values are up to several times higher relative to those in the bulk samples. The measured CEC values of the bulk samples generally correspond to the clay mineral content identified. Also, a slight increase in muscovite/illite content with depth and the vermiculite occurrence in the loess horizon are concomitant with the CEC increase in deeper horizons, irrespective of the sample pretreatment.

Chemical fertility of krasnozems - a review

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015
Author(s):  
PW Moody
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Total N ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Ph Buffer

Krasnozems (Ferrosols) characteristically have high contents of citrate-dithionite extractable Fe and moderate to high contents of clay throughout the profile. They typically have low cation exchange capacity (2-20 cmolc kg-1), high P sorbing ability, and a significant anion exchange capacity at depth. The chemistry of krasnozems is dominated by the variable charge characteristics of the organic matter and the oxy-hydroxides of Fe and Al which occur in the predominantly kaolinitic clay fraction. The effects of surface charge characteristics, organic matter, and extractable iron and aluminium on the cation and anion exchange capacities, P sorbing abilities and pH buffer capacities of Australian krasnozems are reviewed. A selection of reports of nutrient deficiencies and toxicities in these soils is presented and briefly discussed. Published data on the chemical composition of the soil solutions of krasnozems are reviewed. Data from a suite of paired (undeveloped and developed) krasnozem profiles from eastern Australia indicate that exchangeable Ca and Mg, effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), pH buffer capacity (pHBC) and total N decrease significantly (P < 0.05) in the A horizon following development, while exchangeable K, ECEC and pHBC decrease (P < 0-05) in the B horizon. The decreases in the A horizon are shown to be a direct consequence of the decline in organic matter which occurs following development. Because of the crucial role that organic matter plays in the chemical fertility of krasnozems, they are less likely to maintain their fertility under exploitative conditions than other productive clay soils such as Vertosols. It is concluded that the sustainable use of krasnozems will depend on maintenance or enhancement of organic matter levels, maintenance of surface and subsoil pH by regular application of amendments, minimization of erosion, and replacement of nutrients removed in harvested products.

Effects of high pH solutions with large monovalent cation concentrations on cation exchange properties

Soil Research ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Liefering ◽  
CDA Mclay
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Monovalent Cation ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Exchange Properties

Disposal of strongly alkaline industrial liquid wastes, which contain large monovalent cation concentrations, by means of land treatment systems is becoming increasingly common. This study investigated the effects of solutions with large monovalent cation concentrations and high pH on cation exchange properties in four New Zealand soils with different clay mineralogies. The soils were shaken with a range of concentrations (0–0.3 M) of NaOH, KOH, NaCl, and KCl. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+) were measured following shaking and washing procedures. Although the hydroxide solutions dissolved significant amounts of organic matter from all soils, there was still a net increase in CEC measured at all hydroxide concentrations. The magnitude of the CEC increase was dependent on hydroxide concentration. The increase in CEC is attributed to newly generated negative charge on surfaces which possess variable charge (i.e. pH dependent) characteristics such as edge sites of clay minerals, sesquioxides, and the undissolved organic matter remaining in the soil. In contrast to hydroxide solutions, no increase in CEC was measured in chloride-treated samples. Increases in the concentration of all treatment solutions resulted in increases in the exchangeable ion concentration of the index cation used in the treatment solution (either Na+ or K+) and decreases in concentration of the other three exchangeable cations. In general, higher exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) values were measured in samples treated with NaOH than samples treated with NaCl at all concentrations. Similarly, higher exchangeable potassium percentage (EPP) was measured in samples treated with KOH than samples treated with KCl at all concentrations. The higher ESP and EPP values recorded when hydroxide solutions were used as treatments are attributed to the newly generated negative charges being counter-balanced by the monovalent index cation present in the treatment solution. It is suggested that existing equations commonly used to predict ESP and EPP values are unsuccessful for accurately predicting changes when soils are treated with hydroxide solutions, due to their inability to account for the newly generated exchange sites. The equations did, however, adequately predict the effects of both chloride solutions on ESP and EPP.

Effect of ageing on surface charge characteristics and adsorption behaviour of cadmium and arsenate in two contrasting soils amended with biochar

Soil Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chamali Laksala Nagodavithane ◽  
Balwant Singh ◽  
Yunying Fang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Charge ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Behaviour ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Anionic Species

Biochar has been recognised as an effective amendment for the remediation of contaminated soils; however, there is limited knowledge on the effects of biochar ageing in soil on its adsorption behaviour for cationic and anionic species. Biochars are considered to develop negative charge from oxidation with ageing, which may create additional interaction mechanisms for adsorption processes. In the present study, surface charge characteristics and cadmium (Cd) and arsenate (AsO43–) adsorption behaviour of aged biochar were investigated in two soils with variable charge, an Oxisol and an Inceptisol, by comparing (i) unamended soils, and soils amended with (ii) fresh biochar (450°C) and (iii) biochar (450°C) aged for 12 months, applied at a rate of 2% w/w. Surface charge characteristics were assessed using the ‘index’ ion adsorption method, with a LiCl electrolyte. Batch adsorption studies were conducted using fresh and aged soil–biochar mixtures. In contrast to previous studies, the results provided no evidence of an increase in cation exchange capacity as a consequence of biochar ageing. There was an increase in Cd adsorption in the presence of aged biochar in both soil types compared with unamended soils and soils amended with fresh biochar. Results also indicated an increase in AsO43– adsorption in the Inceptisol amended with aged biochar, whereas a decrease in AsO43– adsorption was observed in the Oxisol amended with aged biochar. Overall, the study has highlighted that adsorption behaviour of aged biochar varies depending on the ion it interacts with, soil properties and solution pH.

Using variable charge characteristics to understand the exchangeable cation status of oxic soils

Soil Research ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
GP Gillman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Charge ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Exchangeable Cation ◽  
Charge Measurement ◽  
Variable Charge ◽  
Variable Surface

The model of Uehara and Gillman was used to estimate the amounts of permanent surface charge, and variable surface charge at soil pH, in two soils from the high rainfall region of coastal Queensland. For each soil series, samples from virgin rain-forest were compared with soil collected from nearby sugarcane fields. One soil contained relatively large amounts of permanent negative charge (up to 3 m.e. per 100g), and hence was moderately supplied with exchangeable cations, while the other soil was dominated by variable charge components and at soil pH contained sufficient positive charge to reduce exchangeable cations to near zero values, despite the presence of about 1 m.e. per 100 g of permanent negative charge. In the latter the position of soil pH with respect to the point of zero charge is of utmost importance for the development of cation exchange capacity. The effect of adsorbed sulfate on positive charge measurement, and valency of the ion used for negative charge measurement, are briefly discussed.

Corrigenda - Chemical fertility of krasnozems - a review

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015
Author(s):  
PW Moody
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Total N ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Ph Buffer

Krasnozems (Ferrosols) characteristically have high contents of citrate-dithionite extractable Fe and moderate to high contents of clay throughout the profile. They typically have low cation exchange capacity (2-20 cmolc kg-1), high P sorbing ability, and a significant anion exchange capacity at depth. The chemistry of krasnozems is dominated by the variable charge characteristics of the organic matter and the oxy-hydroxides of Fe and Al which occur in the predominantly kaolinitic clay fraction. The effects of surface charge characteristics, organic matter, and extractable iron and aluminium on the cation and anion exchange capacities, P sorbing abilities and pH buffer capacities of Australian krasnozems are reviewed. A selection of reports of nutrient deficiencies and toxicities in these soils is presented and briefly discussed. Published data on the chemical composition of the soil solutions of krasnozems are reviewed. Data from a suite of paired (undeveloped and developed) krasnozem profiles from eastern Australia indicate that exchangeable Ca and Mg, effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), pH buffer capacity (pHBC) and total N decrease significantly (P < 0.05) in the A horizon following development, while exchangeable K, ECEC and pHBC decrease (P < 0-05) in the B horizon. The decreases in the A horizon are shown to be a direct consequence of the decline in organic matter which occurs following development. Because of the crucial role that organic matter plays in the chemical fertility of krasnozems, they are less likely to maintain their fertility under exploitative conditions than other productive clay soils such as Vertosols. It is concluded that the sustainable use of krasnozems will depend on maintenance or enhancement of organic matter levels, maintenance of surface and subsoil pH by regular application of amendments, minimization of erosion, and replacement of nutrients removed in harvested products.

CARACTERISTIQUES MINERALOGIQUES ET CHIMIQUES DE QUELQUES SOLS SABLEUX DU QUEBEC EN REGARD DE LEUR EVOLUTION PEDOLOGIQUE

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. LAVERDIERE ◽  
C. R. DE KIMPE ◽  
A. D’AVIGNON
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Podzolic Soils

A, B and C horizons of 13 sandy soil series were sampled in the lowlands of southern Quebec. From the amounts of pyrophosphate-extractable Fe and Al and clay contents, nine of these profiles were classified as Podzolic soils while the others were Brunisols. Formation of montmorillonite and dissolution of chlorite in Ae horizons indicate intense weathering of the minerals at this level. In the B horizons, vermiculite that was present in the parent material or resulted from the alteration of illite was often chloritized. Values of pH measured in 1 M NaF were generally higher than 10.2 for the B horizons. The amounts of phosphorus retained by the samples varied in the following ranges: 23–397 μg P/g of soil for A horizons, 301–1578 μg P/g of soil for B horizons and 71–296 μg P/g of soil for C horizons. Cation exchange capacity of the soils was lower than 10 meq/100 g of soil, except in those horizons that contained high amounts of organic matter and where values up to 27.6 meq/100 g were measured. Using regression equations, values were obtained for the CEC of the organic matter and the clay fraction of these sandy soils.

The effects of anion sorption on sorption and leaching of cadmium

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Bolan ◽  
M. A. R. Khan ◽  
R. W. Tillman ◽  
R. Naidu ◽  
J. K. Syers
Keyword(s):  
Negative Charge ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Phosphate Sorption ◽  
Variable Charge ◽  
Sorption Column ◽  
Chloride Sulfate ◽  
Phosphate Anions ◽  
The Difference

The effect of chloride, sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate anions on the sorption and leaching of cadmium was examined in 2 soils (Manawatu silt loam and Egmont clay loam) which differ in their variable charge components. There was a larger sorption of cadmium in the presence of phosphate than in the presence of sulfate, nitrate, and chloride, and the difference was more pronounced in the Egmont soil. In soils, specific sorption of phosphate increases the negative charge. The increase in negative charge per unit amount of phosphate sorbed decreased with increasing phosphate sorption. The sorption of cadmium increased in response to phosphate sorption. The phosphate-induced cadmium sorption resulted from the increase in negative charge due to phosphate sorption. Column studies indicated that cadmium was less susceptible to leaching in the presence of phosphate than in the presence of nitrate.

scholarly journals Charge Characteristics and Cation Exchanges Properties of Hilly Dryland Soils Aceh Besar, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
Sufardi Sufardi ◽  
Teti Arabia ◽  
Khairullah Khairullah ◽  
Karnilawati Karnilawati ◽  
Sahbudin Sahbudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Variable Charge ◽  
Negative Surface

Soil surface charge and cation exchange are important parameters of soil fertility in tropical soils. This study was conducted to investigate characteristics of surface charges and cation exchanges on four soil orders of the dryland in  Aceh Besar district. The soil order includes Entisols Jantho (05o16’58.41” N; 95o37’51.82” E), Andisols Saree (05o27'15.6" N; 95o44'09,1" E), Inceptisols Cucum (05º18’18,37” N; 95º32’48,04” E), dan Oxisols Lembah Seulawah (05o27’19,4” N; 95o46’19,2” E). The charge characteristics of surface charge are evaluated from the parameter of DpH (pHH2O-pHKCl), variable charge (Vc), permanent charge (Pc), and point of zero charges (PZC). In contrast, cation exchange properties are evaluated from several soil chemical properties, such as soil organic matter (SOM), base saturation (BS), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and effective CEC (ECEC). The results show that the four pedons of soil in the hilly dryland of Aceh Besar include a variable charge because it has a PZC, which is characterized by a negative surface charge with a PZC of pHH2O and has CEC dependent soil pH. PZC value varies from 3.21 – 5.26 and sequentially PZC Andisols Oxisols Entisols Inceptisols. The total CEC value differs considerably from ECEC and the sum of cations. CEC total of the soils varies from 12.8 – 34.4 cmol kg-1, whereas the ECEC values vary from 2.72 – 8.66 cmol kg-1. The highest variable charge percentage is found in Andisols Saree. In contrast, the highest permanent charge is found in Inceptisols Cucum and is positively correlated with pHH20, PZC, CEC, and sums of cations or ECEC. Improving soil quality in hilly dryland soils in Aceh Besar District can be done by decreasing the PZC status of soils with organic amendments and fertilizers or increasing the pH by using liming.

Changes in the surface charge of bacteria caused by heavy metals do not affect survival

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 621-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. E. Collins ◽  
G. Stotzky
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Charge Reversal ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Net Positive Charge ◽  
Cu And Zn

Bacillus subtilis and Agrobacterium radiobacter remained viable when exposed to Ni (1 × 10−4 M; ionic strength (μ) = 3 × 10−4) at pH values known to cause a change of the net negative charge of the cells to a net positive charge (charge reversal). The gross morphology, as determined by scanning electron microscopy, of these and other bacteria and of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was not altered in the presence of Ni, Cu, and Zn (1 × 10−4 M; μ = 3 × 10−4), which caused a charge reversal at pH values between 6.0 and 9.0. Similar results were obtained in the presence of Na and Mg, which did not cause charge reversal at the same μ and pH values. These results confirmed that cells remain viable when their surface charge is changed in the presence of some heavy metals at high pH values.Key words: heavy metals, electrokinetic properties, survival of bacteria.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document