Crop performance as affected by three opening configurations for no-till seeder in annual double cropping regions of northern China

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zonglu Yao ◽  
Hongwen Li ◽  
Huanwen Gao ◽  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Jin He
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
No Till ◽  
Crop Performance ◽  
Cone Index

The furrow opening configuration used by no-till seeders can have a major effect on crop emergence in conservation tillage systems. This is particularly important in annual double-cropping regions (winter wheat and summer maize) of northern China where large volumes of residue remain on the soil surface after maize harvesting. This problem has been investigated using 3 different opening configurations for no-till wheat seeding near Beijing in 2004–05 and 2005–06, and assessing performance in terms of soil disturbance, residue cover index, soil cone index, fuel consumption, winter wheat emergence, plant growth, and subsequent yield. In this cropping system, the single-disc opening configuration significantly decreased mean soil disturbance and increased residue cover index compared with the combined strip-chop and strip-till opening configurations, but winter wheat emergence was 6–9% less, probably due to greater levels of residue cover and greater seed zone soil cone index. Winter wheat growth after seeding in combined strip-chop and strip-till seeded plots was faster than that in single-disc seeded plots and mean yield was greater. The most suitable furrow opening configuration in heavy residue cover conditions appeared to be the strip-chop one, which can provide similar crop performance with marginally better fuel economy than the strip-till opening configuration. These results should be seen as preliminary, but they are still valuable for the design and selection of no-till wheat seeders for double cropping in this region of China.

Availability of late-season heat and water resources for relay and double cropping with winter wheat in prairie Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne R. Thiessen Martens ◽  
Martin H. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
No Till

Long-term weather data for 21 sites across Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta were analyzed to evaluate the availability of late-season heat and water resources between time of winter wheat maturity and freeze-up. Thermal time during this period ranged from 159 to 754 growing degree days; precipitation ranged from 42 to 152 mm. Southern Manitoba appears to be best suited to relay and double cropping. Southern Saskatchewan receives significant thermal energy; however, lack of precipitation may limit late season plant growth. Key words: Legumes, no-till, cropping system intensity

Evaluation of Chlorsulfuron in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and in a Wheat-Soybean (Glycine max) Double-Cropping System

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 746-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khosro Khodayari ◽  
Robert E. Frans ◽  
Khalid H. Akkari
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
No Till ◽  
Wild Garlic

Chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} was evaluated for weed control in winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and for residual effect on soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] following wheat. Chlorsulfuron applied at 72 g ai/ha and less did not injure or reduce grain yields of ‘Double-Cropped’ wheat. Postemergence tank mixtures of chlorsulfuron at 36 g/ha with diclofop {(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} at 1 kg/ha were more effective than other treatments for control of wild garlic (Allium vinealeL. ♯ ALLVI). ‘Forrest’ soybeans did not show any injury from chlorsulfuron residue even at rates of 72 g/ha when it was no-till seeded following winter wheat.

Crop response of aerobic rice and winter wheat to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a double cropping system

2009 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Qin Dai ◽  
Hong Yan Zhang ◽  
J. H. J. Spiertz ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Guang Hui Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Farming systems and conservation needs in the Northwest Wheat Region

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.I. Papendick
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
No Till

AbstractThe Northwest Wheat Region is a contiguous belt of 3.3 million ha in Idaho, Oregon and Washington. Its climate varies from subhumid (<650 mm annual precipitation) to semiarid (<350 mm), with more than 60% of the annual precipitation occurring during the winter. Winter wheat yields range from a high of 8 t/ha in the wetter zones to a low of 1.5 t/ha in the drier zones. Winter wheat is grown in rotation with spring cereals and pulses where annual precipitation exceeds 450 mm; winter wheat-fallow prevails where annual precipitation is less than 330 mm. Tillage practices are designed to maximize infiltration and retention of water through soil surface and crop residue management. Because of the combination of winter precipitation, steep topography, and winter wheat cropping, much of the region is subject to a severe water erosion hazard, accentuated by freeze-thaw cycles that increase surface runoff and weaken the soil structure. Wind erosion is a major problem in the drier zones, where cover is less and soils are higher in sand. Residue management, primarily through reduced tillage and no-till systems, is the first defense against both wind and water erosion, but yields often are higher with conventional intensive ti llage. Factors that limit yields with conservation farming include weed and disease problems and th e lack of suitable tillage and seeding equipment. Conservation strategies must shift from relying on traditional tillage methods to development of complete no-till systems. Spring cropping as a replacement for winter wheat also needs to be investigated. In some cases, tillage for water conservation must be made compatible with tillage for erosion control.

Influence of Soil Type and Depth of Planting on Downy Brome Seed

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Wicks ◽  
O. C. Burnside ◽  
C. R. Fenster
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Moldboard Plow

Downy brome (Bromus tectorumL.) seedling emergence was greatest from soil depths of 1 inch or less, but occasionally seedlings emerged from depths of 4 inches. Downy brome seed covered by soil germinated more rapidly than those seed on the soil surface. More downy brome seedlings emerged, and from greater depths, from coarse-textured soils than fine-textured soils when moisture was not limiting. Soil type did not influence longevity of downy brome seed buried in the soil. Most (98%) 8-month-old downy brome seed buried 8 inches in the soil germinated but did not emerge in 1 year; and none remained viable in the soil after 5 years. The moldboard plow was more effective in reducing downy brome populations than a sweep plow or one-way disk in a continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) cropping system.

Nitrogen loss by surface runoff from different cropping systems

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jiao ◽  
D. Xu ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
K. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Total N ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Summer Fallow

Reducing nitrogen (N) loss from agricultural soils as surface runoff is essential to prevent surface water contamination. The objective of 3-year study, 2007–09, was to evaluate surface runoff and N loss from different cropping systems. There were four treatments, including one single-crop cropping system with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) followed by summer fallow (wheat/fallow), and three double-cropping systems: winter wheat/corn (Zea mays L.), wheat/cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and wheat/soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill). The wheat/fallow received no fertiliser in the summer fallow period. The four cropping systems were randomly assigned to 12 plots of 5 m by 2 m on a silty clay soil. Lower runoff was found in the three double-cropping systems than the wheat/fallow, with the lowest runoff from the wheat/soybean. The three double-cropping systems also substantially reduced losses of ammonium-N (NH4+-N), nitrate-N (NO3–-N), dissolved N (DN), and total N (TN) compared with the wheat/fallow. Among the three double-cropping systems, the highest losses of NO3–-N, DN, and TN were from the wheat/cotton, and the lowest losses were from the wheat/soybean. However, the wheat/soybean increased NO3–-N and DN concentrations compared with wheat/fallow. The losses in peak events accounted for >64% for NH4+-N, 58% for NO3–-N, and 41% for DN of the total losses occurring during the 3-year experimental period, suggesting that peak N-loss events should be focussed on for the control of N loss as surface runoff from agricultural fields.

Response of Strip-Tilled Peanut to Broiler Litter, Starter Fertilizers, and Fungicide in an Irrigated Cropping System

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Gascho ◽  
T. B. Brenneman
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Broiler Litter ◽  
Starter Fertilizer ◽  
Pod Yield

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production in the Southern Coastal Plain of the U.S. is being impacted by increased use of broiler litter and by conservation tillage. There are no studies on the use of broiler litter for peanut grown in strip tillage and very little information on the use of starter fertilizers. Runner-type peanut was included in a 3 yr, double-cropped, irrigated rotation to determine the effects of broiler litter rates and starter fertilizers on disease development, pod yield, market grade, and gross economic value of runner market type peanut. Broiler litter rates of 0, 4.5, 9.0, and 13.5 Mg/ha were applied to the soil surface without incorporation prior to seeding. Within each broiler litter rate there were three starter fertilizer regimes (none, 93 L10–34–0/ha, and 93 L 12–22–5/ha) each with and without flutolanil {N-[3-(1-methylethoxy) phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl) benzamide}applied twice at 1.12 kg ai/ha/application. Over 4 yr, broiler Utter either decreased or did not affect pod yield, market grade, or gross economic value of peanut. Southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) incidence was not affected by broiler litter, but Rhizotonia limb rot (Rhizoctonia solani, AG-4) incidence increased with broiler litter rate, possibly accounting for some of the decreases in production variables. Broiler litter application was neither an agronomic nor economic best management practice for peanut in this strip-tilled study. Flutolanil increased pod yield, market grade, and gross economic value of peanut regardless of broiler litter rate by decreasing the incidence of southern stem rot and Rhizotonia limb rot. Starter fertilizer had little effect on any of the measured parameters.

Wheat residue management options for no-till corn

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Opoku ◽  
T. J. Vyn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
No Till

Corn (Zea mays L.) yield reduction following winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in no-till systems prompted a study on the effects of tillage and residue management systems on corn growth and seedbed conditions. Four methods for managing wheat residue (all residue removed, straw baled after harvest, straw left on the soil surface, straw left on the soil surface plus application of 50 kg ha−1N in the fall) were evaluated at two tillage levels: fall moldboard plow (MP) and no-till (NT). No-till treatments required at least 2 more days to achieve 50% corn emergence and 50% silking, and had the lowest corn biomass at 5 and 7 wk after planting. Grain yield was similar among MP treatments and averaged 1.1 t ha−1 higher than NT treatments (P < 0.05). Completely removing all wheat residue from NT plots reduced the number of days required to achieve 50% corn emergence and increased grain yields by 0.43 and 0.61 t ha–1 over baling and not baling straw, respectively, but still resulted in 8% lower grain yields than MP treatments. Grain yield differences among MP treatments were insignificant regardless of the amount of wheat residue left on the surface or N application in the fall. Early in the growing season, the NT treatments where residue was not removed had lower soil growing degree days (soil GDD) compared with MP (baled) treatment, and higher soil moisture levels in the top 15 cm compared with all other treatments. The application of 50 kg N ha−1 in the fall to NT (not baled) plots influenced neither the amount of wheat residue on the soil surface, nor the soil NO3-N levels at planting. Our results suggest that corn response in NT systems after wheat mostly depends on residue level. Key words: Winter wheat, straw management, no-till, corn, soil temperature, soil moisture

Improved Nitrogen Management for an Intensive Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Double‐cropping System

2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 286-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaojun Qiu ◽  
Xiaotang Ju ◽  
Xing Lu ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Joachim Ingwersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Double Cropping
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