Organic matter increases jarosite dissolution in acid sulfate soils under inundation conditions

Soil Research ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengxing Chu ◽  
Chuxia Lin ◽  
Yonggui Wu ◽  
Wenzhou Lu ◽  
Jie Long
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Column Experiment ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Sulfate Soils

A column experiment was conducted to examine the effects of added organic matter and thickness of surface water on the stability of jarosite in a coastal acid sulfate soil. The results show that dissolution of jarosite was negligible if no organic matter was added onto the soil. However, where organic matter was added onto the soils, the acidity and the concentrations of iron and sulfate in the leachate of the soil increased following water inundation, indicating the decomposition of jarosite in such conditions. Probably, the organic matter content of the soil was originally too low to enable the creation of reducing conditions that could sufficiently cause the breakdown of jarosite contained in the soil. Under the experimental conditions, the amount of added organic matter played a more important role than the thickness of the overlying water in the dissolution of jarosite.

Net N mineralisation in acid sulfate soils amended with different sources of organic matter, lime, and urea

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Nguyen My Hoa ◽  
Trinh Thi Thu Trang ◽  
Tran Kim Tinh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Rice Soil ◽  
N Mineralisation ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Aerobic Incubation ◽  
Upland Soil ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Sulfate Soils

Acid sulfate soils in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, are often high in organic matter content, but net N mineralisation is low. This may be due to low soil pH or low easily decomposable organic matter content. This study aimed at investigating net N mineralisation in acid sulfate rice soil (anaerobic incubation) and acid sulfate upland soil (aerobic incubation) amended with 1% biogas sludge, 1% straw, 1% starch, 2.5‰ CaCO3 (about 10 t CaCO3/ha for acid sulfate soils), and 0.22‰ urea. Non-acid alluvial soils were used for comparison. Results showed that addition of straw and starch to acid sulfate rice soil decreased net N mineralisation, but addition of biogas sludge increased cumulative N-NH4 due to both the increase in soil pH after submergence and the supply of low C/N organic matter. Addition of biogas sludge can therefore increase N-supplying capacity in acid sulfate rice soil. During aerobic incubation of acid sulfate upland soil with biogas sludge, cumulative N (NH4 + NO3) was also increased compared with the control, although pH was not increased. It is concluded, therefore, that in acid sulfate soils in the Mekong Delta, the supply of easily decomposable organic matter with low C/N ratio can increase activity of microorganisms and hence increase net N mineralised compared with soils not supplied with biogas sludge. Liming can increase net N mineralisation in acid sulfate rice soil during anaerobic incubation, but not in acid sulfate upland soil during aerobic incubation. Addition of rice straw and starch to soil amended with urea increased N immobilisation; therefore, urea can be temporally immobilised in soils and hence may reduce loss of N in field conditions.

Nitrifier and denitrifier molecular operational taxonomic unit compositions from sites of a freshwater estuary of Chesapeake Bay

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline S. Fortunato ◽  
David B. Carlini ◽  
Evan Ewers ◽  
Karen L. Bushaw-Newton
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Unit ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

Temporal and spatial changes in the molecular operational taxonomic unit (OTU) compositions of bacteria harboring genes for nitrification and denitrification were assessed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), clone-based DNA sequencing of selected PCR products, and analyses of ammonium and organic matter concentrations. Sediment, overlying water, and pore-water samples were taken from different vegetated sites of Jug Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Maryland, during spring, summer, and fall 2006. OTU richness and the diversities of nitrifiers and denitrifiers were assessed by the presence of bands on DGGE gels, both ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were seasonally dependent. AOB OTU richness was highest in the summer when NOB richness was decreased, whereas NOB richness was highest in the spring when AOB richness was decreased. The OTU diversities of nitrifiers did not correlate with ammonium concentrations, organic matter concentrations, or the presence of vegetation. The OTU diversities of denitrifiers possessing either the nirK or nosZ genes were not seasonally dependent but were positively correlated with organic matter content (p = 0.0015, r2 = 0.27; p < 0.0001, r2 = 0.39, respectively). Additionally, the presence of vegetation significantly enhanced nosZ species richness (Wilcoxon/Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.008), but this trend was not seen for nirK OTU richness. Banding patterns for nirK OTUs were more similar within sites for each season compared with any of the other genes. Over all seasons, nirK OTU richness was highest and AOB and nosZ OTU richness were lowest (Wilcoxon/Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.0001). High levels of sequence divergence among cloned nirK PCR products indicate a broad diversity of nirK homologs in this freshwater estuary.

scholarly journals Warming increases carbon-nutrient fluxes from sediments in streams across land use

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 11293-11330
Author(s):  
S.-W. Duan ◽  
S. S. Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Watershed Land Use ◽  
Sediment Fluxes

Abstract. Rising water temperatures due to climate and land-use change can accelerate biogeochemical fluxes from sediments to streams. We investigated impacts of increased streamwater temperatures on sediment fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrate, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and sulfate. Experiments were conducted at 8 long-term monitoring sites across land use (forest, agricultural, suburban, and urban) at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Over 20 yr of routine water temperature data showed substantial variation across seasons and years, and lab incubations were conducted at 4 temperatures (4 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C) for 48 h. Results indicated: (1) warming consistently increased sediment DOC fluxes to overlying water across land use but decreased DOC quality via increases in the humic-like to protein-like fractions (2) warming consistently increased SRP fluxes from sediments to overlying water across land use (3) warming increased sulfate fluxes from sediments to overlying water at rural/suburban sites but decreased sulfate fluxes at urban sites likely due to sulfate reduction (4) nitrate fluxes showed an increasing trend with temperature but with larger variability than SRP. Sediment fluxes of nitrate, SRP and sulfate were strongly related to watershed urbanization and organic matter content. Using relationships of sediment fluxes with temperature, we estimate a 5 °C warming would increase the annual sediment release by 1.0–3.9 times. In addition to hydrologic variability, understanding warming impacts on coupled biogeochemical cycles in streams (e.g., organic matter mineralization, P sorption, nitrification, denitrification, and sulfate reduction) is critical for forecasting changes in carbon and nutrient exports across watershed land use.

scholarly journals High stability and metabolic capacity of bacterial community promote the rapid reduction of easily decomposing carbon in soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruilin Huang ◽  
Thomas W. Crowther ◽  
Yueyu Sui ◽  
Bo Sun ◽  
Yuting Liang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Metabolic Capacity ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Stability

AbstractIrreversible climate change alters the decomposition and sequestration of soil carbon (C). However, the stability of C components in soils with different initial organic matter contents and its relationship with the response of major decomposers to climate warming are still unclear. In this study, we translocated Mollisols with a gradient of organic matter (OM) contents (2%–9%) from in situ cold region to five warmer climatic regions to simulate climate change. Soil C in C-rich soils (OM >5%) was more vulnerable to translocation warming than that in C-poor soils (OM ≤ 5%), with a major loss of functional groups like O-alkyl, O-aryl C and carboxyl C. Variations of microbial β diversity with latitude, temperature and precipitation indicated that C-rich soils contained more resistant bacterial communities and more sensitive fungal communities than C-poor soils, which led to strong C metabolism and high utilization ability of the community in C-rich soils in response to translocation warming. Our results suggest that the higher sensitivity of soils with high organic matter content to climate change is related to the stability and metabolic capacity of major bacterial decomposers, which is important for predicting soil-climate feedback.

scholarly journals Geochemical features of Bazhenov and Abalak formations (Western Siberia)

2016 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
A. Y. Bychkov ◽  
G. A. Kalmykov ◽  
I. A. Bugaev ◽  
N. A. Balushkina ◽  
A. G. Kalmykov
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Clastic Material ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Abalak Formation ◽  
Sedimentation Conditions

The composition of Bazhenov and Abalak Formation rocks of Western Siberia is presented. Correlations of macro- and micro-components concentration with the base mineral and organic matter content in rocks are showed. Investigations of trace elements allow determining sedimentation conditions: redox conditions, hydrogen sulfide contamination and the source of the sedimentary material. The results showed that the rocks of the Bazhenov Formation were formed at low flows of clastic material under reducing conditions and a periodic hydrogen sulphide mode.

scholarly journals Biological Reduction of Organic Matter in Buji River Sediment (Shenzhen, China) with Artificial Oxygenation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3592
Author(s):  
Lin Che ◽  
Wenbiao Jin ◽  
Xu Zhou ◽  
Chenbo Cao ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
River Sediment ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Biological Reduction ◽  
Do Concentration

In this work, artificial oxygenation treatment (pure oxygen aeration or oxygen enriched water injection) combined with the introduction of exogenous microorganisms was employed to purify urban river sediment for the first time. Results showed that the developed in situ remediation strategy could increase the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) value of the sediments. Benefiting from the increase of DO concentration, the bacterial diversity was enhanced. The highest removal efficiencies of organic matter were 18.4% and 22.3% through pure oxygen aeration and oxygen enriched water injection, respectively. More importantly, overlying water quality was not affected. By comparison, oxygen enriched water injection treatment could achieve better performance on sediment purification. Introducing exogenous microorganisms further reduced the organic matter content of the sediment. In short, the current work not only proposed a promising strategy for controlling urban river sediment pollution, but also provided novel insight for the understanding of river sediment containing highly concentrated organic matter.

HEAVY METAL SPECIATION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY RESERVOIR

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
O. A. Lipatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Speciation ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides

The study of heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky water reservoir is presented in this paper. Sequential selective procedure was used to determine the heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments and thermodynamic calculation — to determine ones in interstitial water. It has been shown that Mn are mainly presented in exchangeable and carbonate forms; for Fe, Zn, Pb и Co the forms are related to iron and manganese hydroxides is played an important role; and Cu and Ni are mainly associated with organic matter. In interstitial waters the main forms of heavy metal speciation are free ions for Zn, Ni, Co and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, fulvate complexes for Cu. Effects of particle size and organic matter content in sediments on distribution of mobile and potentially mobile forms of toxic elements have been revealed.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amita M Watkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

scholarly journals Soil nitrogen supply of peat grasslands estimated by degree days and soil organic matter content

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-365
Author(s):  
J. Pijlman ◽  
G. Holshof ◽  
W. van den Berg ◽  
G. H. Ros ◽  
J. W. Erisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Supply
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