Speciation distribution of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in contaminated Phaeozem in north-east China using single and sequential extraction procedures

Soil Research ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Guo ◽  
Q. X. Zhou ◽  
P. V. Koval ◽  
G. A. Belogolova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Metal Mobility ◽  
East China ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
North East ◽  
Mn Oxides ◽  
Cu And Zn

Knowledge of the total content of trace metals is not enough to fully assess the environmental impact of polluted soils. For this reason, the determination of metal speciation in soil is important to evaluate its mobilisation capacity and behaviour in the environment. The sequential extraction procedure was used to separate 4 heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) from contaminated Phaeozem in north-east China into 5 operationally defined geochemical species: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe–Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residues. Neutral salts, dilute acids, and chelating reagents were used as single extractants for the functionally defined speciation. In the sequential extraction, the residual fraction was the most abundant pool for Pb, Cu, and Zn. A major portion (40–84%) of Pb, Cu, and Zn was associated with the residue. The speciation distribution of Pb, Cu, and Zn in the surface samples was similar to that in the subsurface, with residues > bound to organic matter > bound to Fe–Mn oxides > bound to carbonates > exchangeable. A significant amount (32–47%) of Cd persisted in the potential availability of the exchangeable fraction. The main part of Cd fractionation in the surface soil samples comprised exchangeable, carbonate, and Fe–Mn oxide fractions, whereas in the subsurface it comprised the residual and exchangeable phases. EDTA can be regarded as an extractant for assessing the plant-available species of Cd, Cu, and Zn; NH4Cl released electrostatically weakly bound metals and was used to estimate the mobile species. Assuming that metal mobility and bioavailability are related to their solubility and the contents in typical plants in the contaminated Phaeozem, Cd would be the main potential risk to animal health and groundwater safety in the area.

Trace metal speciation in the Yamaska and St. François Rivers (Quebec)

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tessier ◽  
P. G. C. Campbell ◽  
M. Bisson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Mn Oxides

Water and suspended sediment samples were collected at 12 stations on the Yamaska and St. François Rivers, located in southeastern Quebec, and were analyzed for the trace metals Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn. The suspended sediment samples were subjected to a sequential extraction procedure designed to partition the particulate trace metals into five fractions: (1) exchangeable; (2) bound to carbonates; (3) bound to Fe–Mn oxides; (4) bound to organic matter; and (5) residual.Although suspended sediment levels as well as total soluble and particulate trace metal concentrations were highly variable in time and space, speciation patterns for each metal proved reasonably constant. Very small proportions of all metals, except Cd and Mn, were found in the exchangeable fraction, whereas high levels of all metals were present in the residual fraction; Fe–Mn oxides and organic matter constituted important transport phases for most metals. Deviations from this general behaviour were occasioned by man-induced perturbations (e.g., inputs of municipal sewage or mine waste water). At stations influenced by such factors, total particulate metal concentrations increased and the relative contribution of the residual fraction decreased. The trace metal content of fraction 3 proved to be particularly sensitive to anthropogenic inputs; other phases acting as trace metal sinks included those liberated in fractions 1 (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn), 2(Cu, Ni, Zn), and 4(Cu, Ni).

Using Modified Tessier Scheme to Metal Speciation in a Former Sewage Farm and interpretation of the sequential extraction by FTIR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaghayegh Ramezany ◽  
Magdalena Sut-Lohmann ◽  
Friederike Klos ◽  
Alexander Bonhage ◽  
Thomas Raab
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Potentially Toxic Metals ◽  
Sewage Farm ◽  
Mn Oxides

<p>We present a study conducted on a former sewage farm near Berlin, where long term sewage disposal onto agricultural land resulted in a high accumulation of potentially toxic metals. Based on a previous study, 30 samples collected within an area of a former sedimentation basin were selected (at the depth of 15-20 cm and one borehole up to 100 cm deep). The modified Tessier sequential extraction was applied in order to determine the partitioning of particulate potentially toxic metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) into following fractions: 1) Exchangeable, 2) Bound to carbonate, 3) Bound to Fe/Mn oxides, 4) Bound to organic matter, and 5) Residual fraction. As a complementary analysis, diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) technique was used for the interpretation purposes.</p><p>The obtained results demonstrated different metal speciation in the studied soil; Pb was mostly discovered in the residual fraction (77%) followed by Cr (53%), Cu (8%), and Zn (5%), while Ni was not extracted in this fraction. The organic matter-bound is the dominant species of Cu (77%). However, Zn and Ni exhibit the highest affinity for Fe/Mn oxides fraction (55% and 39%, respectively). The average mobility factor followed the order Ni > Zn > Cu whereas Cr and Pb were not found as exchangeable nor in carbonate forms. Study also revealed that DRIFTS is applicable to interpret the sequential metal extraction, especially for the carbonates-bound, organic matter-bound, and residual fractions. The spectral changes in organic and inorganic regions can indicate the soil components’ dissociation is proportional to the extraction.</p>

Metallic pollution in clogging materials of urban porous pavements

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Colandini ◽  
Michel Legret ◽  
Yves Brosseaud ◽  
Jean-Daniel Baladès
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
Metal Mobility ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Copper Zinc

Porous pavements infiltrated with stormwater are faced with clogging problems: runoff particles seep and clog the pervious surface layer of these structures. Clogging material samples (in the form of sludge) have been collected in cleaning operations on the pervious asphalt. This study aims at characterizing these materials, particle size distribution, heavy metal contents by particle size, and studying interactions between metals and particles. A sequential extraction procedure proposed by the experts of the Community Bureau of Reference (B.C.R.) was applied to provide information about heavy metal distribution on particles and to evaluate interaction strength, and consequently potential metal mobility when chemical variations occurred in the environment. Mainly made up of sand, the materials are polluted with lead, copper, zinc and cadmium. The concentrations appeared to be linked with road traffic intensity. The heavy metal contents by particle size showed that the finer are the particles, the higher are the heavy metal concentrations. Heavy metals were found potentially labile; metals contents in the residual fraction (mineral fraction) represented less than 20 % of the total concentration. Cadmium and zinc were apparently more labile than lead and copper.

scholarly journals Environmental Assessment of Trace Metals in San Simon Bay Sediments (NW Iberian Peninsula)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 826 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Ramírez-Pérez ◽  
M.A. Álvarez-Vázquez ◽  
E. De Uña-Álvarez ◽  
E. de Blas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Gravity Core ◽  
Pollution Factor ◽  
Cu And Zn

A gravity core (220 cm depth) was collected to investigate the geochemistry, enrichment, and pollution of trace metals in anoxic sediments from San Simon Bay, an ecosystem of high biological productivity in the northwest of Spain. A five-step sequential extraction procedure was used. The Cu, Pb, and Zn contents decreased with depth, with maximum values in the top layers. Ni and Zn were bound to pyrite fractions, while Cd and Pb were associated with the most mobile fractions. The analyzed metals were associated with the fractions bound to organic matter, mainly with the strongly bound to organic matter fraction. High Cd and Cu values were observed. The fractionation showed a high mobility for Cd (28.3–100%) and Pb (54.0–70.2%). Moreover, the pollution factor and the geoaccumulation index reflected a high contamination for Pb and a moderate contamination for Cu and Zn in the superficial layers, pointing to a possible ecotoxicological risk to organisms in San Simon Bay.

scholarly journals Manganese Fractionation in Soils after Application of Municipal Solid Wastes Compost in Two Consecutive Years

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molod Samiei ◽  
Abdolamir Bostani
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Mn Oxides

In order to study the effect of Tehran municipal solid wastes compost on manganese accumulation in soil and to determine its concentration in any readily available plant forms (exchangeable and carbonates-bonded), Mn-oxides bonded fraction, organic matter bonded fraction, and residual fraction in a calcareous soil, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design (RCBD) was conducted in research field of Shahed university at different levels of municipal solid wastes compost (0, 15, 30, and 60 ton/ha) as first factor and application times (one- or two-year compost application) as second factor in three replications. Results showed that, by increasing compost level, total Mn concentration, DTPA-extractable concentration, and amounts existing in all five fractions were increased, so lowest and highest amounts of Mn were observed in control and 60 ton/ha compost application. Based on results from Mn fractionation using Tessier consecutive extraction method, Mn fractions in all samples were in the following order: residual > Fe-Mn oxides > carbonates-bonded > organic matter-bonded ≫ exchangeable fractions in which residual fraction (RE) at first and second year was dominant rather than other fractions by 34.28–43.04 and 34.28–49.48 percent, respectively. Mn concentration in Fe-Mn oxides-bonded fraction at both years was considerable. Mn amounts in Fe-Mn oxides- bonded, application times were decreased.

Total and fractionation metal contents obtained with sequential extraction procedures in a sediment core from Terra Nova Bay, West Antarctica

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia E. Casalino ◽  
Mery Malandrino ◽  
Agnese Giacomino ◽  
Ornella Abollino
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Sediment Core ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Metal Mobility ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Crystalline Oxide ◽  
Sequential Extraction Procedures ◽  
Partitioning Procedure

AbstractA suite of 21 elements, namely Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, Ti, V and Zn, was investigated in a sediment core from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. The experimental results were treated by chemometric techniques. The elemental composition of core H2 was found to be mainly dominated by terrigenous elements, but it is also influenced by biological factors, such as the presence of corals. No evidence of anthropogenic contamination was observed, even in the top layer of the sediment. Furthermore, the modified Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) three-step sequential extraction procedure was applied to evaluate metal mobility and availability. The results confirmed the separation between higher and lower sections of the core and showed the presence of Fe as amorphous and crystalline oxide and of Mn mostly as nodules. The high percentages of metals extracted into the fourth fraction indicate their strong binding with the sediment matrix. Finally, BCR procedure was compared to Tessier's protocol which made it possible to distinguish between mobile and mobilizable fraction. Therefore, in general partitioning procedure must be chosen taking into account the nature of the sample and the aim of the research.

Sequential Extraction Procedure for the Determination of Some Trace Elements in Fertilizer Samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1034-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunus Emre Unsal ◽  
Mustafa Tuzen ◽  
Mustafa Soylak
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Sequential Extraction Procedure ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Mn Oxides

Abstract Total concentration of metal ions at trace levels does not give sufficient information about toxicity and biological availability of these elements in fertilizer samples. In the presented work, a sequential extraction procedure modified by the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) was applied to fractionate Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Zn levels in two fertilizer samples collected from cooperative agricultural retailers. The fractions extracted were exchangeable/dilute acid soluble, reducible bound to Fe/Mn oxides, oxidizable bound to organic matter and sulfides, and residual. The determination of analyte elements was done by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The accuracy of the procedure was validated with BCR-701 sediment certified reference material. The RSD of the procedure was less than 10%.

scholarly journals Fractionation of Selected Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils / Frakcjonowanie Wybranych Metali Ciężkich W Glebach Uprawnych

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szymon Różański
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Fraction Bound ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Abstract The content of trace elements in soils varies widely and their mobility and availability depends not only on the total content but also on the form of in which these elements occur. The aim of this study was to determine the total content of nickel, lead, zinc and copper in soils used for agriculture, and assess the mobility and phytoavailability of these metals against a background of physical and chemical properties of these soils. In samples taken from three soil profiles (Phaeozem and 2 Fluvisols) the contents of Ni, Pb, Zn and Cu were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy in the solutions obtained according to the protocol of modified BCR sequential extraction procedure supplemented with aqua regia digestion. The total content of the analyzed metals in most cases corresponded to the natural values, often not exceeding the geochemical background level. It was only in the one profile of the Fluvisols (Endogleyic Fluvisol) that a higher concentration of zinc and lead was noticed (especially in the surface horizon), slightly exceeding the legal limit. Among the studied metals the lowest phytoavailability was characterized by copper (exchangeable forms on average 4.73% of the total), and the highest by zinc (11.49%). Nickel was the most permanently bound with soil solid phase, and its content in the residual fraction reached 84.46% of the total. Approximately a half of the total lead content was determined as a fraction bound with iron and manganese oxides, while in the case of this metal a significant role in binding of this metal was playing organic matter (fraction bound with organic matter and sulphides - an average of 27.5%). Significant role in the binding of all investigated metals was credited to iron and manganese compounds.

scholarly journals Assessment of trace and heavy metal distribution by four sequential extraction procedures in a contaminated soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. He ◽  
Y. Ren ◽  
I. Mohamed ◽  
M. Ali ◽  
W. Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Sequential Extraction Procedures ◽  
Cu And Zn

Four sequential extraction procedures (Sposito, Tessier, Silveira and Bureau Communautaire de Reference (BCR)) were used to evaluate the distribution of some metals (Fe, Cu, Cd and Zn) in a contaminated soil around a mining area. The results showed that Fe and Zn were mainly recovered in the recalcitrant soil fractions, while Cd was primarily localized in the exchangeable fraction. Soil Cu was highly associated with organic matter fraction. The amorphous Fe fraction in Silveira could be recognized as part of the Fe-Mn oxide fraction in Tessier and BCR procedures, while the crystalline Fe oxide fraction was classified into the residual fraction in Sposito, BCR and Tessier schemes. Although the same reagent was used to extract target fraction, less carbonate-bound Cu, Cu and Zn were extracted in Tessier procedure as compared to Silveira method, while Tessier scheme yielded a higher proportion of Fe, Cu and Zn in the Fe-Mn oxide fraction than BCR method. Due to the lack of uniformity of experimental conditions and the differences in extraction reagents, the extraction efficiency of metal species varied with the sequential extraction schemes. Therefore, care should be taken when comparing the results obtained by different sequential extraction procedures.

The fate and transformations of zinc added to soils

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. B. Ma ◽  
N. C. Uren
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Activation Energy ◽  
Drying And Rewetting ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Mn Oxides ◽  
Extractable Zn

A new sequential extraction procedure to remove specifically adsorbed forms of trace metals and easily reducible manganese (Mn) oxide fractions was used to study the fate and transformations of zinc (Zn) added to soils. Most of the endogenous Zn in field soils (75–87%) was found to exist in a residual fraction which is considered to be silicates, while the Zn added as a fertiliser in the field soils was found predominantly in an EDTA-extractable fraction and in association with iron (aluminium) [Fe (Al)] and Mn oxides. The Zn recently added to soils was found to be more in the reactive forms (water-soluble plus exchangeable and EDTA-extractable Zn) than the Zn added to field soils in association with long-term Zn application. With time, the EDTA-extractable Zn transformed into the unreactive forms (Zn associated with Fe (Al) and Mn oxides). The processes could be described by a diffusion equation. The apparent diffusion rate coefficients were found to be in the order of 10–10–10–11/s. The diffusion activation energy (Ea) was found to be 67 kJ/mol. The diffusion of Zn cations into microporous solids is probably a rate-limiting process. The transformation of reactive Zn into unreactive Zn was enhanced by elevated temperatures and by drying and rewetting. The drying and rewetting effect at relatively high temperature may be important in the processes which lead to decreases in the availability of Zn to plants.

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