scholarly journals Effect of gypsum and polyacrylamides on water turbidity and infiltration in a sodic soil

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sivapalan
Keyword(s):  
Rice Crop ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Control Water

Water ponded on sodic soils can develop turbidity problems which seriously affect rice crop establishment. A total of 19 polyacrylamide products were assessed for their effectiveness to control water turbidity in a sodic soil under laboratory conditions. Anionic polyacrylamides were more effective than cationic or non-ionic polyacrylamides. When combined with gypsum, polyacrylamides were found to be more effective than when applied alone. A split application strategy was more efficient than continuous application of polyacrylamide treatments. Different rates of polyacrylamides at 2.5, 5, and 10 kg/ha did not show significant difference in controlling water turbidity. Selected polyacrylamides were also tested on soil columns to study their effect on infiltration and percolation of water through the soil. Results showed that polyacrylamides combined with low rates of gypsum did not modify the infiltration pattern to a greater extent. This study demonstrated that anionic polyacrylamides applied with small quantities of gypsum through a split application strategy would be an appropriate technique to overcome water turbidity problems in sodic soils.

Application of two amendments (gypsum and langbeinite) to reclaim sodic soil using sodic irrigation water

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aydemir ◽  
N. F. Najjar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Sodic Water ◽  
Significant Difference

In this study, gypsum, a common amendment for sodic soil reclamation, was compared with langbeinite, a lesser used and known mineral. A column leaching experiment using sodic water was conducted on a sodic, non-saline soil (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Ruptic Vertic Albaqualf) dominated by smectitic clays. Soil was amended with gypsum and langbeinite at rates equivalent to exchangeable Na at soil depths of 0.15 and 0.30 m. The soil water at depths of 0.75, 0.15, and 0.225 m and the effluent from each column were collected at intervals of 12 h and analysed for soluble bases. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was calculated from soluble salts. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) was calculated. At the end of the experiment, soil samples were removed from each column in 4 depth increments. Significantly less exchangeable Na and lower SAR of the soil water was found in the lower sections of the soil columns, and Ksat was greater for the amended treatments than for the control. High solubility of the langbeinite resulted in the highest Ksat value, with possible increase in electrolyte concentration and reduction of clay swelling and dispersion in the first 12 h. However, there was no significant difference in reclamation efficiency between equivalent rates of 2 amendments throughout the experiment. This experiment indicated that factors influencing the decision about using either amendment should be availability of the product, the seasonal fluctuation in price, required reclamation time, and the crop needs for Ca or Mg and K.

Dynamics of Soil Moisture and Salt Content After Infiltration of Saline Ice Meltwater in Saline-Sodic Soil Columns

Pedosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1116-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye XIAO ◽  
Zhigang HUANG ◽  
Fan YANG ◽  
Zhichun WANG ◽  
Xia ZHOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Sodic Soil

scholarly journals Saline-sodic soil treated with gypsum, organic sources and leaching for successive cultivation of sunflower and rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 891-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petrônio D. dos Santos ◽  
Lourival F. Cavalcante ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
Geovani S. de Lima ◽  
Everaldo M. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Irrigated Perimeter

ABSTRACT Correction of saline and sodic soils aims to reduce salts dissolved in the solution and exchangeable sodium, respectively, to allow the growth and production of crops. In this context, an experiment was carried out between August/2011 and September/2012, in saline-sodic soil of the Irrigated Perimeter of São Gonçalo, in the municipality of Sousa, PB, Brazil. Agricultural gypsum, organic sources and continuous leaching for reducing salinity, sodicity and alkalinity in the saline-sodic soil and their effects on the production of the sunflower cultivar Embrapa 122/V-2000 and the rice variety Diamante were evaluated. The treatments were distributed in four randomized blocks and the soil was subjected to continuous leaching for 50 days and evaluated for salinity, sodicity and alkalinity before and after leaching, as well after sunflower and rice cultivation, in the 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m layers. Leaching and the application of gypsum and organic sources reduced the initial salinity in both soil layers, to a greater extent in the surface layer. Exchangeable sodium decreased in 0-0.20 m and increased in 0.20-0.40 m. After rice cultivation, the soil in the 0-0.20 m layer changed from saline-sodic to non-saline in the treatments gypsum + bovine manure and gypsum + rice husk. The reduction of salinity, sodicity and alkalinity in the soil was higher during rice cultivation than during sunflower cultivation.

RECLAMATION OF A SALINE-SODIC SOIL WITH SHALLOW TILE DRAINAGE

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Van Schaik ◽  
R. A. Milne
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Normal Plant ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Tile Drains

Leaching studies showed that shallow glacial soils that have become saline-sodic can be reclaimed with tile drains installed at a depth of 30 inches with a 30-foot spacing. The glacial till at the experimental site occurred at a depth of 2 to 3 feet below the surface and was slowly permeable. Only after the application of 71 inches of water was the saline-sodic soil sufficiently reclaimed to allow normal plant growth. Some decrease in salt concentration was found below the tile drains. There was no difference in salt movement with respect to proximity to the tile lines. The development of non-saline-sodic soils was not evident during the trial. Most of the gypsum applied during the trial remained in the surface 6 inches after the final water application.

Effects of Combined Heat and Acetic Acid on Natural Microflora Reduction on Cantaloupe Melons

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 981-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALIYAR FOULADKHAH ◽  
JOHN S. AVENS
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Primary Processing ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Natural Microflora ◽  
High Level ◽  
Control Water

Produce is an important source of nutrients and phytochemicals, which is important in a healthy diet. However, perishable fresh produce has caused recent outbreaks of foodborne diseases. High level of nutrients and water activity, direct contact with soil, and lack of thermal procedures during primary processing make fresh produce a potential food safety hazard. Fruits and vegetables with rough surfaces can harbor microorganisms and support their multiplication, increasing the risk of this hazard. This study evaluated the effects of extreme thermal processes combined with acetic acid on natural microflora reduction on cantaloupe melons. Melons from a local supermarket were assigned into five treatment groups: control, water at 25°C, water at 95°C, 5% acetic acid at 25°C, and 5% acetic acid at 95°C. Four skin samples were obtained from each melon, separately stomached for 2 min with 0.1% peptone water, and serially diluted. Aerobic plate counts (APC) of dilutions were determined. Statistical analysis (least significant difference–based analysis of variance) showed that there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in APC among control, water at 25°C, and 5% acetic acid at 25°C. Thermal treatments with water at 95°C, and 5% acetic acid at 95°C, were both significantly (P < 0.05) more effective in APC reduction than were nonthermal treatments, but were not significantly different from each other. Results indicated that a thermal water immersion intervention in primary processing of fresh melons can result in a 3-log reduction of natural microflora surface contamination, but 5% acetic acid will not significantly augment this reduction.

Changes in dispersible clay content, organic carbon content, and electrolyte composition following incubation of sodic soil

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Nelson ◽  
J. A. Baldock ◽  
J. M. Oades
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Clay Dispersion ◽  
Dispersible Clay

Measurement of dispersible clay is important for the diagnosis of structural stability problems in soil. However, clay dispersibility is known to change with water content and time. The purpose of the present study was to determine how incubation of sodic soil under different water content regimes influences clay dispersibility. Two topsoils (depth 0-0·1 m), one sodic [exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) 9 · 7] and the other non-sodic (ESP 3·8), were collected from an experimental pasture at Kyabram, Victoria, and 2 soils, a sodic topsoil (depth 0-0·1 m, ESP 6·9) and the corresponding subsoil (depth 0·2-0 m, ESP 25·7), were collected from a cropped field at Two Wells, South Australia. The soils were incubated for 264 days in a split-plot design. The main treatments were soil type and incubation water content: continuously air-dry, continuously wet (-50 kPa), or with wet/dry cycles. The subtreatment was water content at analysis: air dry or wet (-50 kPa). Clay dispersion was greater when measured on wet soils than dry soils, irrespective of water contents during the prior incubation. Electrical conductivity increased, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), pH, and organic carbon content decreased as a function of the time for which the soils were wet. In the Kyabram soils that were wet when analysed, easily dispersible clay content increased with SAR. Decreases in moderately dispersible clay under the wetting/drying regime were not related to electrolyte composition, and were attributed to particle rearrangement and cementation. The decreases in clay dispersibility with time occurred despite net losses of carbohydrate and aliphatic materials. An implication of the work is that the decomposition of soil organic matter, even in the absence of fresh additions, may reduce clay dispersion in sodic soils by altering electrolyte concentration and composition.

Soil–Plant Relationships in Saline Wastelands: Vegetation, Soils, and Successional Changes, During Biological Amelioration

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Mahmood ◽  
Kauser A. Malik ◽  
M.A.K. Lodhi ◽  
Khalid Hamid Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Leptochloa Fusca ◽  
Biological Amelioration ◽  
Kallar Grass ◽  
Study Species

An ecological survey of undisturbed saline wastelands and adjacent fields of Kallar Grass (Leptochloa fusca) was undertaken to study species distribution in relation to soil conditions and changes in species composition during amelioration processes. Five plant communities, represented by Atriplex crassifolia C.A. Mey., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf, Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk., and Eleusine flagellifera Nees, had colonized undisturbed areas. Soils of plant communities dominated by these species showed significant variations in salinity and sodicity. S. fruticosa was dominant on highly saline–sodic soil, Cynodon on slightly saline and moderately sodic soil, whereas D. bipinnata showed little variation in cover percentage with changes in salinity and sodicity of soil. These three species had wide ecological amplitude compared with E. flagellifera and A. crassifolia, which were restricted to non-saline and marginally saline–sodic soils, respectively.

scholarly journals Pemanasan Sebagai Katalisator Bahan Koagulan Tawas dan Kapur dalam Pengolahan Air Sungai di Desa Penjaratan Kecamatan Pelaihari Kabupaten Tanah Laut Tahun 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Roby Astuti ◽  
Maharso Maharso ◽  
Sulaiman Hamzani
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Time Variation ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
P Value ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
Adequate Quantity

Abstract: Heating As The Catalyst Of Alum And Lime Coagulant Materials In The River Water Processing In Penjaratan Village Pelaihari District Tanah Laut Regency In 2016. Water is a basic need in the human’s life. Therefore, water must be available in adequate quantity and quality such physical quality especially the turbidity at river water in. This study aims to find out the heat value as the catalyst of alum and lime coagulant materials in reducing the river water turbidity. The research method used is jar test, quasi- eksperiment designs in nature. Dependent variables in this study are turbidity and pH, independent variables are alum and lime doses and heating solution temperature. Data analysis is using Two-Way Anova statistical test.The study result in April 2016 shows there is a difference between catalyst without heating with early turbidity heating is 65.7 NTU and turbidity with processing without heating at settling time variation 5 minutes 20.7 NTU, 10 minutes 18.32 NTU and 15 minutes 17.45 NTU while with heating at settling time variation 5 minutes 14.27 NTU, 10 minutes 13.6 NTU and 15 minutes 13.1 NTU. The statistical test result shows the p-value in the catalyst is < 0.05 (there is a significant difference), while in the time and catalyst with time p-value > 0.05 (there is no significant difference). Keyword: Catalyst; Alum; Lime; Turbidity.

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