Classification issues for the Hydrosol and Organosol Soil Orders to better encompass surface acidity and deep sulfidic horizons in acid sulfate soils

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Acidity ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Risk Map ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Sulfate Soils ◽  
Australian Soil

The Australian Soil Classification (ASC) suggests that, owing to a lack of data available at the time of publication, modifications may be required for those soils containing sulfidic or sulfuric materials. The soil survey since undertaken for the acid sulfate soil risk maps of coastal NSW has provided sufficient data to suggest changes to the ASC, specifically with reference to horizons overlying sulfidic and sulfuric materials, and deep sulfidic materials. During the risk map survey a database of 308 sulfidic or sulfuric profiles was produced that contains descriptions, classifications, and laboratory data. It is this database that is examined in this paper. While the ASC successfully encompasses most characteristics which are important for land use, many of the risk map profiles contained an acidic, non acid sulfate, near surface layer that is not encompassed by the ASC. Hence, it is suggested here that a Supra acidic subgroup be included in the Hydrosol and Organosol Soil Orders to signify a near surface horizon with a pH <5.5 which is not sulfuric and which does not qualify as a Melacic horizon. The inclusion of an additional class to encompass deep sulfidic materials is also suggested for Hydrosols but, due to lack of data, not for other soil orders.

Australian Soil Classification

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Isbell ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
National System ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Sulfate Soils ◽  
Australian Soil

The Australian Soil Classification provides a framework for organising knowledge about Australian soils by allocating soils to classes via a key. Since its publication in 1996, this book has been widely adopted and formally endorsed as the official national system. It has provided a means of communication among scientists and land managers and has proven to be of particular value in land resource survey and research programs, environmental studies and education. Classification is a basic requirement of all science and needs to be periodically revised as knowledge increases. This Second Edition of The Australian Soil Classification includes updates from a working group of the National Committee on Soil and Terrain (NCST), especially in regards to new knowledge about acid sulfate soils (sulfidic materials). Modifications include expanding the classification to incorporate different kinds of sulfidic materials, the introduction of subaqueous soils as well as new Vertosol subgroups, new Hydrosol family criteria and the consistent use of the term reticulate. All soil orders except for Ferrosols and Sodosols are affected by the changes.

CLASSIFICATION OF CULTIVATED ESTUARINE ACID SULFATE SOILS IN QUEBEC

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. DE KIMPE ◽  
M. R. LAVERDIÈRE ◽  
R. W. BARIL
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Coastal Marsh ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Marsh Sediments ◽  
Sulfate Soils

When drained and cultivated, acid sulfate soils developed on coastal marsh sediments lose some of their specific properties because large amounts of lime are applied before cultivation and sulfate ions are leached out of the profiles. However, these soils still contrast strongly with other Gleysolic soils and their special characteristics should be given more emphasis in the soil classification system, especially for the benefit of soil fertility specialists. Key words: de l'Anse soils, jarosite, Gleysolic soils, sulfur

PEUBAH KUALITAS AIR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERTUMBUHAN RUMPUT LAUT (Gracilaria verrucosa) DI TAMBAK TANAH SULFAT MASAM KECAMATAN ANGKONA KABUPATEN LUWU TIMUR PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Akhmad Mustafa ◽  
Rachmansyah Rachmansyah ◽  
Dody Dharmawan Trijuno ◽  
Ruslaini Ruslaini
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Gracilaria Verrucosa ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Water Quality Variables ◽  
Sulfate Soils

Rumput laut (Gracilaria verrucosa) telah dibudidayakan di tambak tanah sulfat masam dengan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi yang relatif tinggi. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peubah kualitas air yang mempengaruhi laju pertumbuhan rumput laut di tambak tanah sulfat masam Kecamatan Angkona Kabupaten Luwu Timur Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Pemeliharaan rumput laut dilakukan di 30 petak tambak  terpilih selama 6 minggu. Bibit rumput laut dengan bobot 100 g basah ditebar dalam hapa berukuran 1,0 m x 1,0 m x 1,2 m. Peubah tidak bebas yang diamati adalah laju pertumbuhan relatif, sedangkan peubah bebas adalah peubah kualitas air yang meliputi: intensitas cahaya, salinitas, suhu, pH, karbondioksida, nitrat, amonium, fosfat, dan besi. Analisis regresi berganda digunakan untuk menentukan peubah bebas yang dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi peubah tidak bebas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan relatif rumput laut di tambak tanah sulfat masam berkisar antara 1,52% dan 3,63%/hari dengan rata-rata 2,88% ± 0,56%/hari. Di antara 9 peubah kualitas air yang diamati ternyata hanya 5 peubah kualitas air yaitu: nitrat, salinitas, amonium, besi, dan fosfat yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan rumput laut secara nyata. Untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan rumput laut di tambak tanah sulfat masam Kecamatan Angkona Kabupaten Luwu Timur dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian pupuk yang mengandung nitrogen untuk meningkatkan kandungan amonium dan nitrat serta pemberian pupuk yang mengandung fosfor untuk meningkatkan kandungan fosfat sampai pada nilai tertentu, melakukan remediasi untuk menurunkan kandungan besi serta memelihara rumput laut pada salinitas air yang lebih tinggi, tetapi tidak melebihi 30 ppt.Seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa) has been cultivated in acid sulfate soil-affected ponds with relatively high quality and quantity of seaweed production. A research has been conducted to study water quality variables that influence the growth of seaweed in acid sulfate soil-affected ponds of Angkona Sub-district East Luwu Regency South Sulawesi Province. Cultivation of seaweed was done for six weeks in 30 selected brackishwater ponds. Seeds of seaweed with weight of 100 g were stocked in hapa sized 1.0 m x 1.0 m x 1.2 m. Dependent variable that was observed was specific growth rate, whereas independent variables were water quality variables including light intensity, salinity, temperature, pH, carbondioxide, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, and iron. Analyses of multiple regressions were used to determine the independent variables which could be used to predict the dependent variable. Research result indicated that relative growth rate of seaweed in acid sulfate soils-affected brackishwater ponds ranged from 1.52% to 3.63%/day with 2.88% ± 0.56%/day in average. Among nine observed water quality variables, only five variables namely: nitrate, salinity, ammonium, phosphate and iron influence significantly on the growth of seaweed in acid sulfate soils-affected brackishwater ponds. The growth of seaweed in acid sulfate soils-affected brackishwater ponds of Angkona District East Luwu Regency, can be improved by using nitrogen-based fertilizers to increase ammonium and nitrate contents and also fertilizers which contain phosphorus to improve phosphate content to a certain level. Pond remediation to decrease iron content and also rearing seaweed at higher salinity (but less than 30 ppt) can also be alternatives to increase the growth of seaweed.

scholarly journals Bacillus Cyclic Lipopeptides Iturin and Fengycin Control Rice Blast Caused by Pyricularia oryzae in Potting and Acid Sulfate Soils by Direct Antagonism and Induced Systemic Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Van Bach Lam ◽  
Thibault Meyer ◽  
Anthony Arguelles Arias ◽  
Marc Ongena ◽  
Feyisara Eyiwumi Oni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Induced Systemic Resistance ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Sulfate Soils

Rice monoculture in acid sulfate soils (ASSs) is affected by a wide range of abiotic and biotic constraints, including rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae. To progress towards a more sustainable agriculture, our research aimed to screen the biocontrol potential of indigenous Bacillus spp. against blast disease by triggering induced systemic resistance (ISR) via root application and direct antagonism. Strains belonging to the B. altitudinis and B. velezensis group could protect rice against blast disease by ISR. UPLC–MS and marker gene replacement methods were used to detect cyclic lipopeptide (CLiP) production and construct CLiPs deficient mutants of B. velezensis, respectively. Here we show that the CLiPs fengycin and iturin are both needed to elicit ISR against rice blast in potting soil and ASS conditions. The CLiPs surfactin, iturin and fengycin completely suppressed P. oryzae spore germination resulting in disease severity reduction when co-applied on rice leaves. In vitro microscopic assays revealed that iturin and fengycin inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungus P. oryzae, while surfactin had no effect. The capacity of indigenous Bacillus spp. to reduce rice blast by direct and indirect antagonism in ASS conditions provides an opportunity to explore their usage for rice blast control in the field.

CARACTÉRISTIQUES DES SOLS SULFATÉS ACIDES DE LA SÉRIE DE L'ANSE EN MILIEU ESTUARIEN (QUÉBEC)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-592
Author(s):  
C. R. DE KIMPE ◽  
M. R. LAVERDIERE ◽  
R. W. BARIL
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Organic C ◽  
South Shore ◽  
Sulfate Soils ◽  
Sulfate Leaching ◽  
St Lawrence River

Acid sulfate soils were sampled according to the transect method in four bays along the south shore of the St. Lawrence river to determine their properties in their area of distribution. In each bay, six profiles of cultivated soils were sampled along a transect perpendicular to the river. One non-cultivated profile was also sampled at l'Isle-Verte. The lower limit of the B horizons, between 79 and 89 cm, suggested a homogeneous development of these soils across the area. Most profiles contained jarosite in the lower Bg and, sometimes, in the C horizons; this mineral was absent in the upper part of the profiles of soils that had been limed prior to cultivation. Total S content increased with depth, but only a few horizons had a content > 0.75% presumably because of sulfate leaching once the soils were drained. Organic C content in the de l'Anse soils decreased less rapidly with depth than in other gleysolic soils, because vegetation grew while sediments were being deposited. Key words: Acid sulfate soils, total S, recent marine sediments, jarosite

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