Methods of pH determination in calcareous soils: use of electrolytes and suspension effect

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Al-Busaidi ◽  
P. Cookson ◽  
T. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Suspension Effect ◽  
Objective Being

Determination of pH assists in understanding many reactions that occur in soil. However, measured values of soil pH can be affected by the procedure used for determination and by a range of soil properties. In this study, pH was measured in different electrolytes [distilled water (pHw), 0.01 m CaCl2 (pHca), 1 m KCl (pHk), and 0.01 m BaCl2 (pHba)] with different soil : solution ratios (i.e. 1 : 1, 1 : 2.5, 1 : 5), the main objective being to study the influence of different electrolytes on the suspension effect of pH in calcareous soils. Soil pH measured in water showed significant differences between different dilution ratios and was highly influenced by the ‘suspension effect’. Other electrolytes (CaCl2, KCl, BaCl2) were little affected by the suspension effect, giving approximately stable values when pH was measured with and without stirring. High soil salinity appeared to suppress any suspension effect in a manner similar to electrolytes when added to non-saline soils.

scholarly journals Salinity–pH Relationships in Calcareous Soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Al-Busaidi ◽  
P. Cookson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Relationship

Soil pH is the most commonly requested analysis undertaken during farm advisory work. Determination of pH assists in understanding many reactions that occur in soil. Variations in pH between soils have been related to a number of other soil parameters. In this study thirty different soils were collected from agricultural areas to have a wide range of pH, salinity, and texture. The objective was to study the relationship between soil pH and salinity. A negative relationship was found between soil salinity and pH. The main factor contributing to this relationship was probably the presence of soluble Ca2+ ion in soil. Variations in soluble Ca2+ ion concentrations between soils were negatively related to soil pH and positively related to soil salinity. Other soil properties that may affect pH, including CEC, CaCO3, clay content, gypsum and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), were also determined. 

scholarly journals Diagnostics of boron deficiency for plants in reference to boron concentration in the soil solution  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Szulc ◽  
B. Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Cultivated Soils

The determination of a range of boron concentration in the soil solution, evaluation of the effect of physico-chemical soil properties on boron concentration in the soil solution as well verification whether boron quantity in the soil solution is sufficient for nutritional needs of selected plants cultivated in Poland were comprised. Average boron concentration in the soil solution of Poland&rsquo;s cultivated soils ranges from 0.59 to 5.07 &micro;mol/L and is differentiated by physico-chemical properties of soil. Taking into account decreasing effects of soil properties on the increase of boron concentration in the soil solution, the soil properties can be arranged as follows: organic C &gt;<br />soil abundance in available boron &gt; soil texture &gt; soil pH. The minimum boron quantity observed in the soil solution of Poland&rsquo;s cultivated soils was not sufficient to fulfil nutritional needs of the plants. The maximum boron quantity observed secured nutritional needs of cereals and potatoes but not those of rape plants and sugar beets. Based on the study it can be concluded that the measurement of the concentration of boron in the soil solution can be used in the diagnosis of deficiency of this element for crops.

scholarly journals Study of the Effects of Soil Acidity and Salinity on Aluminium Mobility in Selected Soil Samples in Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
H. A. D. D. T. Gunasekera ◽  
R. C. L. De Silva
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Molecular Ions ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption

Aluminium is the most abundant metal in the earth’s crust. In soil, aluminum is mainly found in the mineral form as aluminosilicates and aluminum oxides and this aluminium is in stable inactive form. In addition, Al can be found as precipitates or in very minute quantities appear in soluble forms such as conjugated organic and inorganic, and molecular ions. Aluminium mobility and as a consequence aluminium toxicity, is mainly restricted to acid environments. Depending on the soil pH these mobile forms are capable of influencing biological systems. Aluminium has low mobility under most environmental conditions. However, below a pH of 4.0 its solubility increases and aluminium is released from silicate rocks under such acidic conditions. The levels of dissolved aluminium in natural groundwater samples are generally low, probably due to its low solubility at neutral pH values. Release of acids by anthropogenic activities influence the soil acidity levels. Therefore, elevated levels of aluminium have been found in acidified soil solutions and surface waters causing harmful effects to living organisms. The present study was aimed at proving the above theoretical hypothesis and existence of a possible relationship between soil salinity and soil acidity on the concentration of mobile aluminium ions in samples obtained during the location surveys. Samples were collected from selected locations in Ratnapura, Rathupaswala, Marawila, Mabima and Muthurajawela to get different soil types and the survey results were used to test the hypothetical relationship between the presence of the stated factors, and the existence of a high concentration of mobile aluminium in the soil water samples. The analysis covered basic parameters such as soil pH, soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic matter, soil electrical conductivity and the influence of the concentration of mobile aluminium at different pH and Na+ concentration levels. The total aluminium concentration in the soil was assayed by digesting samples with strong acid. Concentration of mobile aluminium in soil samples were analyzed using the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results indicated that there is no clear relationship between mobile aluminium and total aluminium in the soil. It was also found that the concentration of mobile aluminium released increased with decrease in soil pH and that the increase was marked when the pH of soil water was less than 4.0. Highest mobile aluminium release to the soil solution was found from Mabima sites [at pH 5.00 was 0.54 (±0.06) mg kg-1 of dry soil, at pH 0.00 was 90.12 (±7.01) mg kg-1] and least in samples from Marawila sites [at pH 5.00 was 0.48 (±0.03) mg kg-1, at pH 0.00 was 4.52 (±0.36) mg kg-1]. This result confirmed that there is an effect of soil acidity on the concentration of mobile aluminium in the soil but with no direct correlation. Results also showed that the concentration of mobile aluminium released increased with increasing soil salinity and that the increase was rapid when the Na+ ion concentration was higher than 2.0 %. Highest mobile aluminium release to the soil solution was found from Muthurajawela sites [Na+ 1.0% = lower than detection limit, Na+ 5.0% = 9.87 (±0.67) mg kg-1] and least found from Marawila sites [Na+1.0% = lower than detection limit, Na+ 5.0% = 2.24 (±0.23) mg kg-1] confirming the effect of soil salinity on the concentration of mobile aluminium in the soil. The study also points towards the future opportunities for research to confirm these findings using wider samples and employing more vigorous research methodologies.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOME SOIL PROPERTIES ON IRON SORPTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jar Allah & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Binding Strength ◽  
Lower Standard

Laboratory experiment was carried out in order to study the adsorption of Fe as FeEDDHA  as related to some soil properties in six calcareous soils from the middle of Iraq. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations were used for describing Fe adsorption. The best equation was chosen according  to highest value of r, r2 and t and least value of Standard error of estimate.   The results showed that Freunglich equation was more efficient for describing Fe sorption  compared with other physicochemical equations used, depending on highest values of, r  (0.985),  r2 (0.970) and t ( 20.01) and lower standard error SE.e (0.186). Maximum adsorption capacity in tested soils were 415.2, 393.7, 353.7, 344.2, 318.4 and 306.0 µg Fe g-1soil while the binding strength were    0.059, 0.046, 0.059, 0.051, 0.059 and 0.064 ml Fe µg-1 for Balad, Al-Khalis, Al-Raaid, Al-Wehda, Al-Mussayib and Al-Rashidaaa. 59.2% of the applied Fe was sorbed on soil while 40.8%  remained soluble in soil solution. Freunglich adsorption constants (lnKf and 1/n) significantly correlated with Langmuir maximum adsorption (b) and binding strength (K). Also, the maximum adsorptive capacity (b) of  Langmuir models statistically related to soil properties (EC, total and active carbonate  and plant available Fe). It can be concluded from  this study that Freunglich and Langmuir equations were more suitable for describing Fe adsorption in all tested soils. Tested soils sorbed Fe according to the following arrangement: Balad > Al-Khalis > Al-Raaid > Al-Wehda > Al-Mussayib > Al-Rashidaa.

Relations between soil properties and the 1 M NH 4 NO 3 soluble mobile element fraction

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rékási ◽  
T. Filep
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Background Concentrations ◽  
Soil Colloid

The aim of the present study was to establish whether the 1MNH4NO3extraction is a suitable method for determining the background concentrations of mobile element fractions in soils and for describing the relations among mobile element fractions and soil properties. The 1MNH4NO3extraction resulted As, Cr and Pb concentrations below the detection limit in 90% of the investigated soils. This shows that the mobile element content determined simply in 1MNH4NO3solution is probably inadequate for the determination of the mobile background concentrations of these elements. Therefore, in the risk assessment of soil contamination other soil properties and element fractions – like “total” (cc. HNO3+H2O2soluble) – should also be taken into consideration. The mobile Al concentration increased exponentially below pH 4. No correlation was found among 1MNH4NO3soluble mobile As, Cr, Cu and Pb element concentrations and any investigated soil property. Mobile Co, Mn, Al, Ni and Zn concentrations were determined mainly by soil pH. Soil colloid content correlated particularly with mobile Sr and B contents.

scholarly journals Estimates of soil solution ionic strength and the determination of pH in West Australian soils

Soil Research ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Dolling ◽  
GSP Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Ph Measurements ◽  
Solution Ionic Strength

The average ionic strength of 20 West Australian soils was found to be 0.0048. The effects of three electrolytes (deionized water, CaCl2 and KNO3), three ionic strengths (0.03, 0.005 and soil ionic strength at field capacity, Is) and two soil liquid ratios (1:5 and 1:10) on the pH of 15 soils were investigated. pH measurements in solutions of ionic strength 0.005 differed the least from measurements made at Is. The differences that occurred in comparisons with distilled water or CaCl2 of ionic strength 0.03 (0.01 M) were much greater (20.4 pH units). An extractant with an ionic strength of 0.005 may provide a more realistic measure of pH in the field than distilled water or 0.01 M CaCl2 for West Australian soils.

scholarly journals Analysis of Calcareous Soils for Two Various Facies within the Nature Reserve of El-Mergueb (M’sila, Algeria)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-347
Author(s):  
Samir Mezani ◽  
Amina Adjabi ◽  
Hachemi Sidi ◽  
Rabah Bounar ◽  
Hamid Reza Naseri
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Detailed Statistical Analysis ◽  
Active Calcium ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Geographical Space

Abstract This research was conducted on the protected area of El-Mergueb at M’sila province. The zone of El-Mergueb is located about 180 km south of the capital Algiers, at an altitude from 550 to 800 m, and is characterised by arid climate. The zone of El-Mergueb has a landscape from the steppe to Alfa that lies just as well in the flat ridges hills that in their slopes and in the top part of the ravines. Alfa tenacissima dominates the most geographical space of El-Mergueb. This study is based on the analysis of the homogenous and heterogeneous facies by the determination of the content of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), active calcium carbonate (ACCE) and gypsum through monitoring these chemical parameters during 3 years: 2017, 2018, 2019. Six soil profiles of 15 soil samples collected in the site of study were studied and several chemical soil properties were considered. These factors included: soil pH, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), active total carbonate (CA), gypsum (CaSO4) and electrical conductivity (EC). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the variations in soil properties. Results showed that there are significant relationships between some soil factors and two PCA axes. The results thus obtained showed that the content of CaCO3 and CA analysed ranged from average to high. The average of gypsum and salinity was low. Floristic diversity defined 284 species. The data on the chemical characteristics of the soil studied have been the subject of a detailed statistical analysis (PCA). Our database consisted of quantitative variables. The implementation of the PCA to the soils studied showed a major dominance of the limestone in the two stations, which explains the alkaline pH and the low concentration of gypsum. Finally, these types of high total limestone are the most observed in the majority of steppe and arid soils.

Growth and Mineral Nutrition in Salt Stressed Guava ( Psidium guajava L.) cv . Allahabad Safeda

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ANSHUMAN SINGH ◽  
ASHWANI KUMAR ◽  
R.K. YADAV ◽  
ASHIM DUTTA ◽  
D.K. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Experimental Soil

Guav a cv . Allahabad Safeda w as grown in saline soils and irrigated with the best av ailable w ater -1 -1 + -1 (EC 2.8 dS m ). Based on chemical composition (pH- 7.1, EC - 2.8 dS m , Na - 20.04 meq l and IW IW sodium adsorption ratio- 4.86), irrigation w ater w as categorized as marginally saline. The soil pH 2 -1 w as mostly below 8.5 but mean electrical conductivity (EC ) v alues ranged from 0.5-2 dS m 2 indicating moderate to high salinity in the experimental soil. After one-y ear of experimentation, fiv e plants randomly selected from each treatment and the data w ere recorded. Plant height -1 -1 significantly increased (LSD 5%) with increase in salinity from 0.5 dS m to 1.4 dS m . A similar -1 trend w as noted with respect to stem girth. The av erage plant height at 0.5, 0.9 and 1.4 dS m salinity lev els w as 98.3 cm, 108.3 cm and 123 cm, respectiv ely whereas the corresponding stem girth v alues -1 w ere 2.24 cm, 2.28 cm and 2.46 cm. At 2 dS m salinity ,how ev er , both av erage plant height (94.6 cm) and stem girth (2.24 cm) significantly decreased and w ere found to be comparable to control (0.5 dS -1 + -1 m ) v alues. Plants show ed negligible Na accumulation in leav es up to 1.4 dS m salinity , but -1 + exposure to elev ated salinity (2 dS m ) significantly increased leaf Na (0.16% DW). These data -1 indicated a salinity tolerance (EC )threshold of about 1.5 dS m inguav a cultiv ar Allahabad Safeda.

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