Changes in soils irrigated with saline groundwater containing excess bicarbonate

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
Changes In Soil Properties ◽  
Gypsum Application

Changes in soil properties caused by irrigation with saline groundwater (approx. 2 dS/m) containing excess bicarbonate were measured on Vertosols and Sodosols in the West Wimmera, Victoria, Australia. Irrigation caused soil pH to increase, and where this had risen sufficiently (approx. 8.0), the sodium absorption ratio (SAR) of 1 : 5 soil extracts also increased, presumably due to precipitation of calcium and magnesium carbonates. Salt only accumulated when the SAR of 1 : 5 soil extracts was high. In contrast to previous studies, SAR of the soil extracts was not correlated with exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of the exchange complex, nor with soil pH. SAR values rose with irrigation once pH exceeded 8, suggesting that carbonate formation was incomplete due to insufficient bicarbonate. The results imply that gypsum application may ameliorate soil properties even if amounts applied are not sufficient to alter ESP.

Forage Yield of Sorghum and Winter Clovers as Affected by Biological and Chemical Reclamation of a Highly Alkaline Soil

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Lalita Batra ◽  
R. Chhabra
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Leptochloa Fusca ◽  
Good Substitute ◽  
Trifolium Resupinatum ◽  
Gypsum Application

SUMMARYA field experiment was conducted on a highly alkaline soil (pH 10.6, exchangeable sodium 95%) to compare biological reclamation using Leptochloa fusca with chemical reclamation using gypsum. Rice gave satisfactory yields in the first year of gypsum application but sorghum and Sesbania gave extremely poor yields. The yield of Leptochloa was not affected by gypsum application. Trifolium resupinatum yielded more than T. alexandrinum when sown in the winter season. The green forage yield of sorghum was greatest when the sorghum followed Leptochloa grown for two years, with the harvested grass allowed to decompose on the site. The results show that biological reclamation with Leptochloa is a good substitute for chemical reclamation with gypsum.

scholarly journals Combined Application of Rice Husk Biochar and Lime Increases Phosphorus Availability and Maize Yield in an Acidic Soil

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 793
Author(s):  
Mehnaz Mosharrof ◽  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus Sulaiman ◽  
Shamim Mia ◽  
Shordar M. Shamsuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar ◽  
Changes In Soil Properties

Biochar, a pyrogenic carbon, has been receiving incremental attention for potential contribution to soil health, agricultural productivity enhancement while mitigating climate change by sequestering carbon and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, it is not well-known to us how far rice husk biochar (RHB) application rates could increase phosphorus (P) bioavailability and plant performance when co-applied with P and lime. Here, we present data of a pot experiment consisting of eleven treatments to evaluate RHB, lime, and phosphorus effect on soil phosphorus availability, CO2 emission, nutrient uptake, and yield performance of maize. Co-application of RHB (10 and 15 t ha−1) and lime (100% and 75%) was made with different rates of P (100%, 75%, and 50%). Our result revealed that, at harvest, the combined application of RHB, lime, and phosphorus fertilizer significantly increased soil pH, P availability and decreased Al and Fe toxicity relative to the control while increasing maize yield. The maximum soil pH increased by 36.75%, the highest available P increased by 158.75%, whilst, the exchangeable Al content reduced by 96.84% compared to the control treatment. However, the difference in biomass production and yield among different lime, RHB, and P were minimal, with the largest grain yield (15.50 t ha−1) was recorded in the T6 treatments (75% lime + 10 t ha−1 RHB + 100% Triple superphosphate). The increment in biomass and grain yield could have occurred due to lime and RHB mediated changes in soil properties, including enhancement of soil pH, availability of P, and other nutrients. This increased availability then increased nutrient uptake and biomass production. Our results suggest that the combined application of lime and RHB could bring favorable changes in soil properties while sacrificing some carbon from soils.

The effect of gypsum on cation exchange in two red duplex soils

Soil Research ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
RSB Greene ◽  
GW Ford
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Exchangeable Magnesium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Changes In Soil Properties

Gypsum at rates of up to 15 t ha-1 was applied to the surface 10 cm of two red duplex soils in northern Victoria. At both sites, approximately five years after application, the following changes in soil properties were established: 1. Only when 15 t ha-1 of gypsum was applied was exchangeable sodium in the upper 25 cm significantly decreased. 2. Exchangeable magnesium was not decreased at depths greater than 15 cm. After five years only the 15 t ha-1 treatments still contained some undissolved gypsum in the A horizon. Of the gypsum that had dissolved, 53% had been involved in exchange. This represented an efficiency of exchange of 26-34%, based on the ratio of sodium replaced to calcium dissolved. At both sites over this five-year period, the mean solubility of gypsum from the 15 t ha-1 treatment was 120-130 mm of rainfall per t of gypsum.

scholarly journals Corn and Rice Cultivation Affect Soil Organic and Inorganic Carbon Storage through Altering Soil Properties in Alkali Sodic Soils, Northeast of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1627
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Jie Tang ◽  
Zhaoyang Li ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Crop Cultivation

Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) play essential roles in carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems; however, the effects of crop cultivation on them are still poorly understood, especially in alkali sodic soils widely distributed in semiarid regions. Alkali sodic soils from cornfields and paddies with cultivation years of 5, 15, and 25 were analyzed here to assess the response of soil properties and soil carbon pools to crop cultivation. Soil pH and exchangeable sodium percentages decrease in accordance with cultivation years, while enzyme activity (amylase, invertase, and catalase) shows a contrary trend. Soil pH and exchangeable sodium percentages are negatively correlated with SOC, but positively correlated with SIC. Redundancy analysis reveals an obvious relationship between SOC and invertase activity. The percentage of δ13CSOC found here is approximately –24.78‰ to –22.97‰ for cornfields and approximately –26.54‰ to –23.81‰ for paddies, suggesting that crop cultivation contributes to SOC sequestration and stocking, increasing with cultivation years. The percentage of δ13CSIC found here is approximately 1.90‰ to 3.73‰, proving that lithogenic inorganic carbon is the major SIC, where the stock decreases with increasing cultivation years. Significant total carbon stock loss is observed in cornfields, while it is preserved at 120 Mg ha−1 in paddies. We conclude here from the results that corn and rice cultivation reduce alkali sodic conditions in soil, thereby improving soil enzymes and favoring SOC stocking, but reducing SIC stocks.

scholarly journals Combined Application of Biochar and Lime Increases Maize Yield and Accelerates Carbon Loss from an Acidic Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1313
Author(s):  
Mehnaz Mosharrof ◽  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus Sulaiman ◽  
Shamim Mia ◽  
Shordar M. Shamsuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Changes In Soil Properties

Biochar, an ecologically friendly soil amendment, is suggested for large-scale field application for its multiple potential benefits, including carbon sequestration, crop yield improvement, and the abatement of greenhouse gas emissions. However, it is unknown how effective it is in changing soil properties and its associated yield improvement when biochar is co-applied with lime in acidic soil. Here, we examined the effects of two different biochars, i.e., rice husk biochar (RHB) and oil palm empty fruit bunches biochar (EFBB), and lime on nutrient availability, the yield of maize, and soil CO2 emission of acid soil. Biochars were applied at two different rates (10 and 15 t ha−1) in combination with two rates of lime (100% and 75%), while the recommended rate of NPK fertilizers, 100% lime, and without any amendments (control) were also included. Hybrid sweet corn was grown in pots with 20 kg soils for 75 days. Plant performance and soil analyses were performed before and after crop maize cultivation while CO2 emission was recorded. Compared to the control, combined RHB biochars with lime significantly buffered soil pH and increased nutrient availability (e.g., P by 137%), while reducing Al and Fe concentration at harvest. These changes in soil properties significantly increased maize yield (by 77.59%) and nutrient uptake compared to the control. Between the two biochars, RHB was relatively more effective in making these changes than EFBB. However, this treatment contributed to a greater carbon loss as CO2 (209% and 145% higher with RHB and EFBB) from soil than the control. We believe that biochar-mediated buffering of soil pH is responsible for this change. Our results suggest that combined biochar application could bring desirable changes in soil properties and increase crop performance, although these effects can be short-lived.

Effect of amendments and saline irrigation water on soil properties and yields of rice and wheat in a highly sodic soil

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Dubey ◽  
R. C. Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Saline Irrigation

SUMMARYA field experiment at Gudha Experimental Farm, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India, in 1983/84 evaluated the effect of gypsum (12·5 t/ha, 50% of gypsum requirement of soil), pyrite (10·2 t/ha, equivalent to gypsum on a sulphur basis), farmyard manure (FYM) (30 t/ha), gypsum + FYM, pyrite + FYM and a control, with saline (ECiW 4·0 dS/m) and non-saline (0·4 dS/m) irrigation water on soil properties and yields of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a highly sodic soil (pH 10·5, 96% exchangeable sodium). Application of these amendments enhanced the yield of both crops significantly, irrespective of the quality of the irrigation water used. Soil properties and crop yields were improved in the following order: control < FYM < pyrite < gypsum < pyrite + FYM < gypsum + FYM. Irrigation with saline water resulted in significantly higher yields of both crops than irrigation with non-saline water. Decreases in soil pH and exchangeable sodium and increases in exchangeable Ca + Mg and infiltration rate were greater after rice than wheat in the rotation, particularly when non-saline water was used.

scholarly journals Impacts of graywater irrigation and soil conditioning with mulch on cotton growth and soil properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080-1087
Author(s):  
Z. Sheng ◽  
S. Abudu ◽  
G. Ganjegunte
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Soil Conditioning ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Conditioning Treatment ◽  
Conditioning Control

Abstract Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the impacts of graywater irrigation with and without soil conditioning with mulching on cotton growth and soil properties in El Paso, Texas, USA. Treatments included in the study were: freshwater irrigation without soil conditioning (control, treatment T0), freshwater irrigation with soil conditioning (treatment T1), graywater irrigation without soil conditioning (treatment T2) and with soil conditioning (treatment T3) with four replications. The pH, sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and electrical conductivity (EC) values of the graywater used in the study were 8.19, 16.0 and 1.54 dS/cm respectively. Results showed that graywater irrigation did not have significant impacts on cotton growth and lint yield. Soil conditioning with mulch increased cotton yield significantly (p &lt; 0.05) compared with non-mulching regardless of water types. Graywater irrigation increased soil pH values significantly in the surface depth (0–15 cm), however, it did not have significant effects at greater depths (&gt;15 cm). Significantly higher salinity and sodicity were observed in the upper 30 cm depths in the graywater irrigated mulched soils, while no changes were detected at greater depths (30–45 and 45–60 cm).

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