Influence of soil treading on sediment and phosphorus losses in overland flow

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 949 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. McDowell ◽  
J. J. Drewry ◽  
R. J. Paton ◽  
P. L. Carey ◽  
R. M. Monaghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Soil Sediment ◽  
Phosphorus Losses ◽  
Total P

This study investigated the effect of simulated cattle treading on soil infiltration rate (saturated hydraulic conductivity: Ksat) and macroporosity, and the consequent loss of sediment and phosphorus (P) via overland flow from a grassland and cultivated soil used for dairy farming in southern New Zealand. Treading decreased soil macroporosity and Ksat, and hence time to ponding, which increased the volume of overland flow. Mean suspended sediment concentration was greater in the cultivated treatments (0.076 g/L) compared with the grassland treatments (0.014 g/L). In the grassland soil, sediment and particulate P fractions in overland flow increased with treading due to increased soil disturbance and decreased protection from erosion by grass cover. In contrast, for the cultivated soil, sediment and P concentration and load decreased with increasing treading, due to greater ponding which decreased the erosive power of raindrop impact. Dissolved and particulate P fractions followed similar trends, although mean total P (mostly particulate P) was greater in cultivated treatments (1.07 mg/L) than the grassland treatments (0.64�mg/L). Relationships were generated between macroporosity and the loss of sediment and P, showing the wider application of macroporosity for environmental assessment than solely an agronomic measurement.

Cattle treading and phosphorus and sediment loss in overland flow from grazed cropland

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. McDowell ◽  
J. J. Drewry ◽  
R. W. Muirhead ◽  
R. J. Paton
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Sediment Loss ◽  
Particulate Form ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total P

This 1-year study investigated the effect of dairy cow treading on soil physical properties and sediment and phosphorus (P) loss via overland flow from pasture and cultivated soil used for wintering dairy cows in southern New Zealand. Treading decreased soil macroporosity and Ksat, and increased overland flow volumes. Treading increased mean suspended sediment concentration in overland flow in the cultivated + trodden treatment (2.6 g/L) compared with ungrazed pasture (0.44 g/L) and ungrazed cultivated (0.98 g/L) treatments over 2 slope positions. Following grazing in the cultivated + trodden treatment, only 25% more sediment was lost in subsequent overland flow events (2.09 and 2.63 g before and after grazing, respectively), and mean total P (TP) losses increased by >250% (from 0.7 to 2.5 mg P). Meanwhile in the cultivated but ungrazed treatment, sediment and TP loss decreased. The increased loss of sediment and P following grazing in the cultivated + trodden treatment was attributed to P from cattle dung, and soil disturbance. Consequently, wintering of animals on cultivated paddocks with forage crops increases the risk of losing much P, especially in particulate form.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS AMBIENTAIS E DOS INFLUÊNCIA DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS AMBIENTAIS E DOS ATRIBUTOS DO SOLO NA INFILTRAÇÃO DA ÁGUA EM ÁREA URBANAATRIBUTOS DO SOLO NA INFILTRAÇÃO DA ÁGUA EM ÁREA URBANA

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1029-1038
Author(s):  
Jéssyca Stanieski de SOUZA ◽  
Isabel Kaufmann de ALMEIDA ◽  
Glauber Altrão CARVALHO ◽  
Teodorico ALVES SOBRINHO ◽  
Cláudia Gonçalves Vianna BACCHI
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Flow Simulator ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the influence of the environmental characteristics and soil properties on the soil infiltration rate in urban permeable area. The experiments were conducted at nine sampling points located in the urban perimeter of Campo Grande, capital city of Mato Grosso do Sul State, in the Brazilian Midwest. The infiltration rates were determined using a portable integrated rainfall and overland flow simulator. Each experiment was repeated three times, and a total of twenty-seven plots were collected. At the same time, environmental characteristics and soil physical properties, that may affect infiltration rate, were also evaluated. The relationship between the infiltration rate, the environmental plot characteristics and the soil physical properties was verified using a linear correlation matrix.

scholarly journals Runoff on rooted trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1065-1085
Author(s):  
Owen Dafydd Jones
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Rainfall Rate ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Subcritical Case ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Overland Runoff ◽  
Idealised Model

AbstractWe introduce an idealised model for overland flow generated by rain falling on a hillslope. Our prime motivation is to show how the coalescence of runoff streams promotes the total generation of runoff. We show that, for our model, as the rate of rainfall increases in relation to the soil infiltration rate there is a distinct phase change. For low rainfall (the subcritical case) only the bottom of the hillslope contributes to the total overland runoff, while for high rainfall (the supercritical case) the whole slope contributes and the total runoff increases dramatically. We identify the critical point at which the phase change occurs, and show how it depends on the degree of coalescence. When there is no stream coalescence the critical point occurs when the rainfall rate equals the average infiltration rate, but when we allow coalescence the critical point occurs when the rainfall rate is less than the average infiltration rate, and increasing the amount of coalescence increases the total expected runoff.

Phosphorus Leaching Under Cut Grassland

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Turner ◽  
P. M. Haygarth
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Significant Mechanism ◽  
Total P

Phosphorus (P) transfer from agricultural land to surface waters can contribute to eutrophication, excess algal growth and associated water quality problems. Grasslands have a high potential for P transfer, as they receive P inputs as mineral fertiliser and concentrates cycled through livestock manures. The transfer of P can occur through surface and subsurface pathways, although the capacity of most soils to fix inorganic P has meant that subsurface P transfer by leaching mechanisms has often been perceived as negligible. We investigated this using large-scale monolith lysimeters (135 cm deep, 80 cm diameter) to monitor leachate P under four grassland soil types. Leachate was collected during the 1997–98 drainage year and analysed for a range of P fractions. Mean concentrations of total P routinely exceeded 100 μg l−1 from all soil types and, therefore, exceeded P concentrations above which eutrophication and algal growth can occur. The majority of the leachate P was in algal-available Mo-reactive (inorganic) forms, although a large proportion occurred in unreactive (organic) forms. We suggest that subsurface transfer by leaching can represent a significant mechanism for agricultural P transfer from some soils and must be given greater consideration as a potential source of diffuse P pollution to surface waters.

The Experiment Study on the Soil Infiltration Characteristics of Yumenkou Water Pumping Station Irrigation District of Regional Scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 661-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Hu Yuan ◽  
Gui Sheng Fan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Weight Content

This paper is based on an item of key problem of agriculture of Shanxi province through field test and indoor test. Capability of soil infiltration and soil moisture content,soil volume-weight,content of soil organic matter,soil structure were measured.Infiltration content and infiltration rate reflect the capability of soil infiltration. Ten points of Yumenkou irriqated area located in Hejin, Jishan,Xinjiang were choosed,which can represent the soil feature of this area very well.The study of soil infiltration will give the scientific reason for the rational determining of field irrigation technique parameter.

Geo-informatics based Morphometric Analysis of a Reservoir Catchment in Shivalik Foothills of North-West India

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 286-299
Author(s):  
Mahesh Chand Singh ◽  
Rohit Singh ◽  
Abrar Yousuf ◽  
Vishnu Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Alos Palsar ◽  
Bifurcation Ratio ◽  
Runoff Potential ◽  
Drainage Texture

The present study examined 35 morphometric parameters related to stream/drainage network, catchment geometry, and relief aspects for hydrological characterization of the Thana Dam catchment using geospatial tools and techniques. The dam catchment was delineated using the high-resolution Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS PALSAR) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data in ArcGIS 10.4.1 software using the Arc Hydro tools. The catchment is comprised of 4th order stream, obtained using a stream threshold value of 100 m length. The lower values of elongation ratio (0.61), circularity ratio (0.22), and form factor (0.29) indicated higher soil erosion potential, mainly due to their inverse relationship with land erodibility. Moreover, the higher values of stream frequency (15.7), drainage density (>5.0), drainage texture (7.48 km-1), and mean bifurcation ratio (4.08-6.33) indicated higher runoff potential, which would intensify the soil erosion, mainly due to their direct relationship with erodibility. Bifurcation ratio, elongation ratio, circulatory ratio, form factor, altogether indicated an elongated shape of the catchment with a fine drainage texture. The higher values of bifurcation ratio and texture ratio of the catchment also indicated severe overland flow (low infiltration rate) with a limited scope for groundwater recharge in the area, which in turn might significantly encourage the soil erosion. Overall, it was concluded that the catchment has a huge runoff potential resulting in high soil erosion due to its fine texture, impermeable subsurface material, steep slope, low infiltration rate, limited vegetation, longer duration of overland flow, and higher surface runoff. The morphometric analysis was found to be suitable for identifying catchment shape and the factors affecting hydrologic conditions and erodibility of the catchment. Thus, Geo-informatics based morphometric analysis of a reservoir catchment can be useful to study the erosion potential in relation to hydrologic (rainfall-runoff relationship) and other related land characteristics (e.g., relief, slope, infiltration rate, etc.).

scholarly journals Karakteristik Tanah Longsor di Daerah Aliran Sungai Tangka

2018 ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Arsyad ◽  
Roland Alexander Barkey ◽  
Wahyuni Wahyuni ◽  
Karla Kembongallo Matandung
Keyword(s):  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Soil Weathering ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
Open Land ◽  
Landslide Slope ◽  
Steep Slopes

Landslides occur as a result of ground movement on steep slopes, and the high humidity (moisture), and the sparse vegetation (open land). The Local conditions is an interrelated components. The process of landslides can be explained that the water soak into the soil will add weight to the ground. If the water penetrates the soil acts as a watertight sliding plane, the ground becomes slippery and soil weathering on it will move to follow the slope. This study aims to determine the type of landslide, landslide characteristics and landslides causing factors. This research was conducted in September 2015 in Watershed Tangka. The study consisted of three stages, namely the determination of the coordinates of the location of the landslide, landslide determining the location of the sample, the determination of the type of landslide, slope measurements, measurements of the dimensions of landslide and infiltration. Research results obtained are the coordinates of the location of as many as 17 points landslide, landslide types of translation and rotation, land cover and soil texture. There is no difference in the type of soil, infiltration rate, vegetation, geologi, slope and rainfall in both types of landslide are found. 

A hysteretic model for rainfall-runoff of a simplifed catchment 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Flynn ◽  
Warren Roche
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Nonlinear Phenomenon ◽  
Hysteretic Model ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
History Of ◽  
Preisach Operator ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model

<div>The soil can be modelled as a porous medium in which the three phases of matter coexist and produce the emergent phenomenon of hysteresis.</div><div>Rate-independent hysteresis is a nonlinear phenomenon where the output depends not only on the current input but also the previous history of inputs to the system. In multiphase porous media such as soils, the hysteresis is in the relationship between the soil-moisture content, and the capillary pressure.</div><div>In this work, we develop a simplified hysteretic rainfall-runoff model consisting of the following subsystems that capture much of the physics of flow through a slab of soil:</div><div>1) A slab of soil where rainfall enters and if enough water is present in the soil, it will subsequently drain into the groundwater reservoir. This part of the model is represent by ODE with a Preisach operator.</div><div>2) A runoff component: If the rainfall exceeds the maximum infiltration rate of the soil, the excess will become surface runoff. This part of the model is represented by a series of two hysteretic reservoirs instead of the two linear reservoirs in the literature.</div><div>3) A ground water storage and outflow subsystem component: this is also modelled by a hysteretic reservoir. Finally, the outputs from the groundwater output and the overland flow are combined to give the total runoff. We will examine this model and compare it with non-hysteretic case both qualitatively and quantitively.</div>

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