The use of Ca-modified, brown-coal-derived humates and fulvates for treatment of soil acidity

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damayanthi Peiris ◽  
Antonio F. Patti ◽  
W. Roy Jackson ◽  
Marc Marshall ◽  
Christopher J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Brown Coal ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Over The Top

Previous workers have demonstrated the amelioration of soil acidity with Ca-saturated, at least slightly soluble, organic materials. This study investigated the effectiveness of a new source of such materials, the humate- or fulvate-rich products of oxidation (hydrogen peroxide) of Loy Yang brown coal. The products were characterised by physical and spectroscopic measurements and by elemental analysis. Two products, one approximately half fulvate (fulvate-rich), the other predominantly humate (humate-rich) were mixed with CaCl2 and then used to treat columns of an acid red podzol soil from Book Book, NSW. Leachate fractions were collected and analysed for pH, ionic strength, and concentration of Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Fe, and Al. After leaching (3 pore volumes), each soil column was sectioned and exchangeable Ca and Al contents were determined. The results were compared with those obtained from lime-treated and untreated columns.The Ca-fulvate-rich product was the most effective in lowering the exchangeable Al content of the soil whilst increasing exchangeable Ca and soil pH. About 90% of the reduction in exchangeable Al was due to loss of Al in the leachate rather than immobilisation. The pH increased over the top 15 cm of the column from 3.8 ± 0.1 to 4.5–5.4. The Ca-humate-rich oxidised product was less effective in ameliorating soil acidity, as expected from its chemical properties, but it increased soil pH (to 4.0–4.7) and exchangeable Ca in the top 6 cm of the column and decreased exchangeable Al in the top 12 cm. More of the reduction in exchangeable Al than for the treatment with Ca-fulvate-rich material was due to conversion to an immobile form. This material was superior to lime, which only gave significant improvement near the soil surface. The leachates from treated columns contained the same amounts of Mg, Mn, and K as a control, but more Fe was leached from treated columns, particularly that treated with the Ca-fulvate-rich product.

Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico. X. Pigeon Peas

1969 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-443
Author(s):  
F. Abruña ◽  
E. Rivera ◽  
J. A. Rodríguez-García
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Leaf Composition

The effect of various soil acidity factors on yield and leaf composition of pigeon peas [Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth] was determined in two Ultisols and one Oxisol. Pigeon peas barely responded in yield to soil acidity levels in the Oxisol, but responded strongly to variations in soil acidity in the two Ultisols. Yields increased from almost zero at the highest level of acidity (about pH 4 and 80% Al saturation) to more than 8 t/ha at about pH 6.0 with no exchangeable Al present. Yields increased with increasing soil pH, decreasing exchangeable Al content, and increasing exchangeable Al:Ca ratio. Yields were highest when pH was about 6.0, exchangeable Al was less than 20%, and exchangeable Al:Ca was less than 1.0. Soil acidity did not affect leaf composition, except that Ca content decreased with increasing acidity and correlated well with yields, ranging from about 0.5% with lowest yields to more than 1% with the highest yields. Number of nodules per plant was not affected by acidity factors, except at the highest level of acidity, at which no nodules were found.

scholarly journals Alleviating aluminum toxicity in an acid sulfate soil from Peninsular Malaysia by calcium silicate application

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Elisa ◽  
S. Ninomiya ◽  
J. Shamshuddin ◽  
I. Roslan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Ameliorative Effect

Abstract. In response to human population increase, the utilization of acid sulfate soils for rice cultivation is one option for increasing production. The main problems associated with such soils are their low pH values and their associated high content of exchangeable Al, which could be detrimental to crop growth. The application of soil amendments is one approach for mitigating this problem, and calcium silicate is an alternative soil amendment that could be used. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to ameliorate soil acidity in rice-cropped soil. The secondary objective was to study the effects of calcium silicate amendment on soil acidity, exchangeable Al, exchangeable Ca, and Si content. The soil was treated with 0, 1, 2, and 3 Mg ha−1 of calcium silicate under submerged conditions and the soil treatments were sampled every 30 days throughout an incubation period of 120 days. Application of calcium silicate induced a positive effect on soil pH and exchangeable Al; soil pH increased from 2.9 (initial) to 3.5, while exchangeable Al was reduced from 4.26 (initial) to 0.82 cmolc kg−1. Furthermore, the exchangeable Ca and Si contents increased from 1.68 (initial) to 4.94 cmolc kg−1 and from 21.21 (initial) to 81.71 mg kg−1, respectively. Therefore, it was noted that calcium silicate was effective at alleviating Al toxicity in acid sulfate, rice-cropped soil, yielding values below the critical level of 2 cmolc kg−1. In addition, application of calcium silicate showed an ameliorative effect as it increased soil pH and supplied substantial amounts of Ca and Si.

scholarly journals Column Study of Nitrate Downward Movement and Selected Soil Chemical Properties’ Changes in Mine Spoiled Soil as Influenced by Liquid Organic Fertilizer

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainal Muktamar ◽  
Sari Hasibuan ◽  
Dotti Suryati ◽  
Nanik Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Available P ◽  
Downward Movement ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Exchangeable Al

Open pit coal mining is common practice to extract coal from lithosphere. This system, however, will bring about soil degradation. Organic fertilization is an alternative to recover fertility of the degraded soil. The objectives of the experiment were to determine nitrate downward movement and change of selected chemical properties in the soil column and to compare the growth of lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) as affected by local based liquid organic fertilizer. Column experiment was conducted using mine spoiled soil from Taba Penanjung Sub-District, Central of Bengkulu District, Bengkulu, Indonesia located at approximately 364.5 m above sea level. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatments consisting of control, 75 and 150 ppm of local based liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). The treatment was replicated 3 times. Soil column was prepared using PVC pipe with diameter of 12.5 cm and length of 40 cm. Soil sample was put into the column and compacted by knocking the base of the column until the soil height achieved 35 cm. Lamtoro was raised in the column for 11 weeks. At the end of experiment, lamtoro shoot was cut and the PVC column was cleaved horizontally and soil was pushed out from the column. Soil sample was, then, sliced into 6 fractions, representing depth of 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-25, and > 25 cm. Fresh soil sample from each depth was extracted by distillated water and analyzed for NO3- N. Remaining of soil samples was air-dried for 72 hours, grinded with 0.5 mm screen, and analyzed for available P, exchangeable K, soil pH and exchangeable Al. The experiment indicated that local based liquid fertilizer significantly increased soil NO3-N, available P, exchangeable K, soil pH and reduced exchangeable Al. Higher rates of LOF caused increase in selected soil chemical properties but exchangeable Al. However, NO3-N was potential to move downward to deeper depth of the soil profile. Change of exchangeable Al, soil pH and exchangeable K was observed until 20-25 m depth of soil profile, but change of available P was detected only to 10-15 cm depth. Better soil chemical properties were followed by enhancement of lamtoro growth.

scholarly journals Determination of critical pH and Al concentration of acidic Ultisols for wheat and canola crops

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaha-Al Baquy ◽  
Jiu-Yu Li ◽  
Chen-Yang Xu ◽  
Khalid Mehmood ◽  
Ren-Kou Xu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Dry Land

Abstract. Soil acidity has become a serious constraint in dry land crop production systems of acidic Ultisols in tropical and subtropical regions of southern China, where winter wheat and canola are cultivated as important rotational crops. Regardless of other common existing concerns in acidic Ultisols of southern China, it needs to be investigated whether soil acidity has any effect on wheat and canola growth. There is little information on the determination of critical soil pH as well as aluminium (Al) concentration for wheat and canola crops. The objective of this study was to determine the critical soil pH and exchangeable aluminium concentration (AlKCl) for wheat and canola production. Two pot cultures with two Ultisols from Hunan and Anhui were conducted for wheat and canola crops in a controlled growth chamber, with a completely randomized design. A soil pH gradient ranging from 3.7 (Hunan) and 3.97 (Anhui) to 6.5, with three replications, was used as a treatment. Aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) were used to obtain the target soil pH levels. Plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of wheat and canola were adversely affected by soil acidity in both locations. The critical soil pH and AlKCl of the Ultisol from Hunan for wheat were 5.29 and 0.56 cmol kg−1, respectively. At Anhui, the threshold soil pH and AlKCl for wheat were 4.66 and 2.36 cmol kg−1, respectively. On the other hand, the critical soil pH for canola was 5.65 and 4.87 for the Ultisols from Hunan and Anhui, respectively. The critical soil exchangeable Al for canola cannot be determined from the experiment of this study. The results suggested that the critical soil pH and AlKCl varied between different locations for the same variety of crop, due to the different soil types and their other soil chemical properties. The critical soil pH for canola was higher than that for wheat for both Ultisols, thus canola was more sensitive to soil acidity. Therefore, we recommend that liming should be undertaken to increase soil pH if it falls below these critical soil pH levels for wheat and canola production.

scholarly journals Alleviating soil acidity through plant organic compounds

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson R. Meda ◽  
Marcelo E. Cassiolato ◽  
Marcos A. Pavan ◽  
Mário Miyazawa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Oil Seed

A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of water soluble plant extracts on soil acidity. The plant materials were: black oat, oil seed radish, white and blue lupin, gray and dwarf mucuna, Crotalaria spectabilis and C. breviflora, millet, pigeon pea, star grass, mato grosso grass, coffee leaves, sugar cane leaves, rice straw, and wheat straw. Plant extracts were added on soil surface in a PVC soil column at a rate of 1.0 ml min-1. Both soil and drainage water were analyzed for pH, Ca, Al, and K. Plant extracts applied on the soil surface increased soil pH, exchangeable Ca ex and Kex and decreased Al ex. Oil seed radish, black oat, and blue lupin were the best and millet the worst materials to alleviate soil acidity. Oil seed radish markedly increased Al in the drainage water. Chemical changes were associated with the concentrations of basic cations in the plant extract: the higher the concentration the greater the effects in alleviating soil acidity.

scholarly journals Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico. XII. Tomatoes

1969 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365
Author(s):  
Edmundo Rivera ◽  
José Rodríguez ◽  
Fernando Abruña
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Exchangeable Al

The effect of acidity factors of two Ultisols and one Oxisol on yield and foliar composition of tomatoes was determined. Yields were not markedly reduced by acidity in the Ultisols until pH dropped to around 4.6 with 45% Al saturation of the cation exchange capacity (CEC), and no yield was produced at about pH 4.1 and 80% Al saturation. In the Oxisol, tomato yields dropped steadily from 39.7 t/ha, when there was no exchangeable AI, to 17.5 t/ha at the highest level of acidity, pH 4.4 and 43% AI saturation. In all soils, yields were closely correlated with soil pH, exchangeable Al and Ca and Al/Ca.

Temporal variation in soil acidity

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Conyers ◽  
N. C. Uren ◽  
K. R. Helyar ◽  
G. J. Poile ◽  
B. R. Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Eastern Australia

Seasonal variation in the response of crops and pastures to limestone application has been observed on acidic soils in south-eastern Australia. Our hypothesis was that temporal variation in soil acidity related factors may contribute to this variable response. Soils from 4 annual pasture sites were sampled at least monthly for 3 years during 1988–1990 to monitor changes in pH(CaCl2) and in concentrations of exchangeable aluminium (Al) and manganese (Mn). The sites received no fertiliser or cultivation and therefore allowed for the estimation of natural temporal variation. Temporal variation in soil pH during a year ranged from 0 to 0·45 pH units depending on the site, soil depth, and the weather conditions. The larger changes in soil pH were associated with more extreme climatic conditions than normal, e.g. following the break of season after a hot, dry summer (autumn 1988) or during periods of above-average rainfall in autumn and early spring (1990). Temporal variation in pH was less than the spatial variability at the sites but greater than the long-term net acidification rate reported for the region. Temporal variation in the concentration of exchangeable Al ranged from 0 to 0·4 cmol(+)/kg during a year and varied primarily with the inverse of pH. Variations in the concentration of exchangeable Mn ranged from 0·05 to 0·35 cmol(+)/kg during a year. The concentration of exchangeable Mn increased over summer to an extent dependent on the drying of the soil. At the 2 sites with duplex profiles, maxima in the concentration of exchangeable Mn also occurred in spring, particularly in the warm wet spring of 1990. Soil tests for soil acidity therefore represent guides to probable risks of toxicity, as pH and the concentrations of exchangeable Al and Mn may change between soil sampling, sowing, and the period of crop or annual pasture growth. Such variations will alter the responsiveness of crops and pastures to lime.

Effect of Soil pH and Related Acidity Factors on Yields of Sweetpotatoes and Soybeans Grown on Typical Soils of the Humid Tropics

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Raúl Pérez-Escolar
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Base Content ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf N

The effects of soil pH and related acidity factors on the yields of sweetpotatoes, Miguela var., and soybeans, Jupiter var., were determined on typical Oxisols and Ultisols of Puerto Rico. The study revealed no significant effect of pH and acidity factors on the yield of the sweetpotato variety, which was quite tolerant to high soil acidity and exchangeable Al. Yields were similar to those obtained by other researchers who worked with other varieties. Soybeans, although relatively tolerant to high levels of exchangeable Al, were adversely affected when values surpassed 5.5 meq/100 g of soil in a clayey Ultisol. Exchangeable base content was directly related to soybean yield grown on a light textured Oxisol. Yields obtained are considered excellent. Highly significant correlations between soybean leaf N content and yield was found in the clayey Ultisol.

scholarly journals Comparison of Chemical Properties and Application as Acid Soil Amendment of Pretreatment Center Slag and Other Slags

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Suwarno . ◽  
Itsuo Goto ◽  
Hiroshi Masujima
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Converter Slag ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available P ◽  
Liming Material ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Bf Slag

Chemical properties of Pretreatment center slag (PTC-slag) were analyzed and compared to those of converter slag (C slag) and blast furnace slag (BF slag). PTC slag had a high EC value as well as citric acid soluble P and contained more Ca, Si, P, K, and Na but less Mg and Fe than C slag. Compared to BF slag, PTC slag contained more Fe, Ca, Mg, P, Mn, and Na but less Si, Al, and K. Although neutralizing value of PTC slag was lower than that of C slag, its ability to neutralize soilacidity was markedly higher. A pot experiment using Andisol from Tochigi Prefecture and komatsuna plant was carried outto evaluate PTC slag as liming material as well as P fertilizer. PTC slag, C slag, and dolomite were applied as liming materials and combined with super phosphate (SP). Addition of SP of 2.5 and 5.0% phosphate absorption coefficient (PAC) to PTC slag significantly improved the yield of komatsuna.This result, however, only apply for PTC slag adjusting soil pH to 6.5. Addit~ono f the same dosage of SP to PTC slag adjusting soil pH to 7.5 did not give significant effect. On the other hand, addition of SP of 2.5 and 5.0% PAC to C slag or dolomite significantly improved the yield for both C slag ordolomite adjusting. the soil pH to 6.5 and 7.5. Results of the experiment also indicated that P'TC slag and C slag significantly increased soil pH; exchangeable Ca, and Mg and improved available P, B, and Mn in Andisol. The magnitudes ofthese effects of the two slags, however, were difference. As compared to C slag and dolomite, PTC slag increased lower exchangeable Mg but higher available P. These results suggest that for acid soil amendment, PTC slag was better than dolomite and C slag due to the fact that this material supplymore P and B. Application of PTC slag as acid soil amendment will reduce the demand of P fertilizer, and even in high dosage can meet the P demand of komatsuna plant.

scholarly journals Spesiasi Aluminium Terlarut dan Sifat Kimia Ultisol yang Diameliorasi dengan Dolomit dan Lignit-Teraktivasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Fahmi Arief Rahman ◽  
Budi Nugroho ◽  
Atang Sutandi ◽  
Untung Sudadi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Soil Aluminum ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
High Al Content ◽  
Al Phytotoxicity

Phytotoxicity of soil aluminum (Al), both directly to the plant growth as well as indirectly through the increase of soil potential acidity, is closely related to the occurrence of various soil soluble-Al species. Amongst them, Al3+ and monomeric-Al species are the primary causes of Al phytotoxicity in soils with high Al content. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of soil amelioration with dolomite and base-activated lignite (BAL) on changes in soluble-Al species and other soil chemical properties, and vegetative growth of soybean (Glycine max Merr) on Ultisol of Jasinga (Al-dd 16,03 cmol(+)/kg). A green house experiment was conducted by applying a Completely Randomized Design with dolomite and BAL amelioration as the treatments, each with three levels of repectively 0, 1, 1,5 x exchangeable-Al and 0, 2,5, 5 tons BAL ha-1, and three replications. The ameliorants were incubated at field capacity of soil moisture content for one week before planting soybean for one month. Soil soluble-Al speciation was carried out using colorimetric aluminon method to determine concentrations of total soluble-Al, monomeric-Al, and polymeric-Al species. Monomeric-Al were further speciated into inorganic monomeric-Al and organic monomeric-Al species. The results revealed that only dolomite amelioration that significantly increased soil pH-H2O, pH-KCl, Ca- dd, Na-dd, and decreased exchangeable-Al concentration, except for those of all soluble-Al species that only showed a decreasing trend. Soil exchangeable-Al that was negatively and significantly correlated with soybean measure parameters were plant height, root length, total roots and shoots wet and dry weights, as well as Ca concentration. These results indicated that soil Al phytotoxicity evaluation could be relied on the result of routine analysis on soil exchangeable-Al concentration.   Keywords: exchangeable-Al, inorganic monomeric-Al, organic monomeric-Al, polymeric-Al

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