Lignin, carbohydrate, and amino sugar distribution and transformation in the tropical highland soils of northern Thailand under cabbage cultivation, Pinus reforestation, secondary forest, and primary forest

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Möller ◽  
K. Kaiser ◽  
W. Zech
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Amino Sugars ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Wet Chemical

Structure and transformation processes of soil organic matter (SOM) are extremely complex, but advancing our knowledge on SOM cycling is a prerequisite for a sustainable soil management. To get a better insight to this issue, we determined the vertical distribution of lignin, carbohydrates, and amino sugars in bulk soils and NaOH-extracts using wet chemical techniques. These results were compared with those obtained by solution 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy after alkaline extraction. Soil samples were taken under a primary forest, a secondary forest, a 20-year-old Pinus kesiya (Royle ex Gordon) reforestation established following 15 years of cultivation, and a cabbage cultivation site in northern Thailand. Significantly lower contents of organic C and N at the cabbage cultivation and reforestation sites indicated that the replacement of forests by arable land at the reforestation and cabbage cultivation sites about 30 years ago resulted in enhanced breakdown of SOM. This means that after 20 years of Pinus growth, reforestation did not lead to a significant build-up of organic matter in the mineral soil. With increasing soil depth the sites showed comparable decreases in soil organic matter, exhibiting a typical pattern of decomposition expressed by a higher degree of side chain oxidation, increasing carboxyl functionality, and a decrease of lignin-derived phenols and aromatic compounds. Microbial contribution to SOM was determined using the carbohydrate and amino sugar biomarker approach. The amino sugars were predominantly of fungal origin in the organic layer. In the mineral soil, bacterial amino sugars dominated and the relative contribution of amino sugars to SOM increased with depth. Comparison of results from wet chemical analyses and of liquid-state 13C NMR signatures requires that alkaline-extractable organic matter is representative for bulk soil organic matter. This seemed to apply to lignin-derived phenols and amino sugars but not to neutral sugars and uronic acids. Significant correlations were found for lignin-derived phenols with phenolic C (R = 0.74, P < 0.01) for the bulk forest site samples and amino sugars with O-alkyl C (R = 0.93, P < 0.001) for the mineral soil horizons, whereas the carbohydrate contents did not show any clear correlation. Therefore, we concluded that most of the phenolic C signal intensity might be attributed to lignin, and the enrichment of O-alkyl C with depth may be a result of bacterial resynthesis with a significant contribution of amino sugars.

scholarly journals Biomass of Coarse Woody Debris Following Fire and Clearcutting in Lodgepole Pine Forests

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Dennis Knight ◽  
Daniel Tinker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Micro Organisms

In forest ecosystems, the decomposition of coarse woody debris, woody roots, twigs, leaves and micro-organisms is a primary source of mineral soil organic matter. Primary productivity, the accumulation of nutrients, and other important ecosystem processes are largely dependent on the mineral soil organic matter that has developed during hundreds or thousands of years. Large quantities of coarse woody debris are typically produced following natural disturbances such as fires, pest/pathogen outbreaks, and windstorms, and make a significant contribution to the formation of soil organic matter (SOM). In contrast, timber harvesting often removes much of the coarse woody debris (CWD), which could result in a decrease in the quantity and a change in the quality of mineral soil organic matter.

scholarly journals The Use of Radiocarbon to Measure the Effects of Earthworms On Soil Development

Radiocarbon ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 892-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Stout ◽  
K M Goh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Fresh Plant

Δ14C and δ13C values for organic matter in forest and grassland soils, in the presence or absence of earthworms, indicate that it should be possible to quantify the effects of earthworms on soil organic matter by this means. Without earthworms, both in forest and grassland soils, plant debris tends to accumulate on the surface of the mineral soil and little organic matter is incorporated into or is translocated down the soil profile. Where earthworms are present, there is much more marked incorporation of fresh plant debris in the mineral soil. This is shown especially by the pulse of ‘bomb’ carbon and also by the δ13C values.

Sulfur forms in bulk soils and alkaline soil extracts of tropical mountain ecosystems in northern Thailand

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Möller ◽  
K. Kaiser ◽  
N. Kanchanakool ◽  
C. Anecksamphant ◽  
W. Jirasuktaveekul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Organic S

Sulfur, besides phosphorus, is crucial for the nutrition of plants on tropical soils. Its availability is closely related to the turnover of soil organic matter. To get a better insight into transformation of soil S forms during the decomposition of organic matter, we studied inorganic and organic S pools in bulk samples and alkaline extracts of soils under different land uses representative of the tropical highlands of northern Thailand. Samples were taken from a cabbage cultivation, a Pinus reforestation, a secondary forest, and a primary forest. Total S ranged from 483 549 mg/kg in the subsoil to 1909 376 mg/kg in the organic layers, which is relatively high for tropical soils. The major S component in soil was organic S, comprising 75–99% of total S. Organic S was significantly correlated with total S, organic C, and total N, indicating that there is a close relationship between C, N, and S cycling in soil. C-bonded S was the predominant form in the topsoils (35–99% of total S) but its presence decreased with soil depth. The maximum concentrations of ester SO4-S were found in the A horizons (128 49 mg/kg), whereas the concentrations of inorganic SO4-S were small in all horizons. Compared with the forest site, the cabbage cultivation site was strongly depleted in S. C-bonded S was more depleted than ester SO4-S. A comparison of the S forms in NaOH extracts with S forms in bulk soil and C forms as indicated by 13C-NMR spectroscopy showed (i) that the extracts were very representative of soil organic S fractions and (ii) that ester SO4-S was mainly associated with O-substituted aliphatic C. In contrast, C-bonded S seemed to be connected to more-or-less all C binding types. transformation of soil organic matter, sulfate.

Comprehensive assessment of precursors, diagenesis, and reactivity to water treatment of dissolved and colloidal organic matter

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Leenheer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Amino Sugars ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
High Yields

A comprehensive isolation, fractionation, and characterization research approach was developed for dissolved and colloidal organic matter (DOM) in water, and it was applied to various surface- and groundwaters to assess DOM precursors, DOM diagenesis, and DOM reactivity to water treatment processes. Major precursors for natural DOM are amino sugars, condensed tannins, and terpenoids. Amino sugar colloids derived from bacterial cell walls are incompletely removed by drinking water treatment and foul reverse osmosis membranes, but are nearly quantitatively removed by soil/aquifer treatment. When chlorinated, amino sugars produce low yields of regulated disinfection by-products (DBPs) but they produce significant chlorine demand that is likely caused by chlorination of free amino groups. Condensed tannins are major precursors for ,blackwater- DOM such as that found in the Suwannee River. This DOM produces high yields of DBPs upon chorination, and is efficiently removed by coagulation/flocculation treatment. Terpenoid-derived DOM appears to be biologically refractory, infiltrates readily into groundwater with little removal by soil/aquifer treatment, gives low DBP-yields upon chlorination and is poorly removed by coagulation/flocculation treatments. Peptides derived from proteins are major components of the base DOM fraction (10% or less of the mass of DOM), and this fraction produces large yields of haloacetonitriles upon chorination.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of Soil Organic Matter Fractions in Andosols in Northern Ecuador

Radiocarbon ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke H Tonneijck ◽  
Johannes van der Plicht ◽  
Boris Jansen ◽  
Jacobus M Verstraten ◽  
Henry Hooghiemstra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
Organic Horizons

Volcanic ash soils (Andosols) may offer great opportunities for paleoecological studies, as suggested by their characteristic accumulation of organic matter (OM). However, understanding of the chronostratigraphy of soil organic matter (SOM) is required. Therefore, radiocarbon dating of SOM is necessary, but unfortunately not straightforward. Dating of fractions of SOM obtained by alkali-acid extraction is promising, but which fraction (humic acid or humin) renders the most accurate 14C dates is still subject to debate. To determine which fraction should be used for 14C dating of Andosols and to evaluate if the chronostratigraphy of SOM is suitable for paleoecological research, we measured 14C ages of both fractions and related calibrated ages to soil depth for Andosols in northern Ecuador. We compared the time frames covered by the Andosols with those of peat sequences nearby to provide independent evidence. Humic acid (HA) was significantly older than humin, except for the mineral soil samples just beneath a forest floor (organic horizons), where the opposite was true. In peat sections, 14C ages of HA and humin were equally accurate. In the soils, calibrated ages increased significantly with increasing depth. Age inversions and homogenization were not observed at the applied sampling distances. We conclude that in Andosols lacking a thick organic horizon, dating of HA renders the most accurate results, since humin was contaminated by roots. On the other hand, in mineral soil samples just beneath a forest floor, humin ages were more accurate because HA was then contaminated by younger HA illuviated from the organic horizons. Overall, the chronostratigraphy of SOM in the studied Andosols appears to be suitable for paleoecological research.

scholarly journals Study of changes in carbon stock in primary and secondary forest in protection forest of Soya Village, Ambon City

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012078
Author(s):  
L Siahaya ◽  
L Pelupessy ◽  
Y D Komul ◽  
A Sahupala ◽  
T E Siahaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Protection Forest ◽  
Litter Biomass ◽  
Wet Weight

Abstract This study aimed to determine changes in litter biomass and the effect of changes in litter biomass on carbon stock changes in Permanent Sample Plots of primary and secondary forest in the Protection Forest of Soya Village, Ambon City, for three years of measurement. This study used a sampling method with harvesting/collection and using laboratory analysis, where the working procedure used the SNI: 7724 guidelines. The data taken includes the water content of litter, total wet weight, dry weight of the sample, and wet weight of the sample to calculate the range of biomass or organic matter and carbon content of litter organic matter. The results showed that the average value of water content in both primary and secondary forests decreased. The depletion degree was higher in the first year than the second and third year. The biomass content of litter in primary forests decreased from year to year for three years of measurement. It causes a decrease in the carbon content in the primary forest. In contrast, the biomass content in secondary forests increased from year to year and increased carbon content from year to year for three years of measurement.

scholarly journals Soil organic matter fractions, chemical attributes and aggregation under forestry and agricultural systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-468
Author(s):  
Cristiane Figueira da Silva ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Júlio César Fernandes Feitosa ◽  
Ariovaldo Machado Fonseca Júnior ◽  
João Henrique Gaia-Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter ◽  
P Content ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions

The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the conversion of forest systems to agricultural systems in the organic matter compartments, aggregation and soil chemical attributes, in the Atlantic Forest. The evaluated systems were: annual crop (ACr); perennial agriculture (PAg); pasture; and secondary forest early (SFES), medium (SFMS), and advanced stage (SFAS). Soil samples were collected at the layer of 0-5 cm depth and quantified the total organic carbon (TOC), C of humic substances, oxidizable C, granulometric fractions of soil organic matter (SOM), soil chemical attributes, soil aggregation and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP-total and GRSP-easily extractable) in different aggregate classes. It was observed a reduction of the TOC, particulate organic carbon (POC), humic substances and oxidizable C in the PAg and ACr areas comparing to pasture and forest systems. Moreover, the pH values increased whereas P content decreased in comparison with SFAS. As for aggregation, the PAg and the ACr decreased by around 35% and 20% the mean weight diameter of aggregates, respectively, compared to the average values found in the forestry systems, and 34% and 45%, respectively in relation to pasture. In general, GRSP-total were reduced by agriculture. Thus, it appears that the agriculture which has been practiced is altering negatively the soil chemical, physical and biological attributes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document