Effects of agricultural management on dermosols in northern Tasmania

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Cotching ◽  
J. Cooper ◽  
L. A. Sparrow ◽  
B. E. McCorkell ◽  
W. Rowley
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

Attributes of 15 Tasmanian dermosols were assessed using field and laboratory techniques to determine changes associated with 3 typical forms of agricultural management: long-term pasture, cropping with shallow tillage using discs and tines, and cropping (including potatoes) with more rigorous and deeper tillage including deep ripping and powered implements. Soil organic carbon in the surface 75 mm was 7.0% under long-term pasture compared with 4.3% and 4.2% in cropped paddocks. Microbial biomass carbon concentrations were 217 mg/kg, 161 mg/kg, and 139 mg/kg, respectively. These differences were negatively correlated with the number of years cropped. Greater bulk densities were found in the surface layer of cropped paddocks but these were not associated with increased penetration resistance or decreased infiltration rate and are unlikely to impede root growth. Long-term pasture paddocks showed stronger structural development and had smaller clods than cropped paddocks. Vane shear strength and penetration resistance were lower in cropped paddocks than under long-term pasture. Many soil attributes showed no significant differences associated with management. Including potatoes in the rotation did not appear to affect these dermosols, which indicates a degree of robustness in these soils. clay loams, organic carbon, soil strength, aggregate stability, land management, cropping.

Effects of agricultural management on tenosols in northern Tasmania

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Cotching ◽  
J. Cooper ◽  
L. A. Sparrow ◽  
B. E. McCorkell ◽  
W. Rowley
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Degraded Soil ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter

Attributes of 15 Tasmanian sandy tenosols were assessed using field and laboratory techniques to determine differences under 3 typical forms of agricultural management: long-term pasture, cropping with shallow tillage using discs and tines, and cropping (including potatoes) with more rigorous and deeper tillage including deep ripping and powered implements. Soil organic carbon in the surface 75 mm was 2.6% under long-term pasture compared with 1.1% in rigorously tilled cropping paddocks. Readily oxidisable carbon concentrations were 2.3 mg/g and 1.0 mg/g, respectively. These differences were negatively correlated with the number of years cropped, which we viewed with concern. Infiltration rate was greater and shear strength less in cropped paddocks compared with long-term pasture. Dry bulk density was greater and total porosity and macroporosity were less in rigorously tilled paddocks. Subsoil compaction was apparent in paddocks which had grown potatoes. Cropping was not clearly associated with smaller or less stable aggregates. A survey of farmers' perceptions found that they identified more healthy than unhealthy soil attributes under all management histories. Significant negative correlations were found between the number of unhealthy attributes identified in a farmer survey and laboratory-determined water-stable aggregates and mean weight diameter of dry soil aggregates. The effects of cropping are not associated with a broad range of degraded soil attributes on these Tasmanian tenosols. tenosols, sandy soils, organic carbon, soil strength, aggregate stability, land management, cropping.

Effects of agricultural management on Vertosols in Tasmania

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Cotching ◽  
J. Cooper ◽  
L. A. Sparrow ◽  
B. E. McCorkell ◽  
W. Rowley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
South Eastern

Attributes of 21 Vertosols in 2 different regions of Tasmania were assessed using field and laboratory techniques to determine differences associated with 3 local forms of agricultural management (long-term pasture, rain-fed cropping and irrigated cropping). Vertosols in the northern Midlands had better physical properties (lesser bulk density and penetration resistance, and greater porosities and water holding capacities), poorer nutrient status (lower pH, exchangeable bases, and extractable P) and better biological properties (greater organic carbon (OC), carbon fractions F1 and F3, and more worms) than south-eastern Vertosols. When adjusted for clay content, cropped sites had less soil OC than pasture sites at 0–75 mm depth. Readily oxidisable (fraction F1) carbon in the surface 75 mm was 3.6 mg/g and 6.9 mg/g under long-term pasture compared with 2.5 mg/g and 3.9 mg/g in irrigated cropped paddocks on south-eastern and Midlands sites, respectively. Soil organic carbon values were positively correlated with physical and chemical soil properties. Long-term pasture paddocks showed stronger structural development and had smaller aggregates than cropped paddocks, which had more larger clods. Vane shear strength and penetration resistance were less in rainfed cropped paddocks compared with long-term pasture but this effect was not apparent on irrigated cropped paddocks. Farmers considered that a majority of their soil attributes were healthy under all management histories but strategies for maintaining organic matter levels and minimising clod formation by tillage are essential for long-term sustainable use of these Vertosols.

Effects of agricultural management on sodosols in northern Tasmania

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Cotching ◽  
J. Cooper ◽  
L. A. Sparrow ◽  
B. E. McCorkell ◽  
W. Rowley
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Attributes

Attributes of 25 Tasmanian sodosols were assessed using field and laboratory techniques to determine changes associated with 4 typical forms of agricultural management [long-term pasture, cropping with shallow tillage using discs and tines, cropping (including potatoes) with more rigorous and deeper tillage including deep ripping and powered implements, and cropping (including potatoes) where the potatoes were harvested when the soil was wet]. Soil organic carbon in the top 150 mm was 2.7% under long-term pasture compared with 1.8% in rigorously tilled cropping paddocks, and microbial biomass C values were 194 and 129 mg/kg, respectively. Readily oxidisable organic C concentrations were 1.8 mg/g and 1.3 mg/g, respectively. Infiltration rate was greater in paddocks with shallow tillage cropping than long-term pasture but was 43% less in paddocks which had grown potatoes and 70% less after a wet potato harvest. Dry aggregate-size showed no change under shallow tillage cropping compared with long-term pasture but decreased significantly in more rigorously tilled potato cropping paddocks. Aggregate stability in all cropped paddocks was nearly 50% less than in long-term pasture paddocks, with values in intensively tilled potato cropping paddocks approaching relatively low levels. Colwell extractable phosphorus (P) increased with all cropping, particularly after potatoes. Lower organic carbon and poorer physical properties were associated with paddocks which had grown potatoes, which adds weight to the view that cropping rotation and associated soil management practices are critical for sustainable management of Tasmanian sodosols. Farmers were surveyed about their views of the condition of their paddocks. They identified more healthy than unhealthy soil attributes under all management histories but reported more unhealthy soil attributes when potatoes were included in their rotation.

Influence of agricultural management on soil organic carbon: A compendium and assessment of Canadian studies

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. VandenBygaart ◽  
E. G. Gregorich ◽  
D. A. Angers
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Native Land ◽  
Soc Stocks ◽  
Long Term Studies

To fulfill commitments under the Kyoto Protocol, Canada is required to provide verifiable estimates and uncertainties for soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, and for changes in those stocks over time. Estimates and uncertainties for agricultural soils can be derived from long-term studies that have measured differences in SOC between different management practices. We compiled published data from long-term studies in Canada to assess the effect of agricultural management on SOC. A total of 62 studies were compiled, in which the difference in SOC was determined for conversion from native land to cropland, and for different tillage, crop rotation and fertilizer management practices. There was a loss of 24 ± 6% of the SOC after native land was converted to agricultural land. No-till (NT) increased the storage of SOC in western Canada by 2.9 ± 1.3 Mg ha-1; however, in eastern Canada conversion to NT did not increase SOC. In general, the potential to store SOC when NT was adopted decreased with increasing background levels of SOC. Using no-tillage, reducing summer fallow, including hay in rotation with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), plowing green manures into the soil, and applying N and organic fertilizers were the practices that tended to show the most consistent in creases in SOC storage. By relating treatment SOC levels to those in the control treatments, SOC stock change factors and their levels of uncertainty were derived for use in empirical models, such as the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Guidelines model for C stock changes. However, we must be careful when attempting to extrapolate research plot data to farmers’ fields since the history of soil and crop management has a significant influence on existing and future SOC stocks. Key words: C sequestration, tillage, crop rotations, fertilizer, cropping intensity, Canada

scholarly journals Long-Term Effect of Soil Use and Management on Organic Carbon and Aggregate Stability

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neuro Hilton Wolschick ◽  
Fabrício Tondello Barbosa ◽  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Bárbara Bagio ◽  
Danieli Schneiders Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Long Term Effect

The effects of cultivation on the composition of organic-matter and structural stability of soils

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 975 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Golchin ◽  
P Clarke ◽  
JM Oades ◽  
JO Skjemstad
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Dispersible Clay ◽  
Different Soils

Soil samples were obtained from the surface horizons of five untilled sites and adjacent sites under short- and long-term cultivation. The soil samples were fractionated based on density and organic materials were concentrated in various fractions which enabled comparative chemical composition of the organic materials in cultivated and uncultivated sites by solid-state C-13 CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. Changes in the nature of organic carbon with cultivation were different in different soils and resulted from variations in the chemistry of carbon inputs to the soils and a greater extent of decomposition of organic materials in cultivated soils. Differences in the chemical composition of organic carbon between cultivated and uncultivated soils resided mostly in organic materials occluded within aggregates, whereas the chemistry of organic matter associated with clay particles showed only small changes. The results indicate a faster decomposition of O-alkyl C in the cultivated soils. Wet aggregate stability, mechanically dispersible clay and modulus of rupture tests were used to assess the effects of cultivation on structural stability of soils. In four of five soils, the virgin sites and sites which had been under long-term pasture had a greater aggregate stability than the cultivated sites. Neither total organic matter nor total O-alkyl C content was closely correlated with aggregate stability, suggesting that only a part of soil carbon or carbohydrate is involved in aggregate stability. The fractions of carbon and O-alkyl C present in the form of particulate organic matter occluded within aggregates were better correlated with aggregate stability (r = 0.86** and 0.88**, respectively). Cultivation was not the dominant factor influencing water-dispersible clay across the range of soil types used in this study. The amount of dispersible clay was a function of total clay content and the percentage of clay dispersed was controlled by factors such as clay mineralogy, CaCO3 and organic matter content of soils. The tendency of different soils for hard-setting and crusting, as a result of structural collapse, was reflected in the modulus of rupture (MOR). The cultivated sites had significantly higher MOR than their non-tilled counterparts. The soils studied had different MOR due to differences in their physical and chemical properties.

Predicting Agricultural Management Influence on Long-Term Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics: Implications for Biofuel Production

2011 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Gollany ◽  
R. W. Rickman ◽  
Y. Liang ◽  
S. L. Albrecht ◽  
S. Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics

scholarly journals Total and Active Soil Organic Carbon from Long‐term Agricultural Management Practices in West Tennessee

ael ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 180062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindhu Jagadamma ◽  
Michael E. Essington ◽  
Sutie Xu ◽  
Xinhua Yin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
West Tennessee

Soil chemical and biological properties affected by 21-year application of composted manure with chemical fertilizers in a Chinese Mollisol

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. H. Li ◽  
X. Z. Han ◽  
H. B. Li ◽  
C. Song ◽  
J. Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N

Li, X. H., Han, X. Z., Li, H. B., Song, C., Yan, J. and Liang, Y. 2012. Soil chemical and biological properties affected by 21-year application of composted manure with chemical fertilizers in a Chinese Mollisol. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 419–428. The effects of 21-yr of application of chemical fertilizers, composted pig manure (CPM) alone, and chemical fertilizers combined with compost on soil chemical and biological properties were investigated. Soil samples (0–20cm) were collected from a long-term fertilization experiment under corn (Zea mays L.) production in 2006, prior to seeding, at the corn tasseling stage and following harvest. Fertilizer treatments were: no fertilizer (CK), nitrogen fertilizer alone (N), N + phosphorus (NP), N + P + potassium (NPK), CPM, N + CPM, N + P + CPM (NP + CPM), and N + P + K + CPM (NPK + CPM). Long-term application of N alone resulted in a reduction of soil pH by 0.38 units and reduced the available P concentration compared with CK. An increase in soil pH was seen with CPM alone and NPK + CPM. Both fertilizers sources, singly and combined, increased the total N and available N concentrations. Total P and total K concentrations were greatest with the NPK + CPM treatment. All fertilizer treatments increased the soil organic carbon (SOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) at the tasseling stage. The NPK + CPM treatment showed the greatest increase in SOC (12%), LFOC (78%) and MBC (44%) concentrations, compared with CK. Soil enzyme activities (invertase, urease, acid and alkaline phosphatases) tended to be greater at tasseling than other sampling dates, with highest enzyme activities in the NPK + CPM treatments. These findings suggest that a long-term application of CPM combined with NPK is an efficient strategy to maintain or increase soil quality in Mollisols for sustainable agriculture.

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