Management of salinity and sodicity in a land FILTER system, for treating saline wastewater on a saline-sodic soil

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Jayawardane ◽  
T. K. Biswas ◽  
J. Blackwell ◽  
F. J. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Land Application ◽  
City Council ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Sustainable System

The FILTER (Filtration and Irrigated cropping for Land Treatment and Effluent Reuse) technique was developed to provide a sustainable system for treatment of saline sewage effluent on naturally occurring saline and/or sodic soils. Potentially, it can also be used to ameliorate soils that are salinised by inappropriate application of saline effluent on soils with impeded drainage. The FILTER technique involves using the nutrient-rich effluent for irrigated cropping combined with removal of excess water from the rootzone through a subsurface drainage system, during wet weather and winter periods when evapotranspiration demand is low. This paper describes the changes in salinity and sodicity in FILTER plots used for land application of saline sewage effluent on a heavy clay soil with restricted drainage, at the Griffith City Council sewage works site. The field experiments consist of trials conducted on four 1-ha plots, over an 18-month period. The pre-FILTER soil chemical characteristics and their changes with FILTER operations were measured. In addition, the volumes and the chemical properties of the effluent applied and subsurface drainage water passing through the soil were monitored. These data are used to explain the salinity and sodicity changes within the FILTER soils, and their potential effects on soil stability. Management options to minimise salinity and sodicity to provide a sustainable system are suggested.

scholarly journals Tomato Fruit Yields and Quality under Water Deficit and Salinity

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Mitchell ◽  
C. Shennan ◽  
S.R. Grattan ◽  
D.M. May
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Management Options

Effects of deficit irrigation and irrigation with saline drainage water on processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, cv. UC82B) yields, fruit quality, and fruit tissue constituents were investigated in two field experiments. Deficit irrigation reduced fruit water accumulation and fresh fruit yield, but increased fruit soluble solids levels and' led to higher concentrations of hexoses, citric acid, and potassium. Irrigation with saline water had no effect on total fresh fruit yield or hexose concentration, but slightly reduced fruit water content, which contributed to increased inorganic ion concentrations. Fruit set and marketable soluble solids (marketable red fruit yield × percent soluble solids) were generally unaffected by either irrigation practice. Water deficit and salinity increased starch concentration during early fruit development, but, at maturity, concentrations were reduced to < 1%, regardless of treatment. Higher fruit acid concentrations resulted from water deficit irrigation and from irrigation with saline water relative to the control in one year out of two. These results support the contention that deficit irrigation and irrigation with saline drainage water may be feasible crop water management options for producing high quality field-grown processing tomatoes without major yield reductions. Appropriate long-term strategies are needed to deal with the potential hazards of periodic increases in soil salinity associated with use of saline drainage water for irrigation.

scholarly journals Drainmod-Linked Interface for Evaluating Drainage System Response to Climate Scenarios

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-319
Author(s):  
Nidhi Adhikari ◽  
Paul C. Davidson ◽  
Richard A. Cooke ◽  
Ruth S. Book
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
System Response ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
The Future ◽  
Drainage Water Management

Abstract.This article presents the development of a drainage-climate interface that incorporates climatological data, crop drainage requirements, and drainage theory into a procedure for characterizing drainage system response under different climate scenarios. The drainage-climate interface is suitable for assessing potential county-level impacts of climate change on crop production, soil hydrology and subsequently on subsurface drainage design. Climate model projections from two general circulation models (GCMs), namely CCSM4 (Community Climate System Model) and MIROC5 (Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate), were used to create the climatological database for the drainage-climate interface. DRAINMOD was integrated into the Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) portion of the interface to simulate the performance of subsurface drainage systems in Illinois for the near future (2040 to 2069) and the far future (2070 to 2099) periods. Case studies were developed with the interface for Adams and Champaign Counties in Illinois for their predominant soil types. Hydrologic simulations from the interface were used to determine the optimal depth and spacing of tile drains that maximize crop yield for corn and soybean during the mid and late 21st century. Drainage water management (DWM) was incorporated into the drainage-climate interface to investigate the potential of DWM in the future climate scenarios to maintain water quality, reduce nutrient losses and minimize pollutant loading from drained fields by controlling the timing and amount of water discharged from agricultural drainage systems. Results from DRAINMOD simulations with MIROC5 show a significant decline in crop yield due to extreme heat stress. Corn yield in the future showed a severe reduction while the yield for soybean demonstrated a gradual decline over the years. DWM had only a minimal effect on future crop yield trends. The drainage-climate interface simulated subsurface drainage conditions and made evident the consequences of environmental conditions on crop physiological processes under scenarios of climate change predicted by MIROC5. Keywords: Agricultural system models, Climate change impacts, Drainage-climate interface, Drainage water management, Subsurface drainage, Tile drain depth, Tile drain spacing.

Subsurface Drainage Water Quality from Land Application of Swine Lagoon Effluent

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. Evans ◽  
P. W. Westerman ◽  
M. R. Overcash
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Land Application

scholarly journals Fate of Salmonella following application of swine manure to tile-drained clay loam soil

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashpal S. Malik ◽  
Gyles W. Randall ◽  
Sagar M. Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Swine Manure ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Loam Soil

Land application of animal manure is an important means of utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus. However, the presence of pathogens in manure and their occasional leaching into subsurface water has become a topic of concern during the past few years. This study was undertaken to determine the extent to which Salmonella anatum may leach through tile-drained clay loam soil on which swine manure has been applied. For this purpose, swine manure was experimentally contaminated with S. anatum and applied to three tile-drained plots in winter of 2001 while another three plots served as negative controls. Following rainfall events in the spring of 2002 the tiles started to flow and leachate samples of subsurface water were collected at various time intervals and tested for S. anatum. Salmonella anatum was not found to leach into the subsurface drainage water indicating that it was either retained in the upper layers of soil or did not survive over winter. The leaching of faecal coliforms and coliphages was also tested. Faecal coliforms and coliphages were detected in the subsurface water from both manure and control plots, indicating the ability of the tile drainage system to transport these organisms to groundwater as the water percolates through the soil. Additional temporal studies over a longer time period are needed to determine the survival and leaching of pathogens and indicators into subsurface water.

Concentration of Impurities during Melting of Snow Made from Secondary Sewage Effluent

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zapf-Gilje ◽  
S. O. Russell ◽  
D. S. Mavinic
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Potassium Chloride Solution ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Solution Field ◽  
Concentration Of Impurities

When snow is made from sewage effluent, the impurities become concentrated in the early melt leaving the later runoff relatively pure. This could provide a low cost method of separating nutrients from secondary sewage effluent. Laboratory experiments showed that the degree of concentration was largely independent of the number of melt freeze cycles or initial concentration of impurity in the snow. The first 20% of melt removed with it 65% of the phosphorus and 90% of the nitrogen from snow made from sewage effluent; and over 90% of potassium chloride from snow made from potassium chloride solution. Field experiments with a salt solution confirmed the laboratory results.

A WETLAND TO IMPROVE AGRICULTURAL SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE WATER QUALITY

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Miller ◽  
J. K. Mitchell ◽  
R. A. Cooke ◽  
B. A. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Drainage Water

scholarly journals Fall and spring seeding date effects on herbicide-tolerant canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Clayton ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
J. T. O’Donovan ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
L. M. Dosdall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Root Maggot ◽  
Crops Yield

More flexible and effective weed control with herbicide-tolerant B. napus canola allows for additional seeding management options, such as fall (dormant) and early spring (ES) seeding. Field experiments were conducted at Lacombe and Beaverlodge (1999–2001), Didsbury (1999–2000), and Lethbridge (2000–2001), Alberta, Canada, primarily to evaluate the effect of fall (late October-November), ES (late April-early May), and normal spring (NS) (ca. mid-May) seeding dates on glufosinate-, glyphosate-, and imidazolinone-tolerant canola development and yield. Fall seeding resulted in 46% lower plant density and nearly double the dockage than spring seeding. ES-seeded canola had 19% higher seed yield and 2.1% higher oil content than fall-seeded canola. ES seeding significantly increased yield compared to fall-seeded canola for 8 of 10 site -years or compared to NS seeding for 4 of 10 site-years; ES-seeded canola equalled the yield of NS-seeded canola for 6 of 10 site-years. Yield response to seeding date did not differ among herbicide-tolerant cultivars. Seeding date did not influence root maggot damage. Seeding canola as soon as possible in spring increases the likelihood of optimizing canola yield and quality compared to fall seeding and traditional spring seeding dates. Key words: Dormant seeding, seeding management, root maggot, herbicide-resistant crops, yield components, operational diversity

scholarly journals Advances and Challenging Issues in Subsurface Drainage Module Technology and BIOECODS: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 07005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrasheed Sa'id Abdurrasheed ◽  
Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof ◽  
Husna Bt Takaijudin ◽  
Aminuddin Ab. Ghani ◽  
Muhammad Mujahid Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Flow Attenuation ◽  
Permeability Rate ◽  
Over Time

Subsurface drainage modules are important components of the Bio-ecological Drainage System (BIOECODS) which is a system designed to manage stormwater quantity and quality using constructed grass swales, subsurface modules, dry and wet ponds. BIOECODS is gradually gaining attention as one of the most ecologically sustainable solutions to the frequent flash floods in Malaysia and the rest of the world with a focus on the impact of the subsurface modules to the effectiveness of the system. Nearly two decades of post-construction research in the BIOECODS technology, there is need to review findings and areas of improvement in the system. Thus, this study highlighted the key advances and challenges in these subsurface drainage modules through an extensive review of related literature. From the study, more work is required on the hydraulic characteristics, flow attenuation and direct validation methods between field, laboratory, and numerical data. Also, there is concern over the loss of efficiency during the design life especially the infiltration capacity of the module, the state of the geotextile and hydronet over time. It is recommended for the sake of higher performance, that there should be an onsite methodology to assess the permeability, rate of clogging and condition of the geotextile as well as the hydronet over time.

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