Differences in sorption behaviour of carbaryl and phosalone in soils from Australia, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 893 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ahmad ◽  
R. S. Kookana ◽  
A. M. Alston ◽  
R. H. Bromilow
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Sorption Behaviour ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
D Values ◽  
The Uk

Sorption of 2 nonionic pesticides, carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) and phosalone (S-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-oxobenzoxazol-3-ylmethyl O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate), was investigated for 48 soils from Australia, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom. A wide variation in sorption affinities of the soils to carbaryl and phosalone was observed. The sorption coefficient (K d) values for carbaryl ranged from 0.19 to 23.0 L/kg in Australian soils, from 0.99 to 59.7 L/kg in Pakistani soils, and from 1.09 to 23.0 L/kg in the UK soils. The K d values for phosalone ranged from 4.8 to 443 L/kg in Australian soils, from 15.5 to 1182 L/kg in Pakistani soils, and from 18.1 to 205 L/kg in the UK soils. To eliminate the effect of variation in organic carbon content among the soils, the K d values were normalised to the fraction of soil organic carbon (K oc ). However, K oc values for both pesticides varied by about an order of magnitude across the soils, decreasing in the following order: Pakistani > Australian > UK soils. Correlation between K d and organic carbon content of the soils was poor (r 2 = 0.44 and 0.46). The particulate organic C (53 µm–2 mm) was only slightly better correlated with K d than the total organic C in the <2 mm fraction of the soils. Thus soil organic C content alone is not a good predictor of sorption even for nonionic pesticides such as carbaryl and phosalone. Caution is needed during extrapolation of overseas data to predict sorption under local conditions.

Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus storage in subtropical seagrass meadows: examples from Florida Bay and Shark Bay

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Fourqurean ◽  
Gary A. Kendrick ◽  
Laurel S. Collins ◽  
Randolph M. Chambers ◽  
Mathew A. Vanderklift
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Florida Bay ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Shark Bay ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
C Storage

Seagrass meadows in Florida Bay and Shark Bay contain substantial stores of both organic carbon and nutrients. Soils from both systems are predominantly calcium carbonate, with an average of 82.1% CaCO3 in Florida Bay compared with 71.3% in Shark Bay. Soils from Shark Bay had, on average, 21% higher organic carbon content and 35% higher phosphorus content than Florida Bay. Further, soils from Shark Bay had lower mean dry bulk density (0.78 ± 0.01 g mL–1) than those from Florida Bay (0.84 ± 0.02 mg mL–1). The most hypersaline regions of both bays had higher organic carbon content in surficial soils. Profiles of organic carbon and phosphorus from Florida Bay indicate that this system has experienced an increase in P delivery and primary productivity over the last century; in contrast, decreasing organic carbon and phosphorus with depth in the soil profiles in Shark Bay point to a decrease in phosphorus delivery and primary productivity over the last 1000 y. The total ecosystem stocks of stored organic C in Florida Bay averages 163.5 MgCorg ha–1, lower than the average of 243.0 MgCorg ha–1 for Shark Bay; but these values place Shark and Florida Bays among the global hotspots for organic C storage in coastal ecosystems.

Extraction of compounds associated with water repellency in sandy soils of different origin

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Doerr ◽  
C. T. Llewellyn ◽  
P. Douglas ◽  
C. P. Morley ◽  
K. A. Mainwaring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Uk

After an initial evaluation of several solvents, the efficiency of Soxhlet extractions with isopropanol/ammonia (s.g. 0.88) (70 : 30 v : v; 24 h) in extracting compounds associated with water repellency in sandy soils was examined using a range of repellent and wettable control soils (n = 15 and 4) from Australia, Greece, Portugal, The Netherlands, and the UK. Extraction efficiency and the role of the extracts in causing soil water repellency was examined by determining extract mass, sample organic carbon content and water repellency (after drying at 20°C and 105°C) pre- and post-extraction, and amounts of aliphatic C–H removed using DRIFT, and by assessing the ability of extracts to cause repellency in acid-washed sand (AWS). Key findings are: (i) none of organic carbon content, amount of aliphatic C–H, or amount of material extracted give any significant correlation with repellency for this diverse range of soils; (ii) sample drying at 105°C is not necessarily useful before extraction, but may provide additional information on extraction effectiveness when used after extraction; (iii) the extraction removed repellency completely from 13 of the 15 repellent samples; (iv) extracts from all repellent and wettable control soils were capable of inducing repellency in AWS. The findings suggest that compounds responsible for repellency represent only a fraction of the extract composition and that their presence does not necessarily always cause repellency.

Influence of Grasscover in Restoring the Properties of Eroded Soils of Umudike, Southeastern, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Onwuchekwa Ojimgba
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Organic C

The influence of grasscover in restoring the eroded soils was carried out in Umudike, Southestern Nigeria. The use of grass has attracted considerable research attention with respect to forage production and erosion control. Little information is available on the influence of this grasscover management on soil physical and chemical properties. Four different grasses namely: Paspalum notatum(PN), Panicum maximum(PM), Axonopus compressus(AC) and Vetiver grass(VG)- Vetiveria zizanioid/es) were used in this study and their influence on eroded soil tested in two locations. This study has shown that the soils planted with the grasses gave significantly (p<0.05) higher results of the physical and some chemical properties than their adjacent open bare soil. In all the parameters considered in this study, the values obtained in soils under Paspalum notatum was higher than those obtained in PM, AC, VG and their adjacent bare soils(BS). The soils under PN had generally lower bulk density, higher total porosity and hydraulic conductivity than other grasses and adjacent open bare soil in both locations. The soil under PN proved best, outperforming PM, VG,and AC in stabilizing soil aggregates. Planting of PN on eroded soil significantly (p<0.05) increased the mean weight diameter from 0.77mm (BSPN1) to 1.31mm (PN1) and 0.82mm (BSPN2) to 1.48mm (PN2) for Locations 1 and 2, respectively. The relative improvement in Location 1 was in the order : PN1>AC1=VG1>PM1>BSVG1=BSPN1>BSAC1=BSPM1. Also, soils under PN had significantly higher values of pH, organic C and organic matter, total nitrogen and available P more than other grasses and their adjacent open soils. The magnitude of increase in Location 1 was in the order : PN1>AC1>PM1=VG1>BSVG1=BSPN1=BSAC1>BSPM1. Location 2 also increased in the same trend. The organic carbon content of PN increased from 0.73%(BSPN1) to 2.89%(PN1) and 0.88%(BSPN2) to 2.91%(PN2) in Locations 1 and 2, respectively. Also, the organic matter content of the soil increased in the same trend as organic carbon content.

Influence of Grasscover in Restoring the Properties of Eroded Soils of Umudike, Southeastern, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-50
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Organic C

The influence of grasscover in restoring the eroded soils was carried out in Umudike, Southestern Nigeria. The use of grass has attracted considerable research attention with respect to forage production and erosion control. Little information is available on the influence of this grasscover management on soil physical and chemical properties. Four different grasses namely: Paspalum notatum(PN), Panicum maximum(PM), Axonopus compressus(AC) and Vetiver grass(VG)- Vetiveria zizanioid/es) were used in this study and their influence on eroded soil tested in two locations. This study has shown that the soils planted with the grasses gave significantly (p<0.05) higher results of the physical and some chemical properties than their adjacent open bare soil. In all the parameters considered in this study, the values obtained in soils under Paspalum notatum was higher than those obtained in PM, AC, VG and their adjacent bare soils(BS). The soils under PN had generally lower bulk density, higher total porosity and hydraulic conductivity than other grasses and adjacent open bare soil in both locations. The soil under PN proved best, outperforming PM, VG,and AC in stabilizing soil aggregates. Planting of PN on eroded soil significantly (p<0.05) increased the mean weight diameter from 0.77mm (BSPN1) to 1.31mm (PN1) and 0.82mm (BSPN2) to 1.48mm (PN2) for Locations 1 and 2, respectively. The relative improvement in Location 1 was in the order : PN1>AC1=VG1>PM1>BSVG1=BSPN1>BSAC1=BSPM1. Also, soils under PN had significantly higher values of pH, organic C and organic matter, total nitrogen and available P more than other grasses and their adjacent open soils. The magnitude of increase in Location 1 was in the order :PN1>AC1>PM1=VG1>BSVG1=BSPN1=BSAC1>BSPM1. Location 2 also increased in the same trend. The organic carbon content of PN increased from 0.73%(BSPN1) to 2.89%(PN1) and 0.88%(BSPN2) to 2.91%(PN2) in Locations 1 and 2, respectively. Also, the organic matter content of the soil increased in the same trend as organic carbon content.

scholarly journals Prediction of Orchard Soils Degradation using Munsell Soil Color

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 338-343
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Color ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Orchard Soils

The soil organic carbon content played an important role in reducing soil fertility, then fruit yield and quality. Several studies in Mekong Delta, Vietnam area showed that soil of orchards was degraded after longtime constructed. The prediction of soil organic carbon in the fields at wider regions requires a large number of samples that are costly to analyze. The objective of this study found out the correlation between Munsell soil colour with the content of organic matter of the different orchard soils to predict the content of organic carbon from 52 orchard soil samples of the different ages of construction as soil degraded. A case study in Hau Giang province, Vietnam. The results showed that there was a complicated relation to soil properties. Soil colour has the same Munsell Hue, but there is different between Munsell Value and Chroma when the soil has at the same humidity. Organic Carbon content ranged from 1,32 to 5,6%. There was negative significant correlation between organic C content and Munsell soil color properties, such as with Munsell Value (r = -0,75** air-dry, r = -0,74** moist); Munsell Chroma (r= -0,55** air-dry, r = -0,66** moist). Since, Visual soil colour assessment is useful predictors of organic C content, especially for topsoil layers to predict the degradation of orchard soils. This study indicates that soil organic content can be predicted by using Munsell soil colours for visual field measurements on the old raised bed at the moist condition, which can be used for field soil fertility degradation recommendation. However, more study of pedotransfer function on other soils condition must be correlated for further recommendation.

TBE in United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Probable Case ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
South West ◽  
Louping Ill ◽  
The Uk ◽  
North And South ◽  
South West England

Until 2019, TBE was considered only to be an imported disease to the United Kingdom. In that year, evidence became available that the TBEV is likely circulating in the country1,2 and a first “probable case” of TBE originating in the UK was reported.3 In addition to TBEV, louping ill virus (LIV), a member of the TBEV-serocomplex, is also endemic in parts of the UK. Reports of clinical disease caused by LIV in livestock are mainly from Scotland, parts of North and South West England and Wales.4

Risk Transferin Public Private Partnership/Private Finance Initiative Procurement Documents:The Differencebetween The United Kingdom and Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Nooriha Abdullah ◽  
Darinka Asenova ◽  
Stephen J. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Private Finance Initiative ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Risk Transfer ◽  
Private Finance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

The aim of this paper is to analyse the risk transfer issue in Public Private Partnership/Private Finance Initiative (PPP/PFI) procurement documents in the United Kingdom (UK) and Malaysia. It utilises qualitative research methods using documentation and interviews for data collection. The UK documents (guidelines and contracts) identify the risks related to this form of public procurement of services and makeexplicittheappropriateallocation of those risks between the public and the private sector PPP/PFI partners and so the types of risks each party should bear. However, in Malaysia, such allocation of risks was not mentioned in PPP/PFI guidelines. Hence, a question arises regarding whether risk transfer exists in Malaysian PPP/PFI projects, whether in contracts or by other means. This research question is the rationale for the comparative analysis ofdocumentsand practicesrelatingtorisk transfer in the PPP/PFI procurements in both countries. The results clarify risk-related issues that arise in implementing PPP/PFI procurement in Malaysia, in particular how risk is conceptualised, recognised and allocated (whether explicitly or implicitly), whether or not that allocation is intended to achieve optimum risk transfer, and so the implications forachievement ofvalue for moneyor other such objectivesinPPP/PFI.

HIV and other STIs in the United Kingdom: further increases

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Health Protection Agency ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Living With Hiv

The Health Protection Agency Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre for England and Wales and others have reported that the number of people living with HIV in the UK has increased

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document