scholarly journals Nutrient characterisation and in vitro digestibility of grass and legume/browse species - based diets for beef cattle in Vanuatu

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Aregheore ◽  
T A Steglar ◽  
J W Ng'ambi
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

Some grasses, Buffalo (Panicum Coloratum), Guinea (Panicum maximum), Setaria (Setaria sphacelata), Embu (Panicum maxum), Elephant (Pennisetum Purpureum), Koronivia (Brachiaria humidicola), and Signal (Brachiaria decumben); and legumes/browses Gliricidia sepium, Glycine wightii, Green desmodium and Leucaena leucocephala grazed by beef cattle in Vanuatu were characterized for crude protein (CP), fibre fractions, macro and micro minerals (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc) and energy. Also in vitro digestibility study was carried out to predict the utilization of available nutrients. Data obtained were discussed in light of whether available nutrients would satisfy requirements of grazing beef cattle of different age and physiological function. The CP of grass and legume/browse species ranged from 7.9-17.8% and 10.5-23.9% respectively. L. leucocephala has a higher CP while Green leaf desmodium had the lowest CP content. DM and NDF were higher (P<0.05) in the grasses while CP was higher in the legume/browse species. Organic matter (OM) within and between the grass and legume/browse species varied. Mean concentrations of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in the grass species was 5.7 g/kg DM and 2.6 g/kg DM, respectively and this resulted in an average Ca:P ratio of 2.2:1 for the grasses while the legume /browse species had Ca:P ratio of 5.3:1. Ca was low while K was high in the grasses compared to the legume/browse species. Among the microminerals Cu was critically low in both the grass and legume/browse species. In vitro DMD, OMD and CPD between and within the grass and legume/browse species were not significantly different (P>0.05) from each other, however NDFD and ADFD were higher (P<0.05) in the grasses than in the legumes/browses. In conclusion, the results of these analyses and the in vitro digestibility study have provided information on nutrients that are adequate and/or inadequate in the grass and legume/browse species components grazed to sustain beef cattle production in Vanuatu. The very low concentration of Cu in both the grass and legume/browse species therefore demonstrates the need to supplement grazing beef cattle with mineral lick blocks to overcome its deficiency.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and in Vitro Digestibility of Five Heavily Fertilized Tropical Grasses in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
S. Tessema ◽  
R. E. McDowell ◽  
P. J. Van Soest ◽  
A. Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis

Samples from five tropical grass species: Guinea (Panicum maximum), Pangola (Digitaria decumbens), Congo (Brachiaria ruziziensis), Merker (Pennisetum purpureum), and Star (Cynodon nlemfuensis), were harvested during nine weeks at ages from 7 to 63 days in southwestern Puerto Rico. The grasses were fertilized at the rate of 4480 kg/ha per year with a 15-5-10 fertilizer. The crude protein content of all grasses exceeded 10 percent up through 28 days of regrowth. Grasses declined in crude protein from a mean of 18.1 percent at 7 days to 5.6 percent at 63 days. A narrower range was observed between grasses from 42 to 63 days. The five tropical grasses possessed high contents of structural carbohydrates, principally cellulose and lignin, which increased with age, except in Pangola grass. Silica did not change uniformly with age in any of the grasses while hemicellulose was characterized by marked fluctuations. Digestibility values were lower at all stages of growth than in temperate forages of similar ages. Cellulose was negatively correlated with in vitro digestibility in all grasses except Pangola. Lignin appeared to be the predominant factor in determining digestibility. The relationship of silica to digestibility varied between species, being positive in some (Guinea and Congo) and negative in others (Star, Pangola, and Merker). The grasses may be ranked as follows with regard to their chemical composition and digestibility: Merker > Congo > Star > Guinea > Pangola. Pangola grass, though lowest in in vitro digestibility, declined least with advancing age, thus maintaining a more constant quality for a longer period of time.

scholarly journals In Vivo and in Vitro Digestibility of Four Tropical Grass Species Growing at Ibadan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
F. O. Olubajo ◽  
V. O. Tenabe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Tropical Grass

Digestibility trials carried out in November and December, 1971 with twelve West African dwarf ram fed Cynodon nlemfuensis var. robustus; Cynodon nlemfuensis var. nlemfuensis: Pennisetum purpureum Schum; and Panieum maximum, Jacq, each at 4 weeks and 8 weeks of regrowth showed that the differences that may exist between methods and among treatments in organic matter digestibility were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Similarly, analysis showed no significant differences among animals or between periods within each treatment except for Cynodon  nlemfuensis  var. nlemfuensis where differences between period were significant (P <0.01). There were high positive correlations between in vitro and in vivo organic matter digestibilities as well as between in vitro organic matter digestibility and Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN).  It is suggested that in vitro organic matter digestibility can be used to predict the digestibility of these tropical grass species and, may be, other similar grass species.

Cell-Wall Constituents and In Vitro Digestibility of Napier Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum)

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1255-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Johnson ◽  
Javier Guerrero ◽  
Danilo Pezo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility

Seasonal changes in the nutritive value of grass species in Spinifex pastures of Western Australia.

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Holm ◽  
RJ Allen
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Exmouth Gulf

This study was undertaken to assess whether the nutritional quality of spinifex pasture lands is improved by buming to promote the growth of grasses other than spinifex. We selected two comparable sites in the Exmouth Gulf region of Western Australia; one had been bumt in late 1979 and the other had not been burnt for many years. On these sites we sampled the five grass species present, as well as Triodia pungens (soft spinifex) and Plectrachne >chinzii (Oat eared spinifex) on 10 occasions from March 1980 to April 1982. Plant parts were analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur content, and in vitro digestibility. None of the common grass species tested was more nutritious or more palatable than soft spinifex. It seems that little is gained from manipulating spinifex pastures through burning if the aim is to encourage alternative grass species. There is a need however for further studies into the importance of woody herbs and forbs in the nutrition of grazing animals on spinifex country and the effect of fire on these species.

scholarly journals Yield and nutritional value of BRS Capiaçu grass at different regrowth ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Pinto Monção ◽  
Marco Aurélio Moraes Soares Costa ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueria ◽  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The objective was to evaluate the productivity, chemical composition, ruminal degradability of dry matter and digestibility of BRS capiaçu grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) managed at five regrowth ages. A completely randomized design with ten replications was used in the BRS capiaçu elephant grass subjected to five cutting intervals (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days) in the summer, making a total of 50 plots with a useful area of 4 x 2 m. There were daily increases in the dry matter production in the order of 382 kg ha-1, with 49,859 kg ha-1 being produced at 150 regrowth days. The dry matter content and organic matter linearly increased (P < 0.01) at different regrowth ages. The crude protein content, in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber linearly reduced (P < 0.01) 0.037%, 0.196% and 0.256% per day, respectively. Potential degradability of dry matter decreased from 68.9% at 30 days to 44.7% at 150 regrowth days (0.194 percentage units per day). The rate of degradation of fraction B 'c' was not modified (P = 0.94), averaging 1.46% hour-1. In the cultivation of BRS capiaçu elephant grass in the summer season, in the northern region of Minas Gerais, the age for harvesting between 90 and 120 days of regrowth is recommended.

scholarly journals Sunflower cake in diets for beef cattle: digestibility, kinetics and in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de Goes ◽  
Luiz Henrique Xavier da Silva ◽  
Tatiana García Díaz ◽  
Antonio Ferriani Branco ◽  
Ana Lúcia Teodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Sunflower Cake

 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of sunflower cake replacing soybean meal in beef cattle diets on the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM), organic matter (IVDOM), crude protein (IVDCP) and the ruminal fermentation kinetics and parameters. The experiment was analyzed according to a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of four levels of sunflower cake, 0, 200, 400, 600 g kg-1, replacing soybean meal in the concentrate of beef cattle diets. The coefficients of IVDDM, IVDOM and IVDCP presented a quadratic effect with the addition of sunflower cake. The soluble fraction (fraction B) degradation rate and total gas production decreased linearly with the inclusion of sunflower cake. Values of pH in ruminal fluid were higher for levels 0, 200 and 600 g kg-1 sunflower cake. Sunflower cake can replace soybean meal by up to 280 g kg-1 in the concentrate of beef cattle diets, improving the in vitro digestibility of dry matter organic, matter and crude protein. Levels above 400 g kg-1 reduce ruminal digestion rate, digestibility and release of final fermentation products. 

scholarly journals Producción de metano y bióxido de carbono in vitro de pastos tropicales de la costa de Oaxaca, México

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-434
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Camacho-Escobar ◽  
Mónica Marcela Galicia-Jiménez ◽  
Edgar Ivan Sánchez-Bernal ◽  
Narciso Ysac Ávila-Serrano ◽  
Serafín Jacobo López-Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

Los pastos tropicales poseen baja concentración de proteína cruda y mayor fibra detergente neutra. Los pastos fermentados en el rumen, presentan diferentes valores de digestibilidad, concentración de ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV), producción de metano (CH4) y bióxido de carbono (CO2). Objetivo: determinar la composición química, caracterizar la fermentación y estimar la producción de CH4 y CO2 in vitro en pastos tropicales de Oaxaca. Materiales y métodos. Los pastos (0.5 g de materia seca): Cynodon nlemfuensis, Andropogon gayanus, Penissetum purpureum cv. Taiwán Morado, Penissetum purpureum cv. Maralfalfa y Panicum maximum, fueron incubados con 45 mL de medio para microorganismos anaerobios, y depositados en viales de vidrio de 100 mL mantenidos en condiciones anaerobias con CO2. Los pastos fueron inoculados con cinco mL de fluido ruminal de bovino e incubados a 39 °C durante 72 h. A las 6, 12, 24, 48 72 h se determinó la producción de biogás y la población de microorganismos. La concentración de AGV, pH y degradación de la materia seca in vitro (DIVMS) se determinaron a 72 h. A 24, 48 y 72 h se midió la producción de CH4 y CO2. Las variables se evaluaron mediante un diseño completamente aleatorizado utilizando cinco repeticiones por tratamiento, la comparación de medias se realizó mediante la prueba de Tukey. Cynodon nlemfuensis tuvo el mayor contenido de proteína cruda (P = 0.05). Las poblaciones de bacterias celulolíticas presentaron menor conteo en Andropogon gayanus así como en Panicum máximum (P < 0.05). Cynodon nlemfuensis, Andropogon gayanus y Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwán Morado presentaron menores concentraciones de acetato (P < 0.05), Pannicum maximum tuvo mayor concentración de propionato (P < 0.05). Pennisetum purpureum cv. Maralfalfa presentó la mayor DIVMS y produjo menor volumen de CH4 (P < 0.05), Cynodon nlemfuensis y Pannicum maximum produjeron menores volúmenes de CO2 (P < 0.05).

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