Renal impairment: an unnecessary barrier to HIV prevention

Sexual Health ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Jack E. Heron ◽  
Suzanne Rix ◽  
Rick Varma ◽  
David M. Gracey

The use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in combination with emtricitabine, prescribed for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), is highly effective at reducing incident sexually transmissible HIV infection among those at risk. TDF is associated with proteinuria, Fanconi syndrome and chronic kidney disease, and is not recommended for use in patients with an estimated creatinine clearance <60 mL min−1. There are currently no Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS)-funded PrEP options for patients at risk of HIV infection with moderate renal impairment in Australia. This report describes the case of a patient who acquired HIV soon after PrEP was suspended due to moderate renal impairment. The various clinical and regulatory issues this case raises are discussed.

Author(s):  
Jean-Charles Duthe ◽  
Guillaume Bouzille ◽  
Emmanuelle Sylvestre ◽  
Emmanuel Chazard ◽  
Cedric Arvieux ◽  
...  

HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective in Men who have Sex with Men (MSM), and is reimbursed by the social security in France. Yet, PrEP is underused due to the difficulty to identify people at risk of HIV infection outside the “sexual health” care path. We developed and validated an automated algorithm that re-uses Electronic Health Record (EHR) data available in eHOP, the Clinical Data Warehouse of Rennes University Hospital (France). Using machine learning methods, we developed five models to predict incident HIV infections with 162 variables that might be exploited to predict HIV risk using EHR data. We divided patients aged 18 or more having at least one hospital admission between 2013 and 2019 in two groups: cases (patients with known HIV infection in the study period) and controls (patients without known HIV infection and no PrEP in the study period, but with at least one HIV risk factor). Among the 624,708 admissions, we selected 156 cases (incident HIV infection) and 761 controls. The best performing model for identifying incident HIV infections was the combined model (LASSO, Random Forest, and Generalized Linear Model): AUC = 0.88 (95% CI: 0.8143-0.9619), specificity = 0.887, and sensitivity = 0.733 using the test dataset. The algorithm seems to efficiently identify patients at risk of HIV infection.


1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Nancy Shields ◽  
S. H. Salzman ◽  
M. L. Schindel ◽  
C. P. Aranda ◽  
R. L. Smith ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Southern African HIV Clinicians Society Consensus Committee

Background. The use of oral antiretrovirals to prevent HIV infection among HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) has been shown to be safe and efficacious. A large, randomised, placebo-controlled trial showed a 44% reduction in the incidence of HIV infection among MSM receiving a daily oral fixed-dose combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine (Truvada) in combination with an HIV prevention package. Improved protection was seen with higher levels of adherence. Aim. The purpose of this guideline is to: (i) explain what pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is; (ii) outline current indications for its use; (iii) outline steps for appropriate client selection; and (iv) provide guidance for monitoring and maintaining clients on PrEP. Method. PrEP is indicated for HIV-negative MSM who are assessed to be at high risk for HIV acquisition and who are willing and motivated to use PrEP as part of a package of HIV prevention services (including condoms, lubrication, sexually transmitted infection (STI) management and risk reduction counselling). Recommendations. HIV testing, estimation of creatinine clearance and STI and hepatitis B screening are recommended as baseline investigations. Daily oral Truvada, along with adherence support, can then be prescribed for eligible MSM. PrEP should not be given to MSM with abnormal renal function, nor to clients who are unmotivated to use PrEP as part of an HIV prevention package; nor should it be commenced during an acute viral illness. Three-monthly follow-up visits to assess tolerance, renal function, adherence and ongoing eligibility is recommended. Six-monthly STI screens and annual creatinine levels to estimate creatinine clearance are recommended. Hepatitis B vaccination should be provided to susceptible clients. Gastro-intestinal symptoms and weight loss are common side-effects, mostly experienced for the first 4 - 8 weeks after initiating PrEP. There is a risk of the development of antiretroviral resistance among those with undiagnosed acute HIV infection during PrEP initiation and among those with sub-optimal adherence who become HIV infected while on PrEP. Risk compensation (increasing sexual behaviours that can result in exposure to HIV) while on PrEP may become a concern, and clinicians should continue to support MSM clients to continue to use condoms, condom-compatible lubrication and practice safer sex. Research is ongoing to assess optimum dosing regimens, potential long-term effects and alternative PrEP medications. Recommendations for the use of PrEP among other at-risk individuals, and the components of these recommendations, will be informed by future evidence. S Afr J HIV Med 2012;13(2):40-55.


2019 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. S28-S29
Author(s):  
A. Beaudin ◽  
R.P. Skomro ◽  
N.T. Ayas ◽  
J.K. Raneri ◽  
A. Nocon ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias J. Weismüller ◽  
Christian Lerch ◽  
Eleni Evangelidou ◽  
Christian P. Strassburg ◽  
Frank Lehner ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S20-S20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Kamis ◽  
Kenneth Scott ◽  
Edward Gardner ◽  
Karen Wendel ◽  
Grace Marx ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Patients at risk for HIV generally do not have immediate access to PrEP. We hypothesized that by offering free, 30-day PrEP starter packs and navigation support during drop-in STD clinic appointments, individuals would be likely to initiate and continue PrEP. Methods Individuals aged ≥18 years presenting for drop-in appointments in the Metro Denver STD Clinic and indicated for PrEP were eligible for the study. Exclusion criteria were history of renal dysfunction, chronic hepatitis B (HBV), HIV, pregnancy, and indications for postexposure prophylaxis. Eligible individuals were provided PrEP education and offered a free, 30-day PrEP starter pack and navigation support for cost assistance. Participants were tested for creatinine, HBV, HIV, and pregnancy at enrollment, and navigated to an appointment for ongoing PrEP care. Participants’ medical records were reviewed for a minimum of 4 months after enrollment. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to characterize the study population and follow-up. Results From April to October 2017, 100 individuals filled a tenofovir–emtricitabine prescription (figure). Median participant age was 28 years, 98% were male, 53% were non-Hispanic White, 8% non-Hispanic Black, and 34% Hispanic. Median annual income was $24,000, 62% had health insurance, 26% had a primary care provider (PCP), and 50% had a recent bacterial STI. No participants had abnormal baseline creatinine or HBV. 77% completed ≥1 PrEP follow-up visit during the study period; 57% completed their first visit within 31 days. 56% completed a second follow-up visit. No HIV seroconversions were detected during follow-up. Factors significantly associated with attending ≥1 follow-up appointment were age ≥ 30 years, higher income, and having health insurance or a PCP at enrollment. In multivariate logistic regression, only higher income was associated with attending ≥1 follow-up appointment (median income for those with ≥1 follow-up visit vs. no follow-up: $24,960 vs. $14,000, P <0.01). Conclusion Providing immediate access to PrEP during drop-in STD clinic visits is a safe and feasible approach to initiation of PrEP care. Additional resources are needed to support PrEP continuity care, particularly for low-income individuals. Disclosures K. Kamis, Gilead Scienes: Research Coordinator, Research grant. S. Rowan, Gilead Sciences: Investigator, Research grant.


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