scholarly journals Factors associated with HIV and syphilis infection among female sex workers in three cities in Papua New Guinea: findings from Kauntim mi tu, a biobehavioral survey

Sexual Health ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Kelly-Hanku ◽  
Damian Weikum ◽  
Steven G. Badman ◽  
Barne Willie ◽  
Ruthy Boli-Neo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Modern Contraception ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Port Moresby

Background In this paper, factors associated with HIV and syphilis infection in three cities in Papua New Guinea are explored. Methods: Respondent-driven sampling surveys among FSW in Port Moresby, Lae, and Mt. Hagen (2016–17) were conducted. FSW who were aged ≥12 years, who were born female, who spoke English or Tok Pisin and who had sold or exchanged vaginal sex in the past 6 months were eligible to participate. Participants were interviewed face-to-face and offered rapid HIV and syphilis testing. Survey logistic procedures were used to identify factors associated with HIV and syphilis infection, including modern contraception use, physical violence and having a casual male partner. Weighted data analysis was conducted. Results: Overall, 2901 FSW (Port Moresby, 673; Lae, 709; and Mt. Hagen, 709) were enrolled in the study. HIV prevalence was 15.2% in Port Moresby, 11.9% in Lae and 19.6% in Mt. Hagen. Factors associated with HIV varied by city; for example, use of modern contraception in Port Moresby, experiences of physical violence in Lae and ever having tested for HIV in Mt. Hagen. No one variable was associated with HIV in all cities. Prevalence of syphilis infection was 7.1%, 7.0%, and 3.0% in Port Moresby, Lae, and Mt. Hagen, respectively. Factors associated with syphilis infection also varied by city and were only significant in Lae. Conclusion: The different factors associated with HIV and syphilis infection in each city highlight the complex HIV and syphilis epidemics among FSW and the importance of conducting surveys in multiple locations and developing local interventions.

Perpetration of Violence by Female Sex Workers in Papua New Guinea: ‘We will Crush their Bones’

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-122
Author(s):  
Angela Kelly-Hanku ◽  
H Worth ◽  
M Redman-MacLaren ◽  
S Nosi ◽  
R Boli-Neo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract There is a small but important body of literature on female sex workers’ (FSWs) violence towards others, but little of that focused on low- and middle-income countries. Drawn from a larger biobehavioural study of FSWs in three cities in Papua New Guinea, we analyse the interviews from 19 FSWs who reported having perpetrated physical violence towards four major groups: (1) ex-husbands; (2) clients; (3) other sex workers and (4) other people (mainly women). Our study demonstrates that FSWs’ use of violence arises from a complex set of social, material and gendered circumstances and cannot be addressed in isolation from other aspects of their lives.

Knowledge, attitudes, practices and behaviour of female sex workers in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea

Sexual Health ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Bruce ◽  
Ludwina Bauai ◽  
William Yeka ◽  
Mathias Sapuri ◽  
Louise Keogh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Port Moresby

scholarly journals High prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and transgender women in Papua New Guinea

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barne Willie ◽  
Avi J. Hakim ◽  
Steven G. Badman ◽  
Damian Weikum ◽  
Rebecca Narokobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Port Moresby

Abstract Background Papua New Guinea (PNG) has a tuberculosis (TB) case notification rate of 333 cases per 100,000 population in 2016 and is one of the 14 countries classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “high-burden” for TB, multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), and TB/HIV. HIV epidemic is mixed with a higher prevalence among key populations, female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender women (TGW). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional HIV biobehavioral survey (BBS) using respondent-driven sampling method among FSW, MSM, and TGW in Port Moresby, Lae, and Mt. Hagen (2016–2017). As part of the study, participants were screened for the four symptoms suggestive of TB infection using the WHO TB screening algorithm. Sputum and venous whole blood samples were collected and tested for pulmonary TB and HIV infection, respectively. Pulmonary TB testing was performed using GeneXpert®MTB/RIF molecular point-of-care test, and HIV testing was done following the PNG national HIV testing algorithm. All data discussed are weighted unless otherwise mentioned. Results Among FSW, 72.6%, 52.0%, and 52.9% in Port Moresby, Lae, and Mt. Hagen, respectively, experienced at least one symptom suggestive of TB infection. Among MSM and TGW, 69% and 52.6% in Port Moresby and Lae, respectively, experienced at least one symptom suggestive of TB infection. Based on GeneXpert®MTB/RIF results, the estimated TB prevalence rate among FSW was 1200, 700, and 200 per 100,000 in Port Moresby, Lae, and Mt. Hagen, respectively. Among MSM and TGW, the estimated TB prevalence rate was 1000 and 1200 per 100,000 in Port Moresby and Lae, respectively. Co-prevalence of TB/HIV among FSW was 0.1% in Port Moresby and 0.2% in Lae. There were no co-prevalent cases among FSW in Mt. Hagen or among MSM and TGW in Port Moresby and Lae. Conclusions Key populations have a higher estimated rate of pulmonary TB than the national rate of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB combined. This showed that screening key populations for TB should be integrated into HIV programs regardless of HIV status in PNG’s national TB response.

scholarly journals Considerable distance to reach 90-90-90 targets among female sex workers, men who have sex with men and transgender women in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea: findings from a cross-sectional respondent-driven sampling survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi J Hakim ◽  
Steven G Badman ◽  
Damian Weikum ◽  
Angelyne Amos ◽  
Barne Willie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Respondent Driven Sampling ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Port Moresby ◽  
Living With Hiv

ObjectiveTo characterise the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 90-90-90 cascade among female sex workers (FSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM)/transgender women (TGW) in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea (PNG).MethodsWe conducted respondent-driven sampling surveys among FSW and MSM/TGW in Port Moresby, PNG from June to October 2016. All participants spoke English or Tok Pisin and were aged >12 years. FSW had to be born female and sell/exchange sex with a male in the past 6 months. MSM/TGW had to be born male and have oral/anal sex with another male-born person in the past 6 months. Participants were interviewed and offered rapid HIV diagnostic and viral load testing. HIV viral suppression (VS) was defined as <1000 copies/mL.ResultsWe recruited 674 FSW and 400 MSM/TGW; HIV prevalence was 15.2% (95% CI 11.7 to 18.8) and 8.5% (95% CI 5.0 to 11.9), respectively. Among FSW living with HIV, 39.0% (95% CI 26.6 to 51.4) self-reported having been diagnosed; of them 79.6% (95% CI 62.7 to 96.5) self-reported being on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 54.1% (95% CI 31.8 to 76.4) achieved VS. Among MSM/TGW living with HIV, 24.4% (95% CI 4.7 to 44.1) self-reported having been diagnosed; of them 43.9% (95% CI 33.6 to 54.8) self-reported being on ART, and 86.1% (95% CI 71.1 to 93.9) achieved VS.ConclusionsART use among those aware of their HIV status is encouraging. However, the generally low awareness of infection status among FSW and MSM/TGW with HIV and the low VS among FSW on ART indicate an urgent need for innovative strategies to increase testing uptake and ART adherence among these populations. Monitoring drug resistance may be warranted.

Genital abnormalities, hormonal contraception, and HIV transmission risk in Rwandan serodifferent couples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin M Wall ◽  
Etienne Karita ◽  
Julien Nyombayire ◽  
Rosine Ingabire ◽  
Jeannine Mukamuyango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Female Partner ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Genital Ulceration ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Hiv Acquisition

Abstract Background We explored the role of genital abnormalities and hormonal contraception in HIV transmission among heterosexual serodifferent couples in Rwanda. Methods From 2002-2011, non-antiretroviral treatment using HIV serodifferent couples were followed and sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, family planning provided, and HIV-negative partners retested. Couples were assessed for genital ulcers; non-ulcerative genital sexually transmitted infection (STI) including gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis; and non-STI vaginal infections including bacterial vaginosis and candida. Multivariable models evaluated associations between covariates and HIV transmission genetically linked to the index partner. Results Among 877 couples where the man was HIV-positive, 37 linked transmissions occurred. Factors associated with women’s HIV acquisition included female partner genital ulceration (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=14.1) and male partner non-ulcerative STI (aHR=8.6). Among 955 couples where the woman was HIV-positive, 46 linked transmissions occurred. Factors associated with men’s HIV acquisition included female partner non-ulcerative STI (aHR=4.4), non-STI vaginal dysbiosis (aHR=7.1), and male partner genital ulceration (aHR=2.6). Hormonal contraception use was not associated with HIV transmission or acquisition. Conclusions Our findings underscore the need for integrating HIV services with care for genital abnormalities. Barriers (e.g., cost for training, demand creation, advocacy, client education; provider time; clinic space) to joint HIV/STI testing need to be considered and addressed.

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