Preconception reflections, postconception intentions: the before and after of birth control in Australian adolescent females

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lawson Smith ◽  
S. Rachel Skinner ◽  
Jennifer Fenwick
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
Pregnancy Intentions ◽  
Contraceptive Counselling ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pregnancy Avoidance

Background The relationship between pregnancy intentions and contraceptive behaviour is difficult to establish. This study explored the contraceptive histories of teenagers with a recent experience of pregnancy to generate qualitative profiles of pregnancy intentions. Subsequent intentions in relation to birth control were also examined. Methods: A purposive sample of female teenagers aged 14–19 years was recruited from various clinical and community-based antenatal and postnatal services and termination services across the Perth metropolitan area. The current analysis was based on a total of 56 semistructured interviews. A two-staged process of thematic analysis was conducted to identify commonalities emerging from the narrative data. Results: Three pregnancy intention profiles were identified: 1) unplanned, unwanted, unlikely; 2) planned, wanted, likely; and 3) unplanned, ambivalent, likely. Each profile represents variation in pathways to pregnancy based on teenagers’ accounts of pregnancy desires, personal responsibility over contraceptive use, and perceptions of pregnancy risk. Regardless of the way that pregnancy was resolved (i.e. termination or childbirth), similar postconception intentions surrounding birth control emerged through a shared discourse of pregnancy avoidance across the sample. Conclusions: Exploring adolescents’ understandings of the decisions and behaviours that lead to pregnancy will assist in the development of more accurate assessment tools to identify those at risk of unplanned and unwanted pregnancies. Our research also suggests that the provision of contraceptive counselling immediately after conception, followed by ongoing support, may help to maintain strong intentions to delay further pregnancies as identified in our study.

Contraceptive use and access among deployed US servicewomen: findings from an online survey

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjsrh-2019-200569
Author(s):  
Jane W Seymour ◽  
Laura Fix ◽  
Daniel Grossman ◽  
Kate Grindlay
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Contraceptive Counselling ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us

Background/introductionThis study aimed to survey US servicewomen on their contraceptive access and use during deployment.MethodsBetween June 2016 and July 2017, we conducted a cross-sectional online survey among a convenience sample of current and former members of the US Military, National Guard and Reserves who had a deployment ending in 2010 or later. Participants were asked open-ended and closed-ended questions about their demographics and contraceptive use and access before and during their last deployment. Descriptive statistics were run on closed-ended questions and responses to open-ended questions were inductively coded.ResultsA total of 353 participants were included. Sixty-five per cent reported using contraception during all or part of their last deployment. Nearly half (49.3%) did not have or remember having a discussion with a military care provider about contraception prior to deployment. Both prior to and during deployment, the free or low cost of birth control and ability to get a full supply for deployment facilitated contraceptive use. Difficulty obtaining an appointment and the inability to get a full supply of birth control were barriers to contraception access both before and during deployment. Half (49.1%) of respondents who had to start or refill contraception during deployment said it was somewhat or very difficult to do so.ConclusionsFor at least some servicewomen, there are barriers to contraceptive access and use prior to and during overseas deployment. Programmes to increase contraceptive access should be expanded and monitoring systems should be implemented to ensure all servicemembers receive predeployment contraceptive counselling.

scholarly journals Effect of Changes in Response Options on Reported Pregnancy Intentions: A Natural Experiment in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Maddow-Zimet ◽  
Kathryn Kost
Keyword(s):  
Natural Experiment ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
Pregnancy Intentions ◽  
Response Option ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Childbearing Desires

Objectives The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in collaboration with state health departments, is the largest state-level surveillance system that includes a question on the intention status of pregnancies leading to live birth. In 2012, the question was changed to include an additional response option describing uncertainty before the pregnancy about the desire for pregnancy. This analysis investigated how this additional response option affected women’s responses. Methods We used the change in the pregnancy intention question in 2012 as a natural experiment, taking advantage of relatively stable distributions of pregnancy intentions during short periods of time in states. Using PRAMS data from 2009-2014 (N = 222 781), we used a regression discontinuity-in-time design to test for differences in the proportion of women choosing each response option in the periods before and after the question change. Results During 2012-2014, 13%-15% of women chose the new response option, “I wasn’t sure what I wanted.” The addition of the new response option substantially affected distributions of pregnancy intentions, drawing responses away from all answer choices except “I wanted to be pregnant then.” Effects were not uniform across age, parity, or race/ethnicity or across states. Conclusions These effects could influence estimated levels and trends of the proportion of births that are characterized as intended, mistimed, or unwanted, as well as estimates of differences between demographic groups. These findings will help to inform new strategies for measuring pregnancy and childbearing desires among women.

Contraceptive use and pregnancy intentions among transgender men presenting to a clinic for sex workers and their families in San Francisco

Contraception ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Cipres ◽  
Dominika Seidman ◽  
Charles Cloniger ◽  
Cyd Nova ◽  
Anita O'Shea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Pregnancy Intentions ◽  
Transgender Men

scholarly journals Effect of Manual Data Cleaning on Nutrient Intakes using the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmine Y Bouzid ◽  
Joanne E Arsenault ◽  
Ellen L Bonnel ◽  
Eduardo Cervantes ◽  
Annie Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Data Cleaning ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Background Automated dietary assessment tools such as ASA24® are useful for collecting 24-hour recall data in large-scale studies. Modifications made during manual data cleaning may affect nutrient intakes. Objectives We evaluated the effects of modifications made during manual data cleaning on nutrients intakes of interest: energy, carbohydrate, total fat, protein, and fiber. Methods Differences in mean intake before and after data cleaning modifications for all recalls and average intakes per subject were analyzed by paired t-tests. Chi-squared test was used to determine whether unsupervised recalls had more open-ended text responses that required modification than supervised recalls. We characterized food types of text response modifications. Correlations between predictive energy requirements, measured total energy expenditure (TEE), and mean energy intake from raw and modified data were examined. Results After excluding 11 recalls with invalidating technical errors, 1499 valid recalls completed by 393 subjects were included in this analysis. We found significant differences before and after modifications for energy, carbohydrate, total fat, and protein intakes for all recalls (p < 0.05). Limiting to modified recalls, there were significant differences for all nutrients of interest, including fiber (p < 0.02). There was not a significantly greater proportion of text responses requiring modification for home compared to supervised recalls (p = 0.271). Predicted energy requirements correlated highly with TEE. There was no significant difference in correlation of mean energy intake with TEE for modified compared to raw data. Mean intake for individual subjects was significantly different for energy, protein, and fat intakes following cleaning modifications (p < 0.001). Conclusions Manual modifications can change mean nutrient intakes for an entire cohort and individuals. However, modifications did not significantly affect correlation of energy intake with predictive requirements and measured expenditure. Investigators can consider their research question and nutrients of interest when deciding to make cleaning modifications.

“I did not plan … that is what hurts”: Pregnancy intentions and contraceptive use among pregnant young women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jessica N Coleman ◽  
Cecilia Milford ◽  
Nzwakie Mosery ◽  
Karmel W Choi ◽  
Letitia Rambally Greener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Pregnancy Intentions ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

scholarly journals What changes when? A reply to Beauchaine and Slep

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1535-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Weeland ◽  
Rabia R. Chhangur ◽  
Sara R. Jaffee ◽  
Danielle van der Giessen ◽  
Walter Matthys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Mechanisms Of Change ◽  
Design Assessment ◽  
Parenting Training ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Valuable Method ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Disruptive Child Behavior

AbstractIn their commentary, Beauchaine and Slep (2018) raise important issues regarding research on behavioral parenting training (BPT). In this reply we highlight key points of agreement and respond to issues that we feel require clarification. BPT has been repeatedly proven effective in decreasing disruptive child behavior (also in the work of our research team). Yet, there is much to learn about for whom and how BPT is effective. Specifically, assessing the how (i.e., mediation) comes with many challenges. One of these challenges is taking into account the timeline of change, and being able to infer causal mechanisms of change. We argue that cross-lagged panel models (which we, and many other scholars, used) are a valid and valuable method for testing mediation. At the same time, our results raise important questions, specifically about the timing and form of expected changes in parenting and child behavior after BPT. For example, are these changes linear and gradual or do they happen more suddenly? To select the appropriate design, assessment tools, and statistical models to test mediation, we need to state detailed hypotheses on what changes when. An important next step might be to assess multiple putative mediators on different timescales, not only before and after, but specifically also during BPT.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the effectiveness of counselling strategies for modern contraceptive methods: what works and what doesn’t?

2019 ◽  
pp. bmjsrh-2019-200377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca L Cavallaro ◽  
Lenka Benova ◽  
Onikepe O Owolabi ◽  
Moazzam Ali
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Counselling ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Quantitative Results

AimThe aim of this systematic review was to synthesise the evidence on the comparative effectiveness of different counselling strategies for modern contraception on contraceptive behaviour and satisfaction, and to examine their advantages and disadvantages.MethodsSix electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Global Health, Popline, CINAHL Plus, and Cochrane Library) were searched to identify publications comparing two or more contraceptive counselling strategies and reporting quantitative results on contraceptive use, uptake, continuation or switching, or client satisfaction. Studies of women or couples from any country, published in English since 1990 were considered.ResultsA total of 63 publications corresponding to 61 studies met the inclusion criteria. There was substantial heterogeneity in study settings, interventions and outcome measures. Interventions targeting women initiating a method (including structured counselling on side effects) tended to show positive effects on contraceptive continuation. In contrast, the majority of studies of provider training and decision-making tools for method choice did not find evidence of an effect. Additional antenatal or postpartum counselling sessions were associated with increased postpartum contraceptive use, regardless of their timing in pregnancy or postpartum. Dedicated pre-abortion contraceptive counselling was associated with increased use only when accompanied by broader contraceptive method provision. Male partner or couples counselling was effective at increasing contraceptive use in two of five studies targeting non-users, women initiating implants or seeking abortion. High-quality evidence is lacking for the majority of intervention types.ConclusionsThe evidence base and quality of studies are limited, and further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of many counselling interventions in different settings.

Patient-provider communication before and after implementation of the contraceptive decision support tool My Birth Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Kelsey Holt ◽  
Katrina Kimport ◽  
Miriam Kuppermann ◽  
Judith Fitzpatrick ◽  
Jody Steinauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Provider Communication ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patient Provider Communication
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