Anatomic distribution of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium infections in men who have sex with men

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Reinton ◽  
H. Moi ◽  
A. O. Olsen ◽  
N. Zarabyan ◽  
J. Bjerner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Anatomic Distribution ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Background New cases of gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) and chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) infections have been steadily increasing in Scandinavian countries over the last decade. There is a particular urgency in reducing new infections as isolation of multiple drug resistant strains of gonorrhoea is becoming more frequent. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and sites of infection of common sexually transmissible infections (STIs) in men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: We have performed a retrospective analysis of the three major STIs, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and Mycoplasma genitalium in urogenital, anorectal and oropharyngeal samples from MSM that attended two STI clinics in Oslo. Results: One hundred and thirty-six men (6.0%) out of 2289 MSM tested were found to be positive for gonorrhoea using a porA gene targeted nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). Of these, 106 (77.9%) would not have been identified through testing first-void urine alone. Two hundred and twenty eight (10.0%) patients from 2289 tested were found to be positive for chlamydia, 164 (71.9%) of which were identified through anorectal specimens. Ninety-one (5.1%) patients from 1778 tested were found to be positive for M. genitalium, with 65 (71.4%) identified through testing of anorectal specimens. Conclusions: Our results supports the European findings that the MSM population carries a high burden of STIs and that testing the anorectum and oropharynx will identify a significantly higher percentage of infected patients and reservoirs of STIs.

scholarly journals Therapy challenges in patients with Mycoplasma genitalium infection of the urogenital tract: clinical observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
V. B. Stoyanov ◽  
V. A. Molochkov ◽  
T. B. Semenova ◽  
O. B. Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Mycoplasma genitalium is a clinically significant intracellular bacterium from the family of genital mycoplasmas; it absolutely dominates in persistent/recurrent nongonococcal urethritis, causes chronic inflammatory diseases of the urogenital organs which dictates the necessity of treating this infection. The study presents observations of 2 patients with chronic recurrent urethritis caused by multiple drug resistant strains of M. genitalium. None of the administered schemes of antibacterial treatment covered in the international protocols on treatment of M. genitalium infection allowed to achieve clinical or microbiological cure in these patients. Practicing doctors require development and improvement of nucleic acid amplification methods with antimicrobial testing for M. genitalium resistance and new antimicrobial drugs with improved chemical and pharmacological characteristics for treatment of patients with intracellular urogenital infections.

scholarly journals Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection among asymptomatic men who have sex with men in Bangkok, Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarika Pattanasin ◽  
Eileen F Dunne ◽  
Punneeporn Wasinrapee ◽  
Jaray Tongtoyai ◽  
Wannee Chonwattana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Number Needed To Screen ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Asymptomatic Men

We report positivity rates of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection at each anatomic site among asymptomatic men who have sex with men (MSM). We calculated the number needed to screen (NNS) to detect CT and NG infection at each anatomic site. From 2006 to 2010, we enrolled Thai MSM, age ≥ 18 years into the Bangkok MSM Cohort Study. Participants underwent physical examination and had rectal, urethral, and pharyngeal screening for CT and NG infection using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). Of 1744 enrollees, 1696 (97.2%) had no symptoms of CT and NG infection. The positivity rates of CT and NG infection at any site were 14.3% (rectum, urethra, pharynx) and 6.4% (rectum, urethra), respectively. The NNS to detect rectal CT and rectal NG infections was 10 and 16, respectively (p < 0.05). For urethral infection, the NNS of CT was lower than the NNS of NG (22, 121: p < 0.05). The lowest NNS found for rectal CT infection was in HIV-infected MSM (6, 5–8). Asymptomatic CT and NG infection were common among MSM in Bangkok, Thailand and frequently detected in the rectum. In setting where screening in all specimens using NAAT is not feasible, rectal screening should be a priority.

scholarly journals The “3 in 1” Study: Pooling Self-Taken Pharyngeal, Urethral, and Rectal Samples into a Single Sample for Analysis for Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in Men Who Have Sex with Men

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 650-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sultan ◽  
J. A. White ◽  
R. Fish ◽  
G. Carrick ◽  
N. Brima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Site Testing ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Soc Testing ◽  
Sex With Men

Triple-site testing (using pharyngeal, rectal, and urethral/first-void urine samples) forNeisseria gonorrhoeaeandChlamydia trachomatisusing nucleic acid amplification tests detects greater numbers of infections among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, triple-site testing represents a cost pressure for services. MSM over 18 years of age were eligible if they requested testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), reported recent sexual contact with eitherC. trachomatisorN. gonorrhoeae, or had symptoms of an STI. Each patient underwent standard-of-care (SOC) triple-site testing, and swabs were taken to form a pooled sample (PS) (pharyngeal, rectal, and urine specimens). The PS was created using two methods during different periods at one clinic, but we analyzed the data in combination because the sensitivity of the two methods did not differ significantly forC. trachomatis(P= 0.774) orN. gonorrhoeae(P= 0.163). The sensitivity of PS testing (92%) was slightly lower than that of SOC testing (96%) for detectingC. trachomatis(P= 0.167). ForN. gonorrhoeae, the sensitivity of PS testing (90%) was significantly lower than that of SOC testing (99%) (P< 0.001). When pharynx-only infections were excluded, the sensitivity of PS testing to detectN. gonorrhoeaeinfections increased to 94%. Our findings show that pooling of self-taken samples could be an effective and cost-saving method, with high negative predictive values. (Interim results of this study were presented at the BASHH 2013 summer meeting.)

Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium: an observational study of testing patterns, prevalence and co-infection rates in northern New Zealand

Sexual Health ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlo Upton ◽  
Liselle Bissessor ◽  
Peter Lowe ◽  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Gary McAuliffe
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Testing Patterns

Background This study sought to determine community prevalence, epidemiology and testing patterns for sexually transmissible infections (STI) in northern New Zealand. Methods: A total of 2643 samples submitted for STI testing between 26 November 2015 and 7 December 2015 underwent analysis by Aptima Combo 2 (Hologic, San Diego, CA, USA), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) assays. Results were analysed by patient demographics. Results: Four hundred and eleven pathogens were detected from 359 patients, with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), TV, and MG detected in 178 (6.7%), 19 (0.7%), 80 (3%) and 134 (5.1%) samples respectively. With the exception of TV, STI prevalence was highest in people <25 years of age. Infection was more common in men for NG (odds ratio (OR) 5.05, P < 0.001) and CT (OR 2.72, P < 0.001). Māori and Pacific ethnicity were associated with increased risk of MG (OR 1.82, P = 0.006,) TV (OR 6.1, P < 0.001) and CT (OR 3.31, P < 0.001) infection, and TV and NG infections were more prevalent as social deprivation increased. A mismatch between testing rates and prevalence of infection was seen, with fewer tests performed for males (OR 0.2, P < 0.001) than females and no difference in testing of Māori and Pacific men (3064/100 000) compared with men of European background (3181/100 000, OR 0.96, P = 0.76), despite an increased risk of disease. Conclusions: There are disparately low testing rates for STIs in certain high-risk groups in northern New Zealand.

scholarly journals Pooling Pharyngeal, Anorectal, and Urogenital Samples for Screening Asymptomatic Men Who Have Sex with Men for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duygu Durukan ◽  
Tim R. H. Read ◽  
Catriona S. Bradshaw ◽  
Christopher K. Fairley ◽  
Deborah A. Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Site Testing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Site ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Pooled Samples ◽  
Pooled Sample

ABSTRACT Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae at the pharyngeal, urogenital, and anorectal sites is recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM). Combining the three individual-site samples into a single pooled sample could result in significant cost savings, provided there is no significant sensitivity reduction. The aim of this study was to examine the sensitivity of pooled samples for detecting chlamydia and gonorrhea in asymptomatic MSM using a nucleic acid amplification test. Asymptomatic MSM who tested positive for chlamydia or gonorrhoea were invited to participate. Paired samples were obtained from participants prior to administration of treatment. To form the pooled sample, the anorectal swab was agitated in the urine specimen transport tube and then discarded. The pharyngeal swab and 2 ml of urine sample were then added to the tube. The difference in sensitivity between testing of pooled samples and individual-site testing was calculated against an expanded gold standard, where an individual is considered positive if either pooled-sample or individual-site testing returns a positive result. All samples were tested using the Aptima Combo 2 assay. A total of 162 MSM were enrolled in the study. Sensitivities of pooled-sample testing were 86% (94/109; 95% confidence interval [CI], 79 to 92%]) for chlamydia and 91% (73/80; 95% CI, 83 to 96%) for gonorrhea. The sensitivity reduction was significant for chlamydia (P = 0.02) but not for gonorrhea (P = 0.34). Pooling caused 22 infections (15 chlamydia and 7 gonorrhoea) to be missed, and the majority were single-site infections (19/22). Pooling urogenital and extragenital samples from asymptomatic MSM reduced the sensitivity of detection by approximately 10% for chlamydia but not for gonorrhea.

scholarly journals Performance of human papillomavirus DNA detection in residual specimens taken for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae nucleic acid amplification testing in men who have sex with men

2020 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054702
Author(s):  
Diarmuid Nugent ◽  
Oliver Stirrup ◽  
Sarah Pett ◽  
Kavita Panwar ◽  
Marta Checchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Rectal Swab ◽  
Kappa Statistic ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Hpv Prevalence ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesRectal swab specimens, either alone or pooled with first-void urine (FVU) and pharyngeal swab specimens, are used to test for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection in men who have sex with men (MSM). Following introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for MSM attending UK sexual health services (SHSs), HPV testing of residual CT/NG test specimens has been proposed to monitor HPV prevalence in this population. Performance of HPV detection in such specimens has not been evaluated previously.MethodsMSM attending a UK SHS provided three specimens: (1) rectal swab for CT/NG, (2) pooled rectal/pharyngeal/FVU specimen for CT/NG and (3) dedicated anal swab for HPV. Specimen 3 and residual material from specimens 1 and 2 were tested for type-specific HPV DNA. HPV detection was by an in-house multiplex PCR and luminex-based genotyping assay.ResultsA total of 129 MSM were recruited with a mean age of 38.1 years; 24% were HIV-positive. Of the 129 MSM, 92 (71%) had any type-specific HPV DNA in ≥1 specimen; 80 (62%) had high risk (HR) HPV. Of 123 participants with sufficient residual pooled and dedicated specimens, 70 (56.9%) had detectable HPV on both, and 40 (32.5%) were negative on both; overall concordance was 89% (95% CI 83% to 94%), and kappa statistic was 0.78 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.89). Pooled samples had a 4.1% (95% CI −1.9% to 10.0%) higher test positivity rate than dedicated samples.Of 125 participants with sufficient residual rectal and specimens, 74 (59.2%) had detectable HPV on both, and 36 (28.8%) were negative on both; overall concordance was 88% (95% CI 81% to 93%), and kappa statistic was 0.74 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.86). Residual rectal samples had 5.6% (95%CI −0.6% to 11.8%) higher test positivity than dedicated samples.ConclusionsWe observed high concordance between the dedicated and residual STI test specimens. Our data support the strategy of testing residual specimens for HPV prevalence monitoring in MSM to evaluate the impact of the targeted vaccination programme.

Modified self-obtained pooled sampling to screen for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in men who have sex with men

2020 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054666
Author(s):  
Naokatsu Ando ◽  
Daisuke Mizushima ◽  
Koji Watanabe ◽  
Misao Takano ◽  
Daisuke Shiojiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Site Testing ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Sample Testing ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
High Consistency ◽  
Pooled Sample

ObjectivesTo assess whether pooled sample testing with nucleic acid amplification tests was a potential alternative to three single-site sample testing to screen for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in asymptomatic men who have sex with men.MethodsWe prospectively compared pooled sample testing with single-site sample testing in asymptomatic MSM. Self-obtained paired rectal samples, one gargle sample and one first-void urine sample were collected from participants to generate two sets of samples: one for pooled sample testing and the other for single-site testing. We used modified pooled sampling, which is defined as the use of gargle samples, instead of swabs, for the pooled sample to test for pharyngeal infection.ResultsThis study included 513 MSM. The positive rates of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae were 20.3% and 11.7%, respectively, for single-site sample testing. Compared with the sensitivity of single-site testing as the gold standard, the sensitivities of pooled sample testing for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae were 94.2% (95% CI 88.0% to 97.3%) and 98.3% (95% CI 90.9% to 99.9%), respectively. The concordance rate and kappa coefficient were 98.3% (95% CI 96.7% to 99.2%) and 0.945 (95% CI 0.859 to 1.000), respectively, for C. trachomatis and 98.8% (95% CI 90.1% to 100%) and 0.943 (95% CI 0.857 to 1.000), respectively, for N. gonorrhoeae.ConclusionsThe modified pooled sampling had a comparably high consistency with single-site sample testing. The results strongly suggest that the gargle sample is suitable as a part of pooled sample for STI screening of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae.

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