scholarly journals Monitoring the control of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related diseases in Australia: towards a national HPV surveillance strategy

Sexual Health ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. L. Brotherton ◽  
John M. Kaldor ◽  
Suzanne M. Garland
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Surveillance Strategy ◽  
Pap Screening ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes a possible multifaceted approach to human papillomavirus (HPV) related surveillance in Australia following implementation of a national HPV vaccination program. We describe eight main components: monitoring of vaccine coverage, vaccine safety, type-specific HPV infection surveillance, cervical cytology (Pap screening) coverage and screen detected lesion prevalence, cervical cancer incidence and mortality, genital wart incidence, incidence of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, and knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about HPV and HPV vaccination. Australia is well placed to monitor the impact of its HPV vaccination program as well as to measure vaccine effectiveness with existing HPV vaccines, cervical screening and cancer registries.

scholarly journals Impact of a Gender-Neutral HPV Vaccination Program in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 963
Author(s):  
Javier Díez-Domingo ◽  
Víctor Sánchez-Alonso ◽  
Rafael-J. Villanueva ◽  
Luis Acedo ◽  
José Tuells
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Impact

A major challenge in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine programs is the universal gender-neutral recommendation, as well as estimation of its long-term effect. The objective of this study is to predict the added benefit of male vaccination, especially in men who have sex with men (MSM), and to analyze the impact of the program on society. We propose a mathematical model of the HPV infection based on a network paradigm. Data from Spain allowed constructing the sexual network. HPV force of infection was taken from literature. Different scenarios using variable vaccine coverage in both males and females were studied. Strong herd immunity is shown in the heterosexual population, with an important decrease of HPV 6/11 infections both in men and in unvaccinated women with an only-women vaccination at 14 years of age. No impact of this program occurred in the infection incidence in MSM. This group would only benefit from a vaccination program that includes males. However, the impact at short term would be lower than in heterosexual men. The protection of MSM can only be achieved by direct vaccination of males. This may have important consequences for public health.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus vaccination: the population impact

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai-yang Lee ◽  
Suzanne M. Garland
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
National Immunisation ◽  
The Impact

We currently have the knowledge and experience to prevent much of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related disease burden globally. In many countries where prophylactic HPV vaccination programs have been adopted as highly effective public health programs with good vaccine coverage, we are already seeing, in real-world settings, reduction of vaccine-related HPV-type infections, genital warts and cervical pre-cancers with potential reductions in vulvar, vaginal and anal pre-cancers. Moreover, we are seeing a change in cervical screening paradigms, as HPV-based screening programs now have strong evidence to support their use as more sensitive ways to detect underlying cervical abnormalities, as compared with conventional cervical cytology. This article describes the impact of prophylactic vaccination on these outcomes and in settings where these vaccines have been implemented in national immunisation programs. Given the successes seen to date and the availability of essential tools, there has been a global push to ensure that every woman has access to effective cervical screening and every girl has the opportunity for primary prevention through vaccination. A gender-neutral approach by offering vaccination to young boys has also been adopted by some countries and is worthy of consideration given that HPV-related cancers also affect males. Furthermore, vaccination of young boys has the advantage of reducing the risk of HPV transmission to sexual partners, lowering the infectious pool of HPV in the general population and ultimately HPV-related diseases for both genders. Therefore, it is appropriate that all countries consider and promote national guidelines and programs to prevent HPV-related diseases.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of a bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination program in Japan

Sexual Health ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke B. Connelly ◽  
Ha N. D. Le
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
The Cost

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines and their widespread adoption have the potential to relieve a large part of the burden of cervical cancer morbidity and mortality, particularly in countries that have low screening rates or, like Japan, lack a cohesive universal screening program. An economic evaluation was conducted to assess the cost-effectiveness of introducing a bivalent HPV vaccination program in Japan from a healthcare perspective. Methods: A Markov model of the natural history of HPV infection that incorporates both vaccination and screening was developed for Japan. The modelled intervention, a bivalent HPV vaccine with a 100% lifetime vaccine efficacy and 80% vaccine coverage, given to a cohort of 12-year-old Japanese girls in conjunction with the current screening program, was compared with screening alone in terms of costs and effectiveness. A discount rate of 5% was applied to both costs and utilities where relevant. Results: Vaccination alongside screening compared with screening alone is associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US$20 315 per quality-adjusted-life-year gained if 80% coverage is assumed. The ICER at 5% coverage with the vaccine plus screening, compared with screening alone, is US$1158. Conclusion: The cost-effectiveness results suggest that the addition of a HPV vaccination program to Japan’s cervical cancer screening program is highly likely to prove a cost-effective way to reduce the burden of cervical cancer, precancerous lesions and HPV16/18-related diseases.

Opportunities to increase rates of human papillomavirus vaccination in the New South Wales school program through enhanced catch-up

Sexual Health ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Staples ◽  
Michelle Butler ◽  
Jennifer Nguyen ◽  
David N. Durrheim ◽  
Patrick Cashman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
School Program ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
Catch Up

Background The National Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Program provides HPV vaccine to high school students through school-based vaccination. We aimed to: 1) assess the vaccine completion rates achieved when general practice is used for completing doses missed at school; 2) estimate the extent of under-notification by general practices of vaccine doses administered; and 3) assess the reasons reported by parents of students for non-completion of HPV vaccination. Methods: A postal survey was conducted of parents and carers of students and identified, using school-program records, as incompletely vaccinated in a large regional area of northern NSW vaccinated during 2010. Information about additional HPV vaccine doses received or reasons for non-completion were sought. Responses were analysed and records cross-checked against the National HPV Vaccination Program Register. Results: Of 660 parents or carers contacted, 207 (31.4%) responded. We found: 1) completion rates increased, an additional 122/207 (45.2%) students had completed all three doses of HPV through their general practitioner (GP); 2) under-notification of GP doses to the National HPV Vaccination Program Register was an issue with only 5/165 (3.0%) reported; 3) the main reason for non-completion was being unaware of the opportunity to catch-up at a GP. Conclusions: Underreporting by GPs of HPV vaccine doses administered and failure to complete courses identifies two opportunities to increase HPV vaccine coverage. These could be addressed by extending provision of catch-up HPV doses in school and by developing practice software solutions for automatic notification of doses from GPs. Reasons given by parents for non-completion, mostly logistical barriers, indicate a high degree of acceptance of HPV vaccination.

Human papillomavirus transmission and cost-effectiveness of introducing quadrivalent HPV vaccination in Denmark

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Olsen ◽  
Martin Rudbeck Jepsen
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Percent Discount

Objectives: The objective of this study was to simulate human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in a heterosexual population and subsequently analyze the incremental costs and effects of introducing a vaccination program against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 in Denmark compared with screening alone.Methods: The analysis was performed in two phases. First, an agent-based transmission model was developed that described the HPV transmission without and with HPV vaccination. Second, an analysis of the incremental costs and effects was performed. The results of prevalence estimates of HPV, genital warts, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1–3), and cervical cancer in the model simulations before and after introduction of HPV vaccination were extrapolated to the Danish population figures. Incremental costs and effects were then estimated. Future costs and effects were discounted.Results: Cost-effectiveness ratios for annual vaccination of 12-year-old girls, with a vaccination rate of 70 percent without a catch-up program, were estimated at approximately €1,917 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY, 3 percent discount rate) and €10,846/QALY (5 percent discount rate), given a 62-year time horizon.Conclusions: A vaccination program would incur extra vaccination costs but would save treatment costs and improve both quality of life and survival.

National survey of general practitioners' experience of delivering the National Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Program

Sexual Health ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. L. Brotherton ◽  
Julie Leask ◽  
Cath Jackson ◽  
Kirsten McCaffery ◽  
Lyndal J. Trevena
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination

Background: Between 2007 and 2009, Australian general practitioners (GPs) were involved in implementing a population-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program. We investigated GPs’ experiences of delivering the HPV vaccine to women aged 18–26. Methods: We posted a survey to 1000 GPs. The survey was informed by 12 domains incorporating constructs from psychological theories that focus on individual and environmental barriers and facilitators to effective implementation of evidence-based practice by health professionals. Results: The response rate was 32%. The 298 vaccinating GPs were positive about HPV vaccine implementation as part of their professional role as a worthwhile initiative within existing general practice infrastructure. They had more negative views about some aspects of program organisation, such as the timelines and potential adverse impacts on cervical screening rates. Vaccine safety was not a key concern. Actual levels of knowledge about HPV were moderate (mean score 3.41 out of 6 (s.d. 0.99)) and contrasted with self-rated knowledge, which was high (93% perceived their knowledge to be adequate). Notably, there were unrealistic expectations about the likely reduction in Pap abnormalities due to vaccination, which is important to clarify to avoid loss of confidence in the vaccine when this reduction does not eventuate. Conclusions: Australian GPs viewed HPV vaccination of women aged 18–26 years as an integrated part of their routine practice, with positive attitudes regarding its benefits and achievability. GPs are well placed to implement mass immunisation programs as long as they are supported by effective and timely communication strategies and resources.

scholarly journals Awareness of oral and genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in young adolescents prior to gender-neutral vaccination

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjsrh-2019-200410
Author(s):  
Gillian Knight ◽  
Ben Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Oral Hpv ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionOral human papillomavirus (HPV) and oropharyngeal cancer prevalence are increasing, particularly in men. Raising greater awareness of male HPV disease is perceived as an important intervention strategy. This study investigated the effectiveness of HPV education on adolescents’ perception of HPV disease and the impact of HPV vaccination on their sexual health.MethodsAn HPV questionnaire was completed by 357 UK-based adolescents, aged 12–13 years.ResultsMost adolescents knew HPV causes cervical cancer and HPV vaccination prevents this. A minority acknowledged HPV causes other genital cancers, with under one-fifth knowing HPV causes genital warts. Adolescents’ awareness of HPV transmission activities were limited. There was very poor awareness of oral HPV infection or HPV-induced oropharyngeal cancer. Half of the participants stated HPV vaccination reduced their concerns about sexually transmitted infection contraction. Over half the males said they may take more sexual risks following vaccination, while a similar proportion of females did not expect their partner to take more risks.ConclusionsAdolescents had little awareness of male HPV infection and the role HPV vaccination can play in preventing these diseases. With variable rates of HPV vaccination uptake in males reported worldwide, this study indicates that in the UK greater emphasis on male HPV disease within educational information is required, to raise better awareness of how HPV affects both genders. As both genders preferred to receive education via healthcare professionals, educating a wider range of healthcare professionals on oral HPV could help facilitate awareness of HPV’s role in head and neck cancer.

scholarly journals Increasing Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Screening in Nigeria: An Assessment of Community-Based Educational Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Chigozie Anastacia Nkwonta ◽  
DeAnne K. Hilfinger Messias ◽  
Tisha Felder ◽  
Kathryn Luchok
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
The Impact

We explored the impact of two community-based educational interventions on Nigerian adults’ knowledge and intention to take or encourage human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and cervical screenings. Face-to-face presentation and printed pamphlet intervention were delivered to 266 men and women aged 18 to 65 years in 12 locations in urban setting. At baseline, the majority (80%) had poor knowledge of HPV, and less than 12% had ever received or have a family member who had received HPV vaccine or cervical screening. Postintervention, there was significant increase (>70%) in the participants knowledge and intention to take or encourage HPV vaccination and cervical screening. In addition, more than half were willing to pay for HPV vaccine and screening even when expensive. Gender-focused and context-specific low-cost community-based educational interventions are effective in increasing HPV vaccine and cervical screening in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Genotype Distribution Change After Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Two Autonomous Communities in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Freire-Salinas ◽  
Rafael Benito ◽  
Ainara Azueta ◽  
Joaquina Gil ◽  
Claudia Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Uterine Cervical Cancer ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Hpv Dna

ContextIt has been more than 10 years since the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program was initiated in most advanced countries. Thus, it seems necessary to change the uterine cervical cancer screening strategy. Molecular-based tests are considered essential in this scenario.ObjectiveWe aimed to review the distribution of the HPV genotypes after the introduction of the vaccination program with Cervarix® and Gardasil 4® in two autonomous communities in Spain, looking for possible changes in distribution and the occurrence of a herd effect.DesignA cross-sectional study was performed in 45,362 samples that were processed in the Cantabria and Aragon communities during the period from 2002 to 2016. We compared the genotype distribution before and after the vaccination program was initiated.ResultsGenotypes HPV6 and HPV11 have decreased significantly after the introduction of the vaccine. HPV16 has had a decrease, but not a significant one in the statistical analysis. However, HPV31, HPV52, and HPV45 have increased in percentage. A replacement phenomenon with other genotypes not included in the vaccine has been observed in our population.ConclusionsContinued surveillance is needed to provide further indication of any changes over time in the genotypes in circulation. This will be facilitated by monitoring the genotyping results from the new model of cervical screening using primary HPV DNA testing.

scholarly journals High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) Genotypes Among Women With Cervical Precancer and Cancer in Myanmar

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 18s-19s
Author(s):  
Mu Mu Shwe ◽  
Kyi Kyi Nyunt ◽  
Khin Saw Aye ◽  
Hlaing Myat Thu ◽  
Hla Myat Mo Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Hpv 18

Abstract 11 In Myanmar, cervical cancer ranks as the first most frequent cancer among women aged between 15 to 44 years and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program is not established yet. Information on HPV genotypes distribution in cervical cancer is crucial to predict the future impact of HPV vaccines. This study aimed to determine the HPV-DNA and genotypes among women with cervical pre-cancer and cancer in Myanmar. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in 169 women with cervical neoplasia during 2012 to 2014. After obtaining informed consent, cervical cells were collected from 134 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 35 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix attending Sanpya General Hospital, Yangon, and Central Women Hospital, Mandalay. HPV-DNA testing and genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). HR-HPV was identified in CINI (39.3%), CINII (58.6%), CINIII (66.7%), and SCC (77.1%). Overall, the most common genotypes were HPV-16 (68.1%), followed by HPV-31 (16.5%), HPV-18 (7.7%), HPV-58 (6.6%), and HPV-35 (1.1%). Among SCC, HPV-16 was the most common genotype (66.7%) followed by HPV-18 (14.8%), HPV-31 (11.1%), HPV-35 (3.7%), and HPV-58 (3.7%). In CINI, the most common genotype were HPV-16 (69.7%) followed by HPV-31 (21.2%), HPV-18 (6.1%) and HPV-58 (3.0%). In CINII, HPV-16 was most commonly determined (52.9%) followed by HPV-31 (23.5%), HPV-58 (17.6%), and HPV-18 (5.9%). In CINIII, HPV-16 was also the most common genotype (85.7%) followed by HPV-31 (7.1%) and HPV-58 (7.1%). Vaccine preventable genotype, HPV-16 was the most common genotype in Myanmar. This study highlighted that the establishment of National HPV vaccination program is needed to reduce the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in Myanmar.[Table: see text][Table: see text] AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No COIs from the authors.

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