Global reduction of cervical cancer with human papillomavirus vaccines: insights from the hepatitis B virus vaccine experience

Sexual Health ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Heffernan ◽  
Suzanne M. Garland ◽  
Mark A. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Global Reduction

Background: Worldwide, prophylactic vaccines against two major human cancers are now commercially available: hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines (first licensed in 1982) against primary hepatocellular carcinoma and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines (first licensed 2006) against cervical cancer. Initial implementation strategies for HBV vaccination were not successful in preventing disease in the community: it took 15 years for significant global reduction in the burden of this disease. Methods: We compare and contrast HBV vaccine experiences to challenges for successful global HPV vaccination strategies, and make recommendations accordingly. Results: Lessons from HBV immunisation for successful outcomes with HPV immunisation showed that several factors need to be met: (i) the engagement of key stakeholders in all aspects of planning and delivery of HPV vaccine strategies; (ii) understanding the specific characteristics of targeted population groups; (iii) global cooperation and support with WHO recommendations; (iv) Government supported mass immunization programs and cooperation between public and private entities; (v) affordable HPV vaccines for some regions; (vi) culturally appropriate and diverse public education programs in targeted health promotion strategies; (vii) pro-active health providers and parents in encouraging adolescents to undertake HPV vaccination; and (vii) eventual immunisation of infants. Conclusions: The key to success will be affordable, readily deliverable HPV vaccines to young girls as universal campaigns.

scholarly journals Low-Dose Adenovirus Vaccine Encoding Chimeric Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen-Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7 Proteins Induces Enhanced E7-Specific Antibody and Cytotoxic T-Cell Responses

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (20) ◽  
pp. 12807-12817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Báez-Astúa ◽  
Elsa Herráez-Hernández ◽  
Natalio Garbi ◽  
Hilda A. Pasolli ◽  
Victoria Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Type 16 ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
B Virus

ABSTRACT Induction of effective immune responses may help prevent cancer progression. Tumor-specific antigens, such as those of human papillomaviruses involved in cervical cancer, are targets with limited intrinsic immunogenicity. Here we show that immunization with low doses (106 infectious units/dose) of a recombinant human adenovirus type 5 encoding a fusion of the E7 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus type 16 to the carboxyl terminus of the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) induces remarkable E7-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. The HBsAg/E7 fusion protein assembled efficiently into virus-like particles, which stimulated antibody responses against both carrier and foreign antigens, and evoked antigen-specific kill of an indicator cell population in vivo. Antibody and T-cell responses were significantly higher than those induced by a control adenovirus vector expressing wild-type E7. Such responses were not affected by preexisting immunity against either HBsAg or adenovirus. These data demonstrate that the presence of E7 on HBsAg particles does not interfere with particle secretion, as it occurs with bigger proteins fused to the C terminus of HBsAg, and results in enhancement of CD8+-mediated T-cell responses to E7. Thus, fusion to HBsAg is a convenient strategy for developing cervical cancer therapeutic vaccines, since it enhances the immunogenicity of E7 while turning it into an innocuous secreted fusion protein.

The impact of immunization on cancer control: the example of HPV vaccination

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Burchell ◽  
Eduardo Franco1
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Prophylactic Vaccination ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 6 reviews briefly the role of infections as causal agents in cancer, describes anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization as the first cancer vaccine paradigm, and finally focuses on the latest paradigm of prophylactic vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection as the new front in cancer prevention.

scholarly journals Tumour virus vaccines: hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1732) ◽  
pp. 20160268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Oncogenic Viruses ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccines ◽  
B Virus

Two of the most important human oncogenic viruses are hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). HBV infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982; vaccination of neonates and infants is highly effective, resulting already in decreased rates of new infections, chronic liver disease and hepato-cellular carcinoma. Nonetheless, HBV remains a global public health problem with high rates of vertical transmission from mother to child in some regions. Prophylactic HPV vaccines composed of virus-like particles (VLPs) of the L1 capsid protein have been licensed since 2006/2007. These target infection by the oncogenic HPVs 16 and 18 (the cause of 70% of cervical cancers); a new vaccine licensed in 2014/2015 additionally targets HPVs 31, 33, 45, 52, 58. HPV vaccines are now included in the national immunization programmes in many countries, with young adolescent peri-pubertal girls the usual cohort for immunization. Population effectiveness in women is now being demonstrated in countries with high vaccine coverage with significant reductions in high-grade cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (a surrogate for cervical cancer), genital warts and vaccine HPV type genoprevalence. Herd effects in young heterosexual men and older women are evident. Cancers caused by HBV and HPV should, in theory, be amenable to immunotherapies and various therapeutic vaccines for HPV in particular are in development and/or in clinical trial. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Human oncogenic viruses’.

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus infection in korea

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whan Kook Chung ◽  
Hee Sik Sun ◽  
Doo Ho Park ◽  
Gerald Y. Minuk ◽  
Jay H. Hoofnagle
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
B Virus

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination: from clinical studies to immunization programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1317-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Murillo ◽  
Camila Ordóñez- Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Cervical cancer incidence and mortality have decreased in high-income countries, but low- and middle-income countries continue to bear a significant burden from the disease. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are a promising alternative for disease control; however, their introduction is slow in settings with greater need. We conducted a review of HPV vaccine efficacy and effectiveness reported in clinical trials and population-based studies. Efficacy of HPV vaccines is close to 100% when using a three-dose schedule in HPV-negative young women (<25 years old) for protection against persistent infection and HPV vaccine-type associated pre-cancerous lesions. Furthermore, sustained protection for up to 12 years of follow-up has been demonstrated; cross-protection against non-vaccine types is particularly observed for the bivalent vaccine, and preliminary data regarding impact on invasive cancer have emerged. Given its lower efficacy, catch-up vaccination beyond 19 years of age and proposals for vaccinating adult women deserve careful evaluation in accurately designed studies and economic analyses. Despite positive results regarding immunogenicity and post-hoc analysis for cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia in clinical trials, population-based data for prime and booster two-dose schedules are not available. Evaluation of vaccine safety from surveillance systems in immunization programs that have already distributed more than 270 million doses found no association of HPV vaccination with serious side effects. The introduction of HPV vaccination in national immunization programs remains the main challenge in tackling the burden of cervical cancer (up to 2018, only 89 countries have introduced vaccination worldwide, and most of these are high-income countries). Access models and technical capacity require further development to help low- and middle-income countries to increase the pace of vaccine delivery. Alternative approaches such as one-dose schedules and vaccination at younger ages may help reduce the programmatic and economic challenges to adolescent vaccination.

The Long-Term Serological Course of Asymptomatic Hepatitis B Virus Carriers and the Development of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma

1985 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. M. Alward ◽  
B. J. McMahon ◽  
D. B. Hall ◽  
W. L. Heyward ◽  
D. P. Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals A Self-Processing Ribozyme Cassette: Utility against Human Papillomavirus 11 E6/E7 mRNA and Hepatitis B Virus

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Hua Pan ◽  
Ping Xin ◽  
John D Morrey ◽  
Gary A Clawson
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
B Virus
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