Phylogenetic analysis of Eucalyptus informal subgenus Symphyomyrtus section Maidenaria

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Chappill ◽  
PY Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Approximate Representation ◽  
Oil Glands ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
High Level

Eucalyptus informal subgenus Symphyomyrtus section Maidenaria includes 86 currently recognised taxa endemic to south-eastern Australia. Cladistic methodology and a morphological data set have been used to examine the phylogenetic relationships of these taxa and an additional two unnamed forms that may be worthy of taxonomic recognition. Maidenaria may be defined as a monophyletic group by the presence of oil glands in the phloem, although this feature is not unique to the group. Informal series Ovatae is paraphyletic, having been defined by plesiomorphic features such as petiolate juvenile leaves. Informal series Vitninales is monophyletic, defined by juvenile leaves that are opposite, sessile and cordate for many nodes. The analysis was a difficult one because of a high level of homoplasy (82%), problems with intergrading complexes of taxa, and coding of characters that are continuously varying. The cladogram produced for Maidenaria can be viewed as a statement of the pattern of variation of morphological characters in the group. It is likely to be only an approximate representation of the phylogeny due to problems of character coding.

Combining morphological and molecular data resolves the phylogeny of Squilloidea (Crustacea : Malacostraca)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara Van Der Wal ◽  
Shane T. Ahyong ◽  
Simon Y. W. Ho ◽  
Luana S. F. Lins ◽  
Nathan Lo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Mantis Shrimp ◽  
Generic Groups ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

The mantis shrimp superfamily Squilloidea, with over 185 described species, is the largest superfamily in the crustacean order Stomatopoda. To date, phylogenetic relationships within this superfamily have been comprehensively analysed using morphological data, with six major generic groupings being recovered. Here, we infer the phylogeny of Squilloidea using a combined dataset comprising 75 somatic morphological characters and four molecular markers. Nodal support is low when the morphological and molecular datasets are analysed separately but improves substantially when combined in a total-evidence phylogenetic analysis. We obtain a well resolved and strongly supported phylogeny that is largely congruent with previous estimates except that the Anchisquilloides-group, rather than the Meiosquilla-group, is the earliest-branching lineage in Squilloidea. The splits among the Anchisquilloides- and Meiosquilla-groups are followed by those of the Clorida-, Harpiosquilla-, Squilla- and Oratosquilla-groups. Most of the generic groups are recovered as monophyletic, with the exception of the Squilla- and Oratosquilla-groups. However, many genera within the Oratosquilla-group are not recovered as monophyletic. Further exploration with more extensive molecular sampling will be needed to resolve relationships within the Oratosquilla-group and to investigate the adaptive radiation of squilloids. Overall, our results demonstrate the merit of combining morphological and molecular datasets for resolving phylogenetic relationships.

Taxonomic review and cladistic analysis of Neotropical spider genus Epicratinus Jocqué & Baert, 2005 (Araneae: Zodariidae) with description of eleven new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4886 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-77
Author(s):  
RICARDO ANTONIO GONÇALVES ◽  
ANTONIO DOMINGOS BRESCOVIT
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Character Weighting ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Time

A taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Epicratinus Jocqué & Baert, 2005 is presented. The phylogenetic analysis is based on a data set including 16 Epicratinus species plus 9 outgroups representing by five related zodariid gen­era and one of them considered most basal as the root. These taxa were scored for 49 morphological characters. Parsimony was used as the op­timality criterion and a sensitivity analysis was performed using different character weighting concavities. Five unambiguous synapomorphies support the monophyly of Epicratinus. Some internal clades within the genus are well-supported and their relationships are discussed. Epicratinus includes 16 species, all with males and females. A species identification key and distribution maps are provided for all. New morphological data are also pre­sented for five previously described species. All 16 species occur only in the New World. The following species are transferred to Epicratinus: E. perfidus (Jocqué & Baert), comb. nov. from Tenedos; Epicratinus perfidus Jocqué & Baert comb. nov. and newly synonymized with E. santacruz Grismado & Izquierdo and this last species is treated as the junior synonym. Epicratinus petropolitanus (Mello-Leitão) has the male described for the first time. The following 11 species are newly described as new: E. zangief sp. nov.; E. pegasus sp. nov.; E. pikachu sp. nov.; E. stitch sp. nov.; E. ehonda sp. nov.; E. anakin sp. nov.; E. vader sp. nov.; E. omegarugal sp. nov.; E. zelda sp. nov.; E. dookan sp. nov. and E. mauru sp. nov., all from Brazil. 

Phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Hylodinae (Anura, Leptodactylidae) based on morphological characters

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca do Val ◽  
Paulo Nuin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Family

AbstractThe systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the family Leptodactylidae are controversial as is the intrafamilial phylogeny of the leptodactylids. Here we analyze the relationships of the leptodactylid subfamily Hylodinae. This subfamily has been considered to be monophyletic and composed of three genera, Hylodes, Crossodactylus and Megaelosia. In the present study 49 characters were used, based on different studies on Leptodactylidae phylogeny. Maximum parsimony methods with unweighted and successively weighted characters were used to estimate the phylogeny of the Hylodinae. Upon analysis, the data provided further evidence of the monophyletic status of the three genera, with Megaelosia being the basal genus and the other two genera being sister taxa. The analysis with successive weighting results in a more resolved topology of the species subgroups of the genus Hylodes and separates this genus from Crossodactylus and confirms that the hylodines are monophyletic.

New insights on the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the Neotropical genus Phoebis (Pieridae: Coliadinae) revealed by molecular and morphological data

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4457 (1) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEIDYS MURILLO-RAMOS ◽  
RENZO HERNÁNDEZ TORRES ◽  
RAYNER NÚÑEZ ÁGUILA ◽  
ROGER AYAZO
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Greater Antilles ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Taxonomic Point

Phoebis Hübner (1819) is a genus of the Neotropical subfamily Coliadinae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). The highest diversity is found in the Greater Antilles islands in the Caribbean region. Although from the taxonomic point of view, Phoebis seems to be a stable genus, there is no phylogenetic hypothesis corroborating the monophyly of the genus. In this study, we used both morphological characters and a genetic dataset consisting of one mitochondrial (COI) and three nuclear markers (RpS5, MDH, Wingless). The matrix was concatenated and analysed with parsimony under implied weights (IW). Also, the concatenated data set was analysed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference evolutionary methods, and ancestral states reconstruction with characters traditionally used for classification of Phoebis was carried out. The same topology was recovered by Parsimony, ML and BI analysis, and suggest that Phoebis is not a monophyletic genus, with Aphrissa and Rhabdodryas nested within it. Our findings allow us to consider the genera Rhabdodryas syn.rev. and Aphrissa syn.rev. to be synonyms of Phoebis. These results have implications for the systematics of Phoebis and the genera that should be accepted in Coliadinae.

Clinal Variation in Electrophoretic and Morphological Characters between Two Nominal Species of the Genus Pseudomugil (Pisces : Atheriniformes : Pseudomugilidae)

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Hadfield ◽  
V Ivantsoff ◽  
PG Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Coastal Species ◽  
Eastern Australia

Electrophoretic and morphological comparisons were made between 14 populations representing the major part of the known range of the nominal fish species, Pseudomugil signifer Kner and Pseudomugil signatus (Gunther), described from the fresh and brackish waters of eastern Australia. Analysis by principal components was used to assess the morphological data. .Clinal variation revealed in 10 morphological characters and at two enzyme loci was found to bridge most of the previously described differences between species. The type material of P. signatus afinis from the Low Isles, Queensland, was re-examined and did not appear to differ morphologically from the coastal species. It is therefore suggested that the populations studied represent a single species Pseudomugil signifer Kner.

Morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships within a South-American clade of iguanian lizards (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3315 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERNANDO LOBO ◽  
CRISTIAN ABDALA ◽  
SOLEDAD VALDECANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The North ◽  
South Central ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
La Rioja

With 36 species and at least nine potentially independent lineages (not formally described yet) occurring mostly in theAndes and adjacent Patagonia and Puna plateau areas, Phymaturus lizards represent one of the most endemic vertebrategroups of the arid southwestern region of South America. Phylogenetic relationships among species of Phymaturus areinferred using mainly a morphological data set of 206 characters. Also available sequences of mitochondrial DNA for sev-en terminals were added for a total evidence analysis. Most information is included in the discrete characters block; mostcharacters involve color pattern, osteology and squamation. Continuous characters were taken from body proportions,squamation and skeletons. Among morphological data, binary polymorphic characters were analyzed applying the scaledcoding criteria. Continuous characters were entered in the analysis using standardized ranges, a method that allows a sim-ple optimization to estimate distances/costs avoiding the arbitrary coding as discrete characters. For our parsimony anal-yses we chose the implied weights method, which underweights homoplastic characters. Several runs were madeanalyzing all the information combined and also separating morphological from molecular datasets. Binary polymor-phisms were also analyzed as missing data. All characters affected by sexual dimorphism were analyzed separating thesexes; female information was more congruent with the total evidence analysis. Characters involving continuous and poly-morphic information are relevant for searching and building phylogenetic hypotheses in Phymaturus. There exists signif-icant congruence between the molecular information analyzed in this study and previous published analyses. Within bothmain clades of Phymaturus, northern subgroups are those more recently originated during the genus diversification. Spe-cies belonging to the puna subclade of the palluma group are arranged in two natural groups, one distributed in the north(Catamarca and La Rioja provinces), and the other in the south, La Rioja and San Juan provinces. Within the patagonicusgroup, the majority of the species are arranged in a south-central Chubut clade, eastern-central Chubut clade, central Rio Negro clade and a Payunia clade.

scholarly journals DNA Barcoding: Mixed results for big-headed flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1423 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFREY H. SKEVINGTON ◽  
CHRISTIAN KEHLMAIER ◽  
GUNILLA STÅHLS
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Taxonomic Decision ◽  
Morphological Species

Sequence data from 658 base pairs of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) were analysed for 28 described species of Pipunculidae (Diptera) in an effort to test the concept of DNA Barcoding on this family. Two recently revised but distantly related pipunculid lineages with presumed different evolutionary histories were used for the test (Clistoabdominalis Skevington, 2001 and Nephrocerus Zetterstedt, 1838). An effort was made to test the concept using sister taxa and morphologically similar sibling species swarms in these two genera. Morphological species concepts for Clistoabdominalis taxa were either supported by cox1 data or found to be too broad. Most of the discordance could be accounted for after reassessing morphological characters. In these cases, the molecular data were invaluable in assisting taxonomic decision-making. The radiation of Nearctic species of Nephrocerus could not be diagnosed using cox1. The ability of cox1 to recover phylogenetic signal was also tested on Clistoabdominalis. Morphological data for Clistoabdominalis were combined with the molecular data set. The pipunculid phylogeny from molecular data closely resembles the published phylogeny based on morphology. Partitioned Bremer support is used to localize areas of conflict between the datasets.

scholarly journals The phylogenetic conundrum of Lutzia (Diptera: Culicidae: Culicini): a cautionary account of conflict and support

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Kitching ◽  
C. Lorna Culverwell ◽  
Ralph E. Harbach
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Generic Status ◽  
Strong Signal ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Data Support

Lutzia Theobald was reduced to a subgenus of Culex in 1932 and was treated as such until it was restored to its original generic status in 2003, based mainly on modifications of the larvae for predation. Previous phylogenetic studies based on morphological and molecular data have provided conflicting support for the generic status of Lutzia: analyses of morphological data support the generic status whereas analyses based on DNA sequences do not. Our previous phylogenetic analyses of Culicini (based on 169 morphological characters and 86 species representing the four genera and 26 subgenera of Culicini, most informal group taxa of subgenus Culex and five outgroup species from other tribes) seemed to indicate a conflict between adult and larval morphological data. Hence, we conducted a series of comparative and data exclusion analyses to determine whether the alternative positions of Lutzia are due to conflicting signal or to a lack of strong signal. We found that separate and combined analyses of adult and larval data support different patterns of relationships between Lutzia and other Culicini. However, the majority of conflicting clades are poorly supported and once these are removed from consideration, most of the topological disparity disappears, along with much of the resolution, suggesting that morphology alone does not have sufficiently strong signal to resolve the position of Lutzia. We critically examine the results of other phylogenetic studies of culicinine relationships and conclude that no morphological or molecular data set analysed in any study conducted to date has adequate signal to place Lutzia unequivocally with regard to other taxa in Culicini. Phylogenetic relationships observed thus far suggest that Lutzia is placed within Culex but further data and extended taxon sampling are required to confirm its position relative to Culex.

A phylogenetic analysis of New Zealand giant and tree weta (Orthoptera : Anostostomatidae : Deinacrida and Hemideina) using morphological and genetic characters

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Morgan-Richards ◽  
George W. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Tree Weta ◽  
Genetic Characters

A phylogenetic analysis of New Zealand weta from the sub-family Deinacridinae is presented. Eighteen species were studied using 27 genetic characters (allozyme and cytogenetic) and 25 morphological characters. The combined data set produced a phylogenetic hypothesis with twelve well-supported nodes. Despite the great diversity of habitats and life styles exhibited by the eleven Deinacrida White species a well-supported bipartition separates them from the seven Hemideina Walker species. Six of the Hemideina species formed a monophyletic clade, with respect to H. broughi (Buller). Evolution of stridulatory ridges used for sound production in both defence and intraspecific communication appears to have occurred at least twice. Adaptation to the recent New Zealand alpine environment has also had multiple origins. Biogeographic interpretations from the phylogenetic hypothesis are discussed.

scholarly journals Cretaceous origin and repeated tertiary diversification of the redefined butterflies

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1731) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Heikkilä ◽  
Lauri Kaila ◽  
Marko Mutanen ◽  
Carlos Peña ◽  
Niklas Wahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Although the taxonomy of the ca 18 000 species of butterflies and skippers is well known, the family-level relationships are still debated. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the superfamilies Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea and Hedyloidea to date based on morphological and molecular data. We reconstructed their phylogenetic relationships using parsimony and Bayesian approaches. We estimated times and rates of diversification along lineages in order to reconstruct their evolutionary history. Our results suggest that the butterflies, as traditionally understood, are paraphyletic, with Papilionidae being the sister-group to Hesperioidea, Hedyloidea and all other butterflies. Hence, the families in the current three superfamilies should be placed in a single superfamily Papilionoidea. In addition, we find that Hedylidae is sister to Hesperiidae, and this novel relationship is supported by two morphological characters. The families diverged in the Early Cretaceous but diversified after the Cretaceous–Palaeogene event. The diversification of butterflies is characterized by a slow speciation rate in the lineage leading to Baronia brevicornis , a period of stasis by the skippers after divergence and a burst of diversification in the lineages leading to Nymphalidae, Riodinidae and Lycaenidae.

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