Growth-forms in Non-geniculate Coralline Red Algae (Coralliinales, Rhodophyta)

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Woelkerling ◽  
LM Irvine ◽  
AS Harvey

Although differences in growth-form have been widely used in delimiting taxa of non-geniculate coralline red algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta), there has been no consistent application of the more than 100 terms employed to describe the growth-forms present, and considerable confusion has resulted. This study of over 5000 populations of non-geniculate corallines from all parts of the world has shown that an intergrading network of growth-forms with 10 focal points is present: unconsolidated, encrusting, warty, lumpy, fruticose, discoid, layered, foliose, ribbon-like and arborescent. This focal point terminology can be used to describe any specimen or species of non-geniculate coralline in a consistent, easily interpretable manner. Details of the system are provided, the relationships of the system to past proposals are discussed, and the extent to which differences in growth-forms can be used as taxonomic characters in the non-geniculate Corallinales is reviewed.

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Harvey ◽  
F. L. Bird

Rhodolith beds are aggregations of free-living non-geniculate coralline red algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta), with a high biodiversity of associated organisms. This is the first detailed study of a rhodolith-bed community from the cold-temperate waters of southern Australia. This bed, located at 1–4-m depth in Western Port, Victoria, is composed of four rhodolith-forming species (Hydrolithon rupestre (Foslie) Penrose, Lithothamnion superpositum Foslie, Mesophyllum engelhartii (Foslie) Adey and Neogoniolithon brassica-florida (Harvey) Setchell & Mason). M. engelhartii has a foliose growth form and the other three species have fruticose growth forms. Detailed descriptions are provided for all species, allowing reliable identification. Comparisons with other rhodolith beds and reported rhodolith-forming species, both in Australia and worldwide, are also provided. The invertebrate cryptofaunal community was quantified for two rhodolith-forming species. The density of cryptofauna inhabiting foliose and fruticose rhodolith growth forms did not differ significantly and neither did abundance of individual phyla. Mean density of fauna was 0.4 invertebrates cm–3, the majority of which were polychaete worms. Comparisons of fauna associated with other rhodolith beds are also provided. A study of the vitality of the rhodolith bed showed dead rhodoliths are more abundant than live rhodoliths. Possible reasons for reduced bed vitality are explored.


2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 559-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Henry ◽  
Martin A. Schechter ◽  
Stephen M. Nagler ◽  
Stephen A. Fausti

Two methods for treating tinnitus are compared. Tinnitus masking has been used for over 25 years, and although this method is used in clinics around the world, there are many misconceptions regarding the proper protocol for its clinical application. Tinnitus retraining therapy has been used clinically for over 12 years and has received considerable international attention. Although these methods are distinctive in their basic approach to tinnitus management, certain aspects of treatment appear similar. These aspects of treatment have created considerable confusion and controversy, especially regarding the use of "sound therapy" as a basic component of treatment. It is the objective of this article to clarify the major differences that exist between these two forms of treatment.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1087
Author(s):  
Patrick Olin MD, PhD ◽  
B. N. Tandon ◽  
Julius S. Meme ◽  
E. Lee Ford-Jones ◽  
Mark Belsey ◽  
...  

If we are committed to the health and development of children, we need to recognize that the vast majority of the world's women are working women. In Africa, 80% of the women are actively engaged in economic activities outside the home. The "economic miracle" in Southeast Asia was made possible by the nimble fingers of thousands of women working in textile and electronics factories. There is need for pre-day-care advocacy for infants, through promotion of breast feeding and maternity leave. When the mother returns to work, the standard of the International Labor Organization should be applied, namely "...the care of children while the parents are working cannot be ignored because it forms a focal point on which three main concerns of development policy—work, health, and education—converge." Several principles emerged from the presentations in the international panel: 1. Child-care programs must be community based, using the resources of the families and the community organizations themselves. 2. Programs require the active involvement of the communities, women's groups, and other partners. 3. Programs are modified by innovations created by community organizations, universities, and other groups. 4. Programs require the mobilization of trained young men and women into the field of early childhood education and development. This international panel provided an overall uniting theme, that throughout the world the hope for the survival and better life for children unites parents of every country and every creed. This is one of the most powerful and strongest motivational resources in the world. We need to recognize the power of this hope and address that hope, providing with a certain degree of humility that there exist no single model, and no single country has all the answers. By respecting the ideas of the many innovations and different approaches of women, parents, and families, we can find the answers. There is a clear need for national networks as well as for international networks, exchanges of information, sharing of experience, and mobilization of the social resources in advocating early childhood education and development for the world's children.


2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. TRAMONTANA ◽  
L. GARDINI ◽  
D. FOURNIER-PRUNARET ◽  
P. CHARGE

We consider the class of two-dimensional maps of the plane for which there exists a whole one-dimensional singular set (for example, a straight line) that is mapped into one point, called a "knot point" of the map. The special character of this kind of point has been already observed in maps of this class with at least one of the inverses having a vanishing denominator. In that framework, a knot is the so-called focal point of the inverse map (it is the same point). In this paper, we show that knots may also exist in other families of maps, not related to an inverse having values going to infinity. Some particular properties related to focal points persist, such as the existence of a "point to slope" correspondence between the points of the singular line and the slopes in the knot, lobes issuing from the knot point and loops in infinitely many points of an attracting set or in invariant stable and unstable sets.


Author(s):  
Mary Rangel

Na perspectiva da Psicologia Social (no enfoque, moscoviciano, da representação), foram investigados conceitos e imagens do cotidiano popidar na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, conforme se apresentam em cartilhas adotadas em escolas públicas. Procurou-se, então, notar a possível influência da literatura citico-social da alfabetização (acentuada desde o final dos anos 70) que, entre outras questões, discute a dissociação entre conhecimento (escolar) e realidade, enfatizando o princípio de aprendizagens significativas e contextualizadas. Nas análises, confrontaram-se as representações com "indicadores sociais" do cotidiano, levantados em estudos sociológicos. Os resultados demonstraram a predominância de conceitos e imagens de situações que, não só se distanciam, como invertem as que se apresentam nos "indicadores ". Desse modo, permanece a constatação de que o mundo das crianças não encontra significado no mundo das cartilhas. Abstract In the perspective of Social Psychology (in the Moscovite focal point of the representation), concepts and images of the popular quotidian in Rio de Janeiro city have been investigated, as they present themselves in the spelling books adopted in public schools. One endeavoured, then, to note the possible influence of the critical-social literature of the first year of schooling (accentuated since the end of the 70s), which, among other matters, discusses the dissociation between knowledge (scholar) and reality, enphasizing the principle of significative and contextualized apprendticeships. In the analysis, the representations confront themselves with "social indicators" of the quotidian, raised up in sociologie studies. The results demonstrated the predominance of concepts and images of situations which not only keep away from, as well as invert the ones which present themselves in the "indicators ". Thus, endures the evidence that the world of the children does not find significance in the world of the spelling books. Résumé Sous la perspective de la Psychologie Sociale, d 'après Moscovici (1978), ont été analises concepts et images du quotidien populaire dans la ville de Rio de Janeiro, selon ils se présentent dans les abécédaires adoptés dans les écoles publiques. Nous avons cherché, alors, observer la possible influence de la littérature critique-sociale (accentuée dès le final des années 70) sur l'alphabétisation. Cette littérature, parmi d 'autres questions, discute la dissociation entre savoir (scolaire) et réalité, en emphatisant le principe des apprentissages significatifs et contextualisés. Dans les analyses se confrontent les représentations avec les "indicateurs " sociaux du quotidien, relevés dans les études sociologiques. Les résultats ont démontré la prédominance des concepts et des images de situations que, non seulement s'éloignent comme inversent celles qui se présentent dans les "indicateurs". Ainsi, il nous reste la constatation que le monde des enfants ne recontre pas de signification dans le motide des abécédaires. Resumen En la perspectiva de la Psicoligia Social (en el enfoque moscoviciano de la representación), se investigaron conceptos y imágenes de lo cotidiano popular en la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro, según se presentan en cartillas adoptadas en escuelas públicas. Se procuró observar la posible influencia de la literatura crítico-social de la alfabetización, incrementada desde finales de los años setenta, que, entre otros temas, discute la disociación entre conocimiento (escolar) y realidad, enfatizando el principio de aprendizajes significativos y contextuados. En los análisis se confrontali las representaciones con "indicadores sociales" de lo cotidiano, obtenidos en estudios sociológicos. Los resultados han demostrado la predominancia de conceptos e imágenes de situaciones que no sólo se alejan, sino que invierten las presentadas en los "indicadores ". De esta manera, permanece la constatación de que el mundo de los niños no encuentra sifnificado en el mundo de las cartillas.


2005 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Valentyna Anatoliyivna Bodak

In modern religious studies, there is no consensus as to how cult is related to culture, how it affects culture and personality, or whether changes in the cult sphere necessarily cause changes in dogma, human consciousness, and culture. This circumstance initiated the thematic orientation of this article on the problems of cult and culture in Orthodoxy, because Orthodoxy considers the cult to be the "focal point" (Rus. - Aut.) Place "of culture and the basis of religion. In the context of the transformation processes taking place in the world today, the question of the role of the cult in culture, the possibility or impossibility of changing it, the simplification becomes particularly relevant.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document