Chemical and morphological variation within a population of Eucalyptus radiata (Myrtaceae) exhibiting leaf volatile oil chemical forms

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Whiffin ◽  
A Bouchier
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Flavonoid Composition ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Fruit Characters

Fifty trees were collected from a population of Eucalyptus radiata subsp. radiata known to contain leaf volatile oil chemical forms. These were studied for leaf volatile oil composition, flavonoid composition, and leaf and fruit morphology. Three distinct groups were detected on the basis of leaf volatile oil composition, representing low, medium and high percentages of piperitone, with 43, 3 and 4 plants in each respectively. The low piperitone group contained two subgroups differing in the inversely varying amounts of α-phellandrene and p-cymene. While there was variation in leaf and fruit morphological characters and in flavonoid composition, there was no correlation between any of these characters and the leaf volatile oil chemical groups. Groups could also be distinguished on the basis of morphological characters, especially fruit characters, but these morphological groups were not as distinct as those based on volatile oil characters. There was no association between the morphological groups and the chemical groups on the basis of group membership. The nature and importance of this variation within a Eucalyptus population are discussed.

Genetic Diversity of Basil (Ocimum spp. - Lamiaceae) Based on RAPD Markers and Volatile Oil Constituents

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 492f-493
Author(s):  
Roberto F. Vieira ◽  
James E. Simon ◽  
Peter Goldsbrough ◽  
Antonio Figueira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

Essential oils extracted from basil (Ocimum spp.) by steam distillation are used to flavor foods, oral products, in fragrances, and in traditional medicines. The genus Ocimum contains around 30 species native to the tropics and subtropics, with some species naturalized and/or cultivated in temperate areas. Interand intraspecific hybridization have created significant confusion in the botanical systematics of this genus. Taxonomy of basil (O. basilicum) is also complicated by the existence of numerous varieties, cultivars, and chemotypes within the species that do not differ significantly in morphology. In this study we are using RAPD markers and volatile oil composition to characterize the genetic diversity among the most economically important Ocimum species. We hypothesize that the genetic similarity revealed by molecular markers will more accurately reflect the morphological and chemical differences in Ocimum than essential oil composition per se. Preliminary research using five Ocimum species, four undetermined species, and eight varieties of O. basilicum (a total of 19 accessions) generated 107 polymorphic fragments amplified with 19 primers. RAPDs are able to discriminate between Ocimum species, but show a high degree of similarity between O. basilicum varieties. The genetic distance between nine species and among 55 accessions within the species O. americanum, O. basilicum, O. campechianum, O. × citriodorum, O. gratissimum, O. kilimandscharium, O. minimum, O. selloi, and O. tenuiflorum will be analyzed by matrix of similarity and compared to the volatile oil profile. This research will for the first time apply molecular markers to characterize the genetic diversity of Ocimum associate with volatile oil constituent.

scholarly journals  New menthone type of Mentha pulegium L. volatile oil from northwest Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Hassanpouraghdam ◽  
A.B. Akhgari ◽  
M.A. Aazami ◽  
J. Emarat-Pardaz
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽  
Main Class ◽  
Northwest Iran ◽  
A Minor

The constituents of the volatile oil of air-dried aerial parts of Mentha pulegium L. (Lamiaceae) plants wildly growing in Northwest Iran were analysed by GC/MS. 46 components were identified, comprising 96.6% of the essential oil. Monoterpenes (78.9%) were the main class of the identified components followed by a minor proportion of sesqui-<br />terpenes (11%). Oxygenated monoterpenes (75.3%) were the major subclass of volatile oil components with menthone (38.7%), menthol (11.3%), neomenthol (10.5%), and pulegone (6.8%) as major compounds. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (10.6%) were the highlighted subclass of 15 carbons sesquiterpenoidal compounds with (E)-caryophyllene (4.9%) and &beta;-cubebene (2.5%) as their principle representatives. Furthermore, menthyl acetate (C<sub>12</sub> acetylated monoterpene derived compound) was contained considerable amounts (5.2%) in the essential oil. In total, volatile oil composition of M. pulegium L. plants studied in the present experiment was characterised as a new menthone type with appreciable amounts of menthol and neomenthol, and it could be used as a potential source of these high value monoterpenes in pharmaceutical and food industries.

Volatile Oil Composition ofAspidosperma cylindrocarponMuell. Arg. Leaves

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melânia Lopes Cornélio ◽  
João Henrique G. Lago ◽  
Paulo Roberto H. Moreno ◽  
Miriam Anders Apel ◽  
Amélia T. Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Oil Composition

scholarly journals Volatile oils analysis of fern (Pteridophyte) around Pangajaran waterfalls, Wonosalam, Jombang

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
YUYUN MARINI ◽  
SUTARNO SUTARNO ◽  
AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Mesophyll Tissue ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Percentage Similarity ◽  
Leaf P

The aims of the research were: to know species diversity of fern (Pteridophyte) from Pangajaran, Wonosalam, Jombang, to know fern species containing volatile oil, to know concentration and percentage similarity of substances and characteristics of the substances containing in the oil, and to know the structure of cell producing volatile oil in trees and leaf of the fern. Fern diversity was studied by field survey, volatile oil concentration measured by hydro-distillation followed with gas chromatography to further know the components in the oil, while structure of the cell producing volatile oil was detected cross section of the trees and leaf for microscopic analysis. Based on the data and analysis result can be concluded that there were 13 fern species in Pangajaran. Two of the 13 species were confirmed as producing volatile oil, Pteris beaurita Linn. and Cyathea contaminans, that were produced volatile on their leaf only. Concentration of volatile oil of leaf P. beaurita was 0,005%, while in C. contaminans 0,01%. Percentage similarity of the volatile oil between two species based on its Retention Time (RT) was 2,5%, at the RT point of 21.247 in P. beaurita and at RT point of 21.294 in C. contaminans. Percentage similarity of both species based on morphological characters was 36.36%. Location of volatile oil producing cells in both species of fern was spreadly dispersed in schlerenchyma tissue and in mesophyll tissue of the leaf.

scholarly journals Chemical and Biological Profile and Allergenicity of Thymus baicalensis Plant of Mongolian Origin

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1905
Author(s):  
Tuya Narangerel ◽  
Michał Sójka ◽  
Radosław Bonikowski ◽  
Konrad Jastrząbek ◽  
Witold Sroczyński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Polyphenolic Composition ◽  
Health Promoting

Thymus baicalensis is a medicinal plant recognized as a traditional Mongolian therapeutic and health-promoting food supplement. The aim of the study was to check the suitability of the tested plant for supporting the treatment of certain diseases. The following study is the first one to showcase the versatile scope of characteristics of T. baicalensis, including its volatile oil composition, polyphenolic composition, lipid composition, phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial properties and ingestive allergenicity. Myrcene, at 26.15%, was shown to be the most abundant component of the volatile oil. Compounds known as inherent components of the Thymus genus: thymol and carvacrol made up only about 0.24% of the extracted oil. As much as 10.11 g kg−1 of polyphenol compounds were identified as derivatives of luteolin-7-O-glucuronide. The lipid extract was found to be rich in palmitic acid (31.05%), while unsaturated fatty acids were not reported. Spectrophotometric determination of the phenols and flavonoids indicated 7.541 mg of gallic acid g−1 and 4.345 mg of quercitin g−1, respectively. The free radical scavenging activity was determined by the 2,2-difenylo-1-pikrylohydrazyl method at IC50 = 206.97 µg mL−1. The extracts also had a strong inhibitory effect on M. flavus and P. fluorescenes bacteria, as well as S. cerevisiae yeasts. The Bet v 1 and profilin allergens in T. baicalensis were reported at 175.17 ng g−1 and 1.66 ng g−1, respectively.

scholarly journals Variations in genetic structure and male genitalia suggest recent lineage diversification in the Neotropical dung beetle complex Canthon cyanellus (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-520
Author(s):  
Janet Nolasco-Soto ◽  
Mario E Favila ◽  
Alejandro Espinosa De Los Monteros ◽  
Jorge González-Astorga ◽  
Gonzalo Halffter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Taxonomic Assignment ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Significant Genetic Structure

Abstract We analysed the genetic divergence and morphology of the aedeagus (i.e. phallobase and parameres) in Canthon cyanellus at different geographical levels. The results from both approaches were compared with the current taxonomic assignment of the C. cyanellus complex, which includes three subspecies. We found a high variation in all the morphological characters of the aedeagus in the populations analysed; the morphometric variation was not geographically structured, either by population or by region. The genealogical analysis indicates a significant genetic structure that does not match either the morphological variation in the male genitalia or the previous subspecific taxonomic classification. Our results suggest that the morphological variation of the aedeagus is seemingly not an isolating reproductive barrier and that the intra- and interpopulation morphological variability of the aedeagus in the C. cyanellus complex does not permit the division into several species. We suggest that other evolutionary forces, such as genetic drift and sexual selection, have influenced the evolution of the male genitalia and the incipient differentiation of this species complex.

Morphological variation in the genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) and taxonomic status of Juliomys anoblepas (Winge 1887) from the Quaternary of Southeast Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4861 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-443
Author(s):  
CAROLINA PIRES ◽  
MARCELO WEKSLER ◽  
CIBELE R. BONVICINO
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Qualitative Characters

The region of Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, is one of the most important karstic areas of the Brazilian Quaternary due to the faunistic diversity of living and extinct forms. Among them, some taxa remain poorly studied, as is the case of Calomys anoblepas Winge 1887. Despite the recent allocation of the taxon within Juliomys, its description and morphological analysis are condensed, based on comparative few specimens and on few informative characters. In this study, we investigate characters proposed to distinguish species of Juliomys, and reevaluate the taxonomic status of the fossil Juliomys anoblepas. We analyzed 80 cranio-dental morphological characters in 233 specimens represented by the four species currently recognized: J. pictipes (Osgood 1933), J. rimofrons Oliveira & Bonvicino 2002, J. ossitenuis Costa, Pavan, Leite & Fagundes 2007, and J. ximenezi Christoff, Vieira, Oliveira, Gonçalves, Valiati & Tomasi 2016. We also performed principal component analysis on eight craniodental measurements available for the J. anoblepas hypodigm. The review of morphological systems and the evaluation of the characters used in the literature revealed that there are no diagnostic characters in the anterior portion of the skull and in the molar series of Juliomys, being difficult to differentiate the fossil from the other living species. Only six qualitative characters were variable and applicable to the hypodigm of J. anoblepas. Characters are polymorphic, invariable, or the fossil is not sufficiently complete to determinate its states. The taxon could not be morphometrically differentiated from J. pictipes and J. ossitenuis. Based on the results presented herein, we consider J. anoblepas as a nomen dubium and restrict its name to the taxon’s hypodigm. 

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