Systematic studies in Paniceae (Poaceae): Homopholis and Whalleya gen. et sp. nov.

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Wills ◽  
R. D. B. Whalley ◽  
Jeremy J. Bruhl
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Parsimonious Tree ◽  
The Third ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
Cladistic Analyses

The taxonomy ofHomopholis C.E.Hubb. is revised, and anew genus Whalleya K.E.Wills & J.J.Bruhl isdescribed. Relationships among the known species ofHomopholis (H. belsonii C.E.Hubb.,H. proluta F.Muell., and a putative species,H. sp. nov.), and the relationships betweenHomopholis and other genera within the Paniceae were investigated. Morphological and anatomical data forHomopholis and selected species ofDigitaria and Panicum were analysed phenetically and cladistically. The value and contribution ofcharacters to the findings were assessed. In the phenetic analyses, threedistinct clusters of species were formed. The first cluster includedDigitaria coenicola (F.Muell.) Hughes,D. divaricatissima (R.Br.) Hughes andD. papposa (R.Br.) P.Beauv.; the second,Panicum effusum R.Br.,P. queenslandicum Domin var.queenslandicum and P. simileDomin; and the third, H. sp. nov.,H. proluta, H. belsonii andP. subxerophilum Domin. Specimens ofH. belsonii noticeably separated from the other threespecies. For the cladistic analyses, species ofEntolasia and Thyridolepis were used as outgroup taxa. One most parsimonious tree was produced.Homopholis belsonii was well supported as the most basalmember of the ingroup. The three species ofDigitariaformed a well-supported clade.Panicum effusum, P. queenslandicumvar. queenslandicum and P. simileformed a well-supported clade, and were the sister group toEntolasia marginata (R.Br.) Hughes andE. stricta (R.Br.) Hughes.Panicum subxerophilum was in a clade (=Whalleya) with H. sp. nov. andH. proluta, with P. subxerophilumand H. proluta as sister species.

Biochemical Systematics of the Australian Dotterels and Plovers (Charadriiformes, Charadriidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Christian ◽  
L Christidis ◽  
R Schodde
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Golden Plover

Allozyme variation at 38 presumptive protein loci was examined among seven Australian breeding and four migratory species of plovers, dotterels and lapwings (Charadriidae). Using the silver gull (Laridae), Australian pratincole (Glareolidae) and bush stone-curlew (Burhinidae) as outgroups, phenetic and cladistic analyses consistently identified four major clusters within the species examined. The first comprised the oriental plover, Charadrius veredus, the double-banded plover, C bicinctus, the red-capped plover, C. ruficapillus and the Mongolian plover, C. mongolus, together with the inland dotterel, Peltohyas australis. The second cluster contained the hooded plover, C. rubricollis and the black-fronted plover, C. melanops. The third contained the banded lapwing, Vanellus tricolor, and the masked lapwing, V. miles, together with the red-kneed dotterel, Erythrogonys cinctus. The Pacific golden plover, Pluvialis fulva, separated as a sister group to all of the other Charadriidae. These allozyme data are used to predict a phylogeny for the Australian Charadriidae and, assessed against morphological and behavioural characters, to propose a new taxonomic treatment.

The Nearctic caddisfly genus Hesperophylax Banks (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2443-2472 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Parker ◽  
G. B. Wiggins
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Habitat Specialization ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Subjective Synonym

Seven species of Hesperophylax are recognized: alaskensis (Banks), consimilis (Banks), designatus (Walker), magnus Banks, minutus Ling, occidentalis (Banks), and mexico n.sp. Hesperophylax alaskensis is reestablished as a valid species distinct from occidentalis. Hesperophylax incisus Banks is placed as a junior subjective synonym of designatus. Hesperophylax oreades Saether is placed as a junior subjective synonym of Psychoronia costalis (Banks). Keys are provided for identification of males, females, and larvae. A hypothesis of phylogeny is proposed in which consimilis is the sister group of all other Hesperophylax; magnus and mexico are sister species and together are the closest relatives of occidentalis, designatus, and alaskensis; designatus and alaskensis are sister species. An interpretation of biogeography is offered, suggesting how geological events affected the origin and distribution of Hesperophylax species. Data on food, life cycle, habitat, and distribution are given. All species appear to be univoltine with extended flight periods. Larvae are opportunistic omnivores, but magnus is more predaceous than the other species. Differences in mandibular morphology between consimilis and the other species are not reflected in the food habits of the larvae. Among Trichoptera the species of Hesperophylax are little differentiated morphologically and most species vary within unusually broad limits; most species occur in a wider range of habitat types than do other Trichoptera. Perhaps those factors represent a genetic plasticity selected for generalized adaptability rather than the habitat specialization of other Trichoptera.

A phylogenetic reassessment of the monophyletic status of the family Soleidae, with comments on the suborder Soleoidei (Pisces; Pleuronectiformes)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2797-2810 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Chapleau ◽  
Allen Keast
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level

This article presents the phylogenetic conclusions of an osteological study of species belonging to the subfamilies (Soleinae and Achirinae) of the dextral flatfish family Soleidae (Pieuronectiformes; Soleoidei). A cladistic analysis of the data revealed that the subfamilies, but not the family, are monophyletic. The Soleinae were found to be more closely related to the other soleoid family, the Cynoglossidae, than to the Achirinae. If we accept the principle that only monophyletic groups are to be admitted into Linnean classification, it is suggested that the two subfamilies be raised to the family level. The anatomical data led to the proposal (with caution) that the sister group of the achirid–soleid–cynoglossid lineage is the pleuronectid subfamily Samarinae. Consequently, it is suggested that the suborder Soleoidei be eliminated by incorporating its three families into the Pleuronectoidei which becomes monophyletic. Also, it is proposed that the Pleuronectid subfamilies (Pleuronectinae, Poecilopsettinae, Paralichthodinae, Rhombosoleinae, Samarinae) be raised to the family level. However, since the monophyletic status of these taxa is dubious (except for the Samarinae) any hypothesis including them must await a proper cladistic analysis of their intra- and inter-relationships.

Revision of the orthoclad genus Propsilocerus Kieffer (= Tokunagayusurika Sasa) (Diptera: Chironomidae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole A. Sæther ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Larval Instars

AbstractGeneric diagnoses to all stages of the genus Propsilocerus Kieffer, 1923 (= Tokunagayusurika Sasa, 1978, syn. n.) are given. Parsimony analyses of the primitive orthoclads show that either the more plesiomorphic genera of Orthocladiinae form a monophyletic group or Propsilocerus may be more closely related to less plesiomorphic groups. Chasmatonotus Loew forms its likely sister group. The genus is monophyletic in all cladograms. A synapomorphic diagram for Propsilocerus shows P. sinicus sp. n. forming the sister species of the other four species. Keys are given to all stages. Propsilocerus sinicus is described from male and female imagines and as pupa; P. akamusi (Tokunaga) is redescribed in all stages and in all larval instars; P. taihuensis (Wen, Zhou & Rong) comb. n. as male and female; P. paradoxus (Lundström) as male, female and pupa; and P. lacustris Kieffer is described in all stages.

The genus Sciarotricha gen. n. (Sciaridae) and the phylogeny of recent and fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera)

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Vilkamaa ◽  
Heikki Hippa
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses

AbstractThe phylogeny of the main groups of the Sciaroidea, including the fossil Antefungivoridae, Archizelmiridae, Mesosciophilidae, Pleciofungivoridae, Pleciomimidae, Protopleciidae and Bolitophilidae: Mangasinae, and an extant new taxon, was studied by parsimony analysis. Two cladistic analyses of seventy-eight morphological characters from adults were made. One analysis, with forty-one extant taxa in the ingroup and the other, with the addition of twelve fossil taxa, both produced two most parsimonious cladograms. The phylogenetic hypotheses obtained differed from each other, and in part also to a great extent from previous ones although most of the traditionally recognized groups appeared monophyletic, including the speciose Cecidomyiidae and Sciaridae. The Cecidomyiidae (fossil analysis) or the Keroplatidae-Ditomyiidae (extant analysis) appeared as the sister-group of the rest of the Sciaroidea. Following on from these analyses, we propose emending the current Sciaridae to include the following subfamilies: Archizelmirinae stat. n., Rangomaraminae stat. n., Sciarinae, Sciarosominae subfam. n. and Sciarotrichinae subfam. n. A new taxon from Namibia, Sciarotricha biloba gen. n., sp. n. is described, and, according to the phylogenetic analysis, is placed in the Sciaridae (Sciarotrichinae). The sister-group of the Sciaridae as newly defined is the Mycetophilidae group, in the extant analysis including the Mycetophilidae, Manotidae, Lygistorrhinidae, Pterogymnus and Sciaropota, and in the fossil analysis even including the Mesosciophilidae and the Ohakunea group (Ohakunea + Colonomyia).

A revision of the congrogadid fish genus Halidesmus (Pisces: Perciformes), with the description of a new species from Kenya and a list of the species included in the family

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 754-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Winterbottom
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Line Structure ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tentative Hypothesis ◽  
Lateral Lines ◽  
A New Species

The genus Halidesmus is unique within the Congrogadidae in the possession of three lateral lines. The three species are described, diagnosed, and illustrated, and a key to the species is provided. One of these species, from Kenya, is described as new and is distinguished from the other two species in lacking scales on the cheek and nape, in having 11 suborbital pores, and in the degree of development and form of the lateral lines and associated pores. A tentative hypothesis of relationships is proposed, based primarily on lateral-line structure, relating H. scapularis to Halidesmus polytretus n. sp. as sister species together forming the sister group of H. thomaseni.

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Atanu Seni ◽  
Bhimasen Naik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

Retroaktive Neuverhandlung

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martin Feige
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
The Third ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Relationship

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage historischer Folgeverhältnisse in der Kunst. Gegenüber dem Gedanken, dass es ein ursprüngliches Werk in der Reihe von Werken gibt, das späteren Werken seinen Sinn gibt, schlägt der Text vor, das Verhältnis umgekehrt zu denken: Im Lichte späterer Werke wird der Sinn früherer Werke neu ausgehandelt. Dazu geht der Text in drei Schritten vor. Im ersten Teil formuliert er unter der Überschrift ›Form‹ in kritischer Abgrenzung zu Danto und Eco mit Adorno den Gedanken, dass Kunstwerke eigensinnig konstituierte Gegenstände sind. Die im Gedanken der Neuverhandlung früherer Werke im Lichte späterer Werke vorausgesetzte Unbestimmtheit des Sinns von Kunstwerken wird im zweiten Teil unter dem Schlagwort ›Zeitlichkeit‹ anhand des Paradigmas der Improvisation erörtert. Der dritte und letzte Teil wendet diese improvisatorische Logik unter dem Label ›Neuaushandlung‹ dann dezidiert auf das Verhältnis von Vorbild und Nachbild an. The article proposes a new understanding of historical succession in the realm of art. In contrast to the idea that there is an original work in the series of works that gives meaning to the works that come later, the text proposes to think it exactly the other way round: in the light of later works, the meanings of earlier works are renegotiated. The text proceeds in three steps to develop this idea. Under the heading ›Form‹ it develops in the first part a critical reading of Danto’s and Eco’s notion of the constitution of the artworks and argues with Adorno that each powerful work develops its own language. In the second part, the vagueness of the meaning of works of art presupposed in the idea of renegotiating earlier works in the light of later works is discussed under the term ›Temporality‹ in terms of the logic of improvisation. The third and final part uses this improvisational logic under the label ›Renegotiation‹ to understand the relationship between model and afterimage in the realm of art.

Features of the course and treatment of glaucoma during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
T. V. Chernyakova ◽  
A. Yu. Brezhnev ◽  
I. R. Gazizova ◽  
A. V. Kuroyedov ◽  
A. V. Seleznev
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chronic Progressive Disease ◽  
Hypotensive Therapy ◽  
Eye Pressure

In the review we have integrated all up-to-date knowledge concerning clinical course and treatment of glaucoma among pregnant women to help specialists choose a proper policy of treatment for such a complicated group of patients. Glaucoma is a chronic progressive disease. It rarely occurs among childbearing aged women. Nevertheless the probability to manage pregnant patients having glaucoma has been recently increasing. The situation is complicated by the fact that there are no recommendations on how to treat glaucoma among pregnant women. As we know, eye pressure is progressively going down from the first to the third trimester, so we often have to correct hypotensive therapy. Besides, it is necessary to take into account the effect of applied medicines on mother health and evaluate possible teratogenic complications for a fetus. The only medicine against glaucoma which belongs to category B according to FDA classification is brimonidine. Medicines of the other groups should be prescribed with care. Laser treatment or surgery may also be a relevant decision when monitoring patients who are planning pregnancy or just bearing a child. Such treatment should be also accompanied by medicines.

The Nile Delta during the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom periods. Preliminary remarks on the evolution of settlement landscape

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-61
Author(s):  
Natalia Małecka-Drozd
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Early Dynastic ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Settlement Landscape ◽  
New Settlements

The 3rd millennium BC appears to be a key period of development of the historical settlement landscape in ancient Egypt. After the unification of the country, the process of disappearance of the predynastic socio-political structures and settlement patterns associated with them significantly accelerated. Old chiefdoms, along with their centres and elites, declined and vanished. On the other hand, new settlements emerging in various parts of the country were often strictly related to the central authorities and formation of the new territorial administration. Not negligible were climatic changes, which influenced the shifting of the ecumene. Although these changes were evolutionary in their nature, some important stages may be recognized. According to data obtained during surveys and excavations, there are a number of sites that were considerably impoverished and/or abandoned before and at the beginning of the Old Kingdom. On the other hand, during the Third and Fourth Dynasties some important Egyptian settlements have emerged in the sources and begun their prosperity. Architectural remains as well as written sources indicate the growing interest of the state in the hierarchy of landscape elements and territorial structure of the country.

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