Morphological Variation within the Boronia grandisepala Group (Rutaceae) and the Description of Nine Taxa Endemic to the Northern Territory, Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco F. Duretto ◽  
Pauline Y. Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Clustering Techniques ◽  
Arnhem Land ◽  
Western Portion ◽  
Related Complex

Within Boronia Sm. section Valvatae (Benth.) Engl. the B. grandisepala F.Muell. species group is characterised by a calyx as large or larger than the corolla, simple leaves, and multiangular stellate hairs. The group includes B. grandisepala, a related complex of species, and six newly described species: B. amplectens Duretto, B. quadrilata Duretto, B. suberosa Duretto, B. verecunda Duretto, B. viridiflora Duretto and B. xanthastrum Duretto. All taxa are endemic to the Northern Territory. A phenetic analysis using clustering techniques and multidimensional scaling was used to define taxa within the B. grandisepala species complex. Four taxa were recognised in the complex and three, B. grandisepala subsp. acanthophida Duretto, B. laxa Duretto, and B. prolixa Duretto, are described here. Boronia grandisepala is lectotypified. A key to the species is provided. High levels of diversity and endemism in the flora of the western portion of the Arnhem Land plateau are discussed.

A chequered history: the taxonomy of Ficus platypoda and F. leucotricha (Moraceae: Urostigma sect. Malvanthera) unravelled

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale J. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Clustering Techniques ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Species Complexes

A revision of the species complexes of ‘Ficus platypoda’ and ‘Ficus leucotricha’ (Moraceae: Urostigma sect. Malvanthera Corner) is presented. A phenetic analysis of morphometric characters using clustering techniques and multidimensional scaling was used to identify the taxa in each species complex. Two species from each complex are recognised and include Ficus brachypoda (Miq.) Miq. and here described Ficus atricha D.J. Dixon from the ‘F. platypoda’ complex and F. platypoda (Miq.) A. Cunn. ex Miq. and here describedFicus cerasicarpa D.J. Dixon from the ‘F. leucotricha’ complex. Each Ficus species is pollinated by a morphologically distinct pollinator wasp. Ficus platypoda is pollinated by Pleistodontes cuneatusWiebes. Ficus cerasicarpa, F. atricha and F. brachypodaare pollinated by wasps that are new species yet to be described. The nomenclature of F. brachypoda and F. platypoda is discussed and a key to the species as well as notes and distribution maps are provided for all four species.

Figuring out the figs: the Ficus obliqua-Ficus rubiginosa Complex (Moraceae: Urostigma sect. Malvanthera)

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale J. Dixon ◽  
B. R. Jackes ◽  
L. M. Bielig
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Clustering Techniques ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa

A revision of the Ficus obliqua—F. rubiginosa complex (Moraceae: Urostigma sect. Malvanthera Corner) is presented. A phenetic analysis of morphometric characters using clustering techniques and multidimensional scaling was used to identify the taxa in this complex. Three taxa are recognised, F. obliqua G.Forst., F. rubiginosa Desf. ex Vent. f. rubiginosa and F. rubiginosa f. glabrescens (F.M.Bailey) D.J.Dixon. Each taxon is redescribed. The epithet glabrescens of F. rubiginosa f. glabrescens is resurrected with a change in status. The data from the pollinator wasps strongly supports the taxonomy, with F. obliqua pollinated by Pleistodontes greenwoodi (Grandi) and F. rubiginosa sens lat. pollinated by P. imperialis Saunders. A key to the species and infraspecific taxa of F. rubiginosa as well as notes and distribution maps are provided for both species.

scholarly journals A late-Holocene multiproxy fire record from a tropical savanna, eastern Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362098803
Author(s):  
Emma Rehn ◽  
Cassandra Rowe ◽  
Sean Ulm ◽  
Craig Woodward ◽  
Michael Bird
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Tropical Savanna ◽  
Anthropogenic Fire ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon ◽  
Arnhem Land

Fire has a long history in Australia and is a key driver of vegetation dynamics in the tropical savanna ecosystems that cover one quarter of the country. Fire reconstructions are required to understand ecosystem dynamics over the long term but these data are lacking for the extensive savannas of northern Australia. This paper presents a multiproxy palaeofire record for Marura sinkhole in eastern Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia. The record is constructed by combining optical methods (counts and morphology of macroscopic and microscopic charcoal particles) and chemical methods (quantification of abundance and stable isotope composition of pyrogenic carbon by hydrogen pyrolysis). This novel combination of measurements enables the generation of a record of relative fire intensity to investigate the interplay between natural and anthropogenic influences. The Marura palaeofire record comprises three main phases: 4600–2800 cal BP, 2800–900 cal BP and 900 cal BP to present. Highest fire incidence occurs at ~4600–4000 cal BP, coinciding with regional records of high effective precipitation, and all fire proxies decline from that time to the present. 2800–900 cal BP is characterised by variable fire intensities and aligns with archaeological evidence of occupation at nearby Blue Mud Bay. All fire proxies decline significantly after 900 cal BP. The combination of charcoal and pyrogenic carbon measures is a promising proxy for relative fire intensity in sedimentary records and a useful tool for investigating potential anthropogenic fire regimes.

Heteroplasmy due to coexistence of mtCOI haplotypes from different lineages of theThrips tabacicryptic species group

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Gawande ◽  
S. Anandhan ◽  
A.A. Ingle ◽  
Alana Jacobson ◽  
R. Asokan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Putative Species

AbstractHeteroplasmy is the existence of multiple mitochondrial DNA haplotypes within the cell. Although the number of reports of heteroplasmy is increasing for arthropods, the occurrence, number of variants, and origins are not well studied. In this research, the occurrence of heteroplasmy was investigated inThrips tabaci, a putative species complex whose lineages can be distinguished by their mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. The results from this study showed that heteroplasmy was due to the occurrence of mitochondrial cytochrome oxydase I (mtCOI) haplotypes from two differentT. tabacilineages. An assay using flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR was then used to quantify the per cell copy number of the two mtCOI haplotypes present in individuals exhibiting heteroplasmy from nine geographically distant populations in India. All of theT. tabaciindividuals in this study were found to exhibit heteroplasmy, and in every individual the per cell copy number of mtCOI from lineage 3 comprised 75–98% of the haplotypes detected and was variable among individuals tested. There was no evidence to suggest that the presense of lineage-specific haplotypes was due to nuclear introgression; however, further studies are needed to investigate nuclear introgression and paternal leakage during rare interbreeding between individuals from lineages 2 and 3.

A revision of the Myopsalta crucifera (Ashton) species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettini) with 14 new species from mainland Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4340 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
LINDSAY W. POPPLE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Song Types

The genus Myopsalta Moulds is distributed throughout much of Australia. Previous studies have associated several undescribed species with the Myopsalta crucifera (Ashton) species complex. The present study informally divides the cicadas in the genus Myopsalta into two species groups. It provides a revision of the M. crucifera species group, which includes redescriptions of M. crucifera s. str. and M. mackinlayi (Distant). The identity of the latter species is further refined and attributed to material formerly presented under the name Myopsalta atrata (Goding & Froggatt). In addition to the redescriptions, 14 new species belonging to the M. crucifera species group are described, including M. albiventris n. sp., M. bassiana n. sp., M. chrysopedia n. sp., M. gordoni n. sp., M. leona n. sp., M. longicauda n. sp., M. majurae n. sp., M. melanobasis n. sp., M. parvula n. sp., M. platyptera n. sp., M. riverina n. sp., M. septa n. sp., M. umbra n. sp. and M. xerograsidia n. sp. A key to species in the genus Myopsalta is provided. Standard morphological descriptions and descriptions of calling songs unique to each species are included along with a discussion on different song types in the M. crucifera species group. 

scholarly journals Distribution of naked amoebae in the soils of the steppe zone of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
M. Patsyuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Molecular Clusters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Steppe Region ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Naked Amoebae

As a result of the study, in the steppe zone of Ukraine (Odessa, Mykolaiv, Kirovohrad region), 12 species of naked amoebas were identified, which according to the modern Eukaryot system belong to three molecular clusters Tubulinea Smirnov et al., 2005, Discosea Cavalier-Smith, 2004., Discoba Simpson and Hampl et al., 2009. This species Vahlkampfia sp. (1), Vahlkampfia sp. (2), Deuteramoeba mycophaga Page, 1988, Saccamoeba stagnicola Page, 1974, Vexillifera sp., Vannella sp. Ripellaplatypodia Smirnov, Nassonova, Chao et Cavalier-Smith, 2007, Cochliopodium sp. (1), Mayorella sp., Thecamoeba striata Penard, 1890, Stenamoeba stenopodia (Page, 1969) Smirnov et al., 2007, Acanthamoeba sp. (1). In the studied steppe soils, the most common were Vahlkampfia sp. (2), S. stenopodia, Vahlkampfia sp. (1), Vexillifera sp., Cochliopodium sp. (1); the least common – R. platypodia, D. mycophaga, T. striata, Mayorella sp. As a result of the cluster analysis, it was found that the largest share of common species is observed between Mykolaiv and Kirovograd regions (0.71) and Odessa and Kirovograd regions (0.53); the smallest is between the Odessa and Mykolaiv regions (0.43). According to the results of cluster analysis, the faunistic complexes of soil species of amoebae of the steppe region of Ukraine are united into two clusters: one of them being complexes characteristic of the Odessa region, and the other complexes of the Mykolaiv and Kirovograd regions. According to the results of nonparametric multidimensional scaling, it is established that the species complex of soil amoebae in the Kirovograd and Mykolaiv regions is determined by the increased soil temperature and acidity, compared to the Odessa region. As for moisture, this factor has little effect on the species complexes amoebae steppe region of Ukraine.

Revision of the taxonomy and distribution of the Neotropical Copris incertus species complex (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D.G. Darling ◽  
François Génier
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
New World ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
A New Species

AbstractCopris incertus Say, 1835 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Coprini) has been described as a New World coprophagous scarab distributed from Mexico to Ecuador with large discontinuities in its range between the Yucatán province and Costa Rica. The C. incertus species complex of the Copris minutus (Drury, 1773) species group consists of C. incertus, Copris laeviceps Harold, 1869, and Copris lugubris Boheman, 1858. Based on external morphology and male genitalia, we discovered that multiple species have been classified as C. incertus. Of these species, five are new: Copris amazonicusnew species, Copris brevicornisnew species, Copris davidinew species, Copris moroninew species, and Copris susanaenew species. Herein, we revise the organisation of the C. incertus species complex and propose a new species complex, the C. laeviceps species complex, which includes: C. davidi, Copris igualensis Warner, 1990, and C. laeviceps, formerly included in the C. incertus species complex. We provide an identification key along with species distribution maps, images of habitus, and diagnostic characters.

scholarly journals A new Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from Argentina, with taxonomic notes and molecular data on the G. tuberculifemur species complex

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1949 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGUEI V. TRIAPITSYN ◽  
GUILLERMO A. LOGARZO ◽  
JESSE H. DE LEÓN ◽  
EDUARDO G. VIRLA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Host Association ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Association Data ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Distinct Taxon

Gonatocerus deleoni Triapitsyn, Logarzo & Virla sp. n., reared from sentinel eggs of Tapajosa rubromarginata (Signoret) (Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae: Proconiini) on citrus plants, a new member of the ater species group of Gonatocerus Nees (Mymaridae), is described from the state of Mendoza, Argentina. Taxonomic notes and host association data are provided to help differentiate this new species from the morphologically similar but genetically distinct taxon, G. tuberculifemur (Ogloblin). The female of the latter is redescribed and the male is newly described. Gonatocerus deleoni, G. tuberculifemur, and three forms (different molecular clades) comprise the G. tuberculifemur complex. These forms are identified but not formally described because of lack of morphologically distinguishing features. The taxonomic conclusions are supported by molecular data, and by results of reciprocal cross-breeding experiments between most of them.

scholarly journals Colobopsis explodens sp. n., model species for studies on “exploding ants” (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with biological notes and first illustrations of males of the Colobopsis cylindrica group

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 1-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Laciny ◽  
Herbert Zettel ◽  
Alexey Kopchinskiy ◽  
Carina Pretzer ◽  
Anna Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Mandibular Gland ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Taxonomic Description ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Taxonomic Changes

A taxonomic description of all castes of Colobopsisexplodens Laciny & Zettel, sp. n. from Borneo, Thailand, and Malaysia is provided, which serves as a model species for biological studies on “exploding ants” in Southeast Asia. The new species is a member of the Colobopsiscylindrica (COCY) group and falls into a species complex that has been repeatedly summarized under the name Colobopsissaundersi (Emery, 1889) (formerly Camponotussaundersi). The COCY species group is known under its vernacular name “exploding ants” for a unique behaviour: during territorial combat, workers of some species sacrifice themselves by rupturing their gaster and releasing sticky and irritant contents of their hypertrophied mandibular gland reservoirs to kill or repel rivals. This study includes first illustrations and morphometric characterizations of males of the COCY group: Colobopsisexplodens Laciny & Zettel, sp. n. and Colobopsisbadia (Smith, 1857). Characters of male genitalia and external morphology are compared with other selected taxa of Camponotini. Preliminary notes on the biology of C.explodens Laciny & Zettel, sp. n. are provided. To fix the species identity of the closely related C.badia, a lectotype from Singapore is designated. The following taxonomic changes within the C.saundersi complex are proposed: Colobopsissolenobia (Menozzi, 1926), syn. n. and Colobopsistrieterica (Menozzi, 1926), syn. n. are synonymized with Colobopsiscorallina Roger, 1863, a common endemic species of the Philippines. Colobopsissaginata Stitz, 1925, stat. n., hitherto a subspecies of C.badia, is raised to species level.

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