A comprehensive vicariant model for Southwest Pacific biotas

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ung ◽  
B. Michaux ◽  
R. A. B. Leschen
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Southwest Pacific ◽  
Compatibility Analysis ◽  
Island Endemics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tectonic Development ◽  
Optimal Trees ◽  
General Period

In the present paper, we develop a new biogeographic model for the biota of the Southwest Pacific, using 76 published phylogenies for a range of island endemics or near-endemic organisms. These phylogenies were converted to areagrams by substituting distributions for taxa. Paralogy-free subtrees (3-item statements) were derived from these areagrams and used as input data into LisBeth that uses compatibility analysis and an exhaustive branch and bound algorithm to produce optimal trees. A general areagram is derived from all three-item statements common to the optimal trees. The results of the analysis show that the Melanesian Rift is not a natural biogeographic area; the islands of the Southwest Pacific are more closely related to each other than they are to Australia; and New Caledonia has had a long history of biological isolation. There is support for a general period of mobilism during the mid-Cenozoic when the biota as a whole expanded its range in response to regional uplift. By comparing the general areagram with what is known about the tectonic development of the region, it is possible to both calibrate the nodes of the areagram, and to identify points of conflict between the geological and biological data.

scholarly journals Tectonic history of northern New Caledonia Basin from deep offshore seismic reflection: Relation to late Eocene obduction in New Caledonia, southwest Pacific

Tectonics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Collot ◽  
Louis Geli ◽  
Yves Lafoy ◽  
Roland Vially ◽  
Dominique Cluzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Southwest Pacific ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
History Of

Evolutionary biogeography and tectonic history of the ghost moth families Hepialidae, Mnesarchaeidae, and Palaeosetidae in the Southwest Pacific (Lepidoptera: Exoporia)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4415 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN R. GREHAN ◽  
CARLOS G.C. MIELKE
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fault Zone ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Southwest Pacific ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
History Of

The biogeographic history of Exoporia (Lepidoptera) in the Southwest Pacific is reconstructed for genera and species that show distributional boundaries corresponding to tectonic structures in the region. Correlations with tectonic formations of Mesozoic origin such as the Whitsunday Volcanic Province and Otway-Bass-Gippsland Basin system in Australia, the Vitiaz Fracture Zone in northern Melanesia, and the Western Province-Eastern Province boundary, Waitaki Fault Zone, and Waihemo Fault Zone of New Zealand are presented as evidence of an East Gondwana origin for genera and species before the geological separation of Australia and New Zealand. The correlated boundaries also suggest that many extant species retain at least parts of their original East Gondwana distribution ranges. The presence of Exoporia on the northern Melanesian Arc, New Caledonia, and New Zealand is attributed to the tectonic isolation of these areas when East Gondwana expanded into the Pacific following retreat of the Pacific Plate subduction zone. Local endemism of Mnesarchaeidae in New Zealand is interpreted as the result of an original vicariance from a widespread ancestor (‘Exoporia’) resulting in two allopatric descendants —a narrowly distributed Mnesarchoidea and a widely distributed Hepialoidea. The current overlap of these two groups in New Zealand is explained as the result of subsequent range expansion by the Hepialoidea prior to geological fragmentation of East Gondwana. The potential impact of Cretaceous geography on modern distributions is also considered for Exoporia in southern Africa and northern America. Along with lateral displacement of Exoporia, tectonic processes also contributed to the origin of high elevation endemics through a process of passive tectonic uplift. 

scholarly journals Extensive introgression and mosaic genomes of Mediterranean endemic lizards

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizhao Yang ◽  
Nathalie Feiner ◽  
Catarina Pinho ◽  
Geoffrey M. While ◽  
Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
The Past ◽  
Island Endemics ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Mediterranean Island ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

AbstractThe Mediterranean basin is a hotspot of biodiversity, fuelled by climatic oscillation and geological change over the past 20 million years. Wall lizards of the genus Podarcis are among the most abundant, diverse, and conspicuous Mediterranean fauna. Here, we unravel the remarkably entangled evolutionary history of wall lizards by sequencing genomes of 34 major lineages covering 26 species. We demonstrate an early (>11 MYA) separation into two clades centred on the Iberian and Balkan Peninsulas, and two clades of Mediterranean island endemics. Diversification within these clades was pronounced between 6.5–4.0 MYA, a period spanning the Messinian Salinity Crisis, during which the Mediterranean Sea nearly dried up before rapidly refilling. However, genetic exchange between lineages has been a pervasive feature throughout the entire history of wall lizards. This has resulted in a highly reticulated pattern of evolution across the group, characterised by mosaic genomes with major contributions from two or more parental taxa. These hybrid lineages gave rise to several of the extant species that are endemic to Mediterranean islands. The mosaic genomes of island endemics may have promoted their extraordinary adaptability and striking diversity in body size, shape and colouration, which have puzzled biologists for centuries.

Archaeology of a Piece of Gondwanaland

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Sand
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Cultural Complex ◽  
Geological Diversity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonial Settlement

New Caledonia is the southern-most archipelago of Melanesia. Its unique geological diversity, as part of the old Gondwana plate, has led to specific pedological and floral environments that have, since first human settlement, influenced the ways Pacific Islanders have occupied and used the landscape. This essay presents some of the key periods of the nearly 3,000 years of pre-colonial human settlement. After having presented a short history of archaeological research in New Caledonia, the essay focuses first on the Lapita foundation, which raises questions of long-term contacts and cultural change. The second part details the unique specificities developed during the “Traditional Kanak Cultural Complex,” during the millennium predating first European contact, as well as highlighting the massive changes brought by the introduction of new diseases, in the decades before the colonial settlement era. This leads to questions about archaeological history and the role of archaeology in the present decolonizing context.

Embankment on sludge: predicted and observed performances

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien H Wu ◽  
Steven Z Zhou ◽  
Stephan M Gale
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Bayesian Updating ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Water Treatment Sludge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Finite Element Prediction ◽  
Test Embankment

The case history of an embankment built over soft water-treatment sludge is presented. To assure that the sludge would consolidate and gain strength as predicted, a test embankment was built. The observed performance of the test embankment was compared with the predicted performance to verify and modify design assumptions. The results were used to design and construct the full-scale embankment. The finite element method and the critical state model were used to predict the performances of the test embankment and the full-scale embankment. Bayesian updating and system identification were used to update the material properties used in the prediction for the test embankment. The updated properties were then used to update the prediction for the test embankment and to predict the performance of the full-scale embankment. These predictions were compared with the observed performances to evaluate the accuracies of the predictions with different input data. Efforts were made to identify factors that cause differences between predicted and measured performances.Key words: Bayesian updating, consolidation, finite-element prediction, shear strength, stability, water-treatment sludge.

Felsic plutonic rocks from the southern portion of the New Caledonian Ultramafic Belt

1973 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
Calc Alkaline ◽  
Mafic Rocks ◽  
Alkaline Magma ◽  
Southwest Pacific ◽  
Plutonic Rocks

SummaryGranodiorite stocks were intruded into the alpine peridotites of southern New Caledonia in the Eocene following overthrusting of the ultramafics onto the sialic core of the island. Strong zoning, from mela-diorite to granodiorite, is developed in one pluton and is believed to be the result of assimilation of ultramafic and mafic rocks by the calc-alkaline magma. Evidence in favour of a consanguineous relationship between the felsic and ultramafic rocks is largely circumstantial. In their petrography, mineralogy and chemistry, the rocks show few differences from other felsic plutonics of Tertiary age in the southwest Pacific.

scholarly journals A New Live-Bearing Species of Scincid Lizard (Reptilia: Scincidae) from New Caledonia, Southwest Pacific

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross A. Sadlier ◽  
Sarah A. Smith ◽  
Anthony Whitaker ◽  
Aaron M. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Southwest Pacific

Computers and infrared spectroscopy: evolution and revolution

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1781-1785 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Moffatt ◽  
J. K. Kauppinen ◽  
H. H. Mantsch
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Maximum Entropy Method ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
The Relationship

A brief history of the relationship between computer and infrared spectroscopist is given with emphasis on the use of the Fourier transform. Subsequently, an algorithm is developed that may be used to devise an objective Fourier self-deconvolution procedure which depends only on the input data and is not subject to the biases that are often introduced in such subjective techniques. Key words: deconvolution, Fourier transform, maximum entropy method.

Takhtajan's floristic regions and foliicolous lichen biogeography: a compatibility analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lücking
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
East African ◽  
Foliicolous Lichens ◽  
North East ◽  
Compatibility Analysis

AbstractTakhtajan's floristic regions of the world, based on vascular plant distribution, were used for a comparative analysis of foliicolous lichen biogeography. Of the 35 regions distinguished by that author, 23 feature foliicolous lichens. The South-East African, Fijian, Polynesian and Hawaiian regions lack sufficient information and were excluded from further analysis. Using multi-dimensional scaling and cluster and cladistic analyses, the remaining 19 regions were grouped into six lichenogeographical regions: (1) Neotropics, (2) African Paleotropics (including Madagascar, Réunion and Seychelles), (3) Eastern Paleotropics (including North-East Australia and New Caledonia), (4) Valdivian region (temperate rainforest in southern South America), (5) Tethyan region (subtropical areas of Macaronesia, Mediterranean, and Western Irano-Turanian) and (6) Neozealandic-Tasmanian region (temperate rainforests of New Zealand and Tasmania). Affinities between these six large scale regions, with 57–77% shared species, are still stronger than those between the 35 smaller scale regions denned by Takhtajan [(20−)40–60(−75)% shared species]. Based on presence/absence within each of the six regions, 22 potential distribution patterns were defined for foliicolous lichens. Many species are widely distributed; 21% are cosmopolitan or pantropical, while 19% are disjunct on at least two continents, and only 60% are restricted to one of the three major tropical areas (nearly 100% in vascular plants). Most of the latter are found in the Neotropics, while the African Paleotropics are poor in endemics. Most genera deviate significantly from overall distribution patterns; for example, Strigula and Calopadia have higher proportions of widely distributed species, while Porina displays a concentration of Eastern Paleotropical endemics. Species diversity and composition of the six regions indicate that the three extra-tropical foliicolous lichen biotas (Valdivian, Tethyan, Neozealandic-Tasmanian) are the result of partly separate evolutionary histories. On the other hand, there is a strong affinity between the Neotropics and the African Paleotropics, suggesting a shared Western Gondwanan element in the foliicolous lichen biotas of these two regions.

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