A quantitative study of morphology in Australian Craspedia (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Schmidt-Lebuhn ◽  
Kirsty V. Milner
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Homogeneity Analysis ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Cluster Concept ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Genotypic Cluster

The first comprehensive quantitative study of morphological characters in all Australian species of the billy button genus Craspedia (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) is presented. Homogeneity analysis and pair-wise reclassification tests are used to test species circumscriptions under the genotypic-cluster concept. Although most species are supported, C. aurantia and C. jamesii do not form separate morphological clusters, and C. jamesii is reduced to a variety of C. aurantia. Although our results indicated that C. variabilis may be synonymous with C. glauca, we reserve judgment because of the small number of specimens of the latter species included in the present study. Other species were found to be less problematic; however, additional and more detailed studies will be needed to clarify the circumscription of various species with woolly leaf indumentum, in particular C. canens, C. coolaminica and C. macrocephala. A synopsis of all Australian species of Craspedia is presented, together with a preliminary key.

A taxonomic review and phylogeny of the genera Hoplopisthius Senna, 1892 and Carcinopisthius Kolbe, 1892 (Coleoptera: Brentidae, Hoplopisthiini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2516 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTOINE MANTILLERI
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
One New Species

The genera Hoplopisthius and Carcinopisthius are reviewed. All the species are redescribed and illustrated and an updated identification key and distributional maps are provided. One new species from New Guinea is described (Hoplopisthius maximus n. sp.) and two new synonymies are proposed: Hoplopisthius celebensis Kolbe, 1892 = H. trichemerus Senna, 1892, n. syn. and Carcinopisthius lamingtoni Damoiseau, 1987 = C. forcipitiger Damoiseau, 1987, n. syn. Phylogenetic analysis using PAUP (maximum parsimony) was performed using 25 morphological characters of adults. This analysis shows the group Hoplopisthius + Carcinopisthius is monophyletic, but Carcinopisthius alone is paraphyletic. Nomenclatural changes at the generic level are made to reconcile nomenclature and phylogeny: Hoplopisthius is preserved; Carcinopisthius is downgraded to the rank of subgenus for the two oriental species H. oberthueri and H. fruhstorferi; and Pseudotaphroderes is resurrected as a third subgenus and includes all New-Guinean and Australian species.

The Australian species of Nicotiana L. (Solanaceae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
NT Burbidge
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Comprehensive Account

Since the publication of the comprehensive account of the genus Nicotiana by Goodspeed and his collaborators (1954), extensive collecting by the author has revealed the existence of a number of undescribed species and has resulted in the compilation of data which allow a better understanding of specific relationships between those previously known. In this paper the morphological characters by which species can be recognized are discussed, and five new species and two new subspecies are described. Two of the new species proved to have 23 pairs of chromosomes, thus filling a gap in the series of from 16 to 24 pairs which, with the exception of 17 pairs, has now been recorded for the Australian taxa. Notes on the relationships, the more important morphological features, and the geographical distribution are provided for all previously recognized species.

Two new genera and species of chiltoniid amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitroidea) from freshwater mound springs in South Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2293 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
RACHAEL A. KING
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Australian Freshwater

Amphipods within the family Chiltoniidae are an abundant yet taxonomically poorly known member of Australian freshwater habitats. With only four species known from Australia, the group is inadequately defined and marked by taxonomists as difficult to identify. Recent molecular analyses of chiltoniids from mound springs in South Australia detected several distinct species, prompting a morphological revision of material from the central and southern Lake Eyre region. Clear groups defined by unique combinations of morphological characters (focusing on uropodal, coxal, male gnathopod 2, and antennal morphology) were found that closely correlated with clades found in the molecular analyses. Arabunnachiltonia n. gen. is established for A. murphyi n. sp. from Strangways Springs in South Australia. Wangiannachiltonia n. gen. is established for W. guzikae n. sp. from Davenport Springs in South Australia. The chiltoniid genera are discussed and a key is presented to the known Australian species.

A new Candonopsini (Ostracoda) genus from subterranean waters of New South Wales (Australia)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4379 (2) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
IVANA KARANOVIC
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
New South ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
South American ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Central South ◽  
Subterranean Waters

The Australian Candonidae ostracod fauna has few surface water representatives, despite Australia being one of the principal centers of Candonidae biodiversity. The majority of Australian species live in subterranean waters, with most genera and one tribe being endemic to the continent. Species in Australia show Tethyan and Gondwana connections, with relatives living in European and Central/South American subterranean waters. I describe Hancockcandonopsis gen. nov. from boreholes in the alluvial aquifers of the Peel River and Hunter Valley, which at present contains five species, of which three are named, H. inachos sp. nov., H. io sp. nov., and H. tamworthi sp. nov., and two are left on the open nomenclature. All species are allopatric and short range endemics. The genus belongs to the almost cosmopolitan Candonopsini tribe, and the major generic autapomorphy is a hook-shaped h3-seta on the cleaning leg. Characters on the prehensile palps and hemipenis of Hancockcandonopsis indicate a close relationship with the Queensland genus Pioneercandonopsis Karanovic, 2005 and two West Indies genera, Cubacandona Danielopol, 1978 and Caribecandona Broodbaker, 1983. A cladistic analysis, based on 32 Candonopsini species and 24 morphological characters, is used to test phylogenetic relationships among Candonopsini genera globally. Several hypotheses about the historical biogeography of this tribe are discussed. 

Species status and conservation issues of New Zealand's endemic Latrodectus spider species (Araneae : Theridiidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cor J. Vink ◽  
Phil J. Sirvid ◽  
Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte ◽  
James W. Griffiths ◽  
Pierre Paquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Colour Variation ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Conservation Threats

New Zealand has two endemic widow spiders, Latrodectus katipo Powell, 1871 and L. atritus Urquhart, 1890. Both species face many conservation threats and are actively managed. The species status of the Latrodectus spiders of New Zealand was assessed using molecular (COI, ITS1, ITS2) and morphological methods and with cross-breeding experiments. Latrodectus katipo and L. atritus were not found to be reciprocally monophyletic for any of the gene regions or morphological traits. Other than colour, which is variable, there were no morphological characters that separated the two species, which cross-bred in the laboratory and produced fertile eggsacs. Colour variation is clinal over latitude and correlates significantly with mean annual temperature. We conclude that L. atritus is a junior synonym of L. katipo. An example of introgression from the Australian species L. hasseltii Thorell, 1870 was also detected and its conservation implications are discussed.

Systematics of a small Gehyra (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Einasleigh Uplands, Queensland: description of a new range restricted species

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4231 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAYLEEN BOURKE ◽  
RENAE C. PRATT ◽  
ERIC VANDERDUYS ◽  
CRAIG MORITZ
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Small Body Size ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
North East ◽  
Wet Tropics

The tropical savannah landscapes of Australia’s north, though previously overshadowed by the biodiverse rainforests of the Wet Tropics, are themselves now attracting interest for their biological significance and uniqueness. The Einasleigh Uplands region of north-east Queensland is home to a diverse group of mammals and reptiles and was previously recognised for its importance in shaping speciation in birds. Here we add a small saxicoline gecko to a growing list of recently described reptiles that are endemic to this region. Phylogenetic analyses including Gehyra species from the arid zone and the monsoonal tropics reveal that small Gehyra geckos in this area, while closely resembling Gehyra nana from the Top End and Kimberley, form a clade that is geographically isolated and phylogenetically distant from the G. nana complex. Instead, the Einasleigh Uplands taxon is sister to a large, arboreal species within the arid zone clade. It is readily distinguished from all lineages within the G. nana complex, its closest relative G. purpurascens, and all other rock-dwelling species from the arid zone by a combination of its very small body size, few subdigital lamellae, and mid tan to golden dorsal coloration with a pattern of scattered pale ocelli and irregular dark-brown blotches on a stippled background. We therefore describe this taxon as a new Australian species of Gehyra, Gehyra einasleighensis sp. nov., based on a combination of phylogenetic separation, morphological characters and discrete geographic distribution. 

A taxonomic review of Triodia bunicola and T. scariosa (Poaceae: Chloridoideae), based on morphological and molecular data

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte R. Hurry ◽  
Neville G. Walsh ◽  
Daniel J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Ordination Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Triodia bunicola (S.W.L.Jacobs) Lazarides and T. scariosa N.T.Burb. (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) were analysed to test their status as different species. Thirty-one morphological characters were scored for multivariate analysis for both species. Nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (rpl32–trnL) DNA data were analysed cladistically for 18 species of Triodia, with a focus on species from southern Australia to look at broader geographic patterns. Cladistic analysis and morphological ordination analysis indicated that T. bunicola should be regarded as a synonym of T. scariosa. DNA evidence also suggests that there is geographic partitioning for southern Australian species of Triodia.

scholarly journals Diversity of Lecidea (Lecideaceae, Ascomycota) species revealed by molecular data and morphological characters

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Ruprecht ◽  
H. Thorsten Lumbsch ◽  
Georg Brunauer ◽  
T.G. Allan Green ◽  
Roman Türk
Keyword(s):  
Ross Sea ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Continental Antarctica ◽  
Nuclear Its

AbstractThe diversity of lichens, especially crustose species, in continental Antarctica is still poorly known. To overcome difficulties with the morphology based species delimitations in these groups, we employed molecular data (nuclear ITS and mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequences) to test species boundaries within the genus Lecidea. Sampling was done along a north–south transect at five different areas in the Ross Sea region (Cape Hallett, Botany Bay to Mount Suess, Taylor Valley, Darwin Area and Mount Kyffin). A total of 153 specimens were collected from 13 localities. Phylogenetic analyses also include specimens from other regions in Antarctica and non-Antarctic areas. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses agreed in placing the samples from continental Antarctica into four major groups. Based on this phylogenetic estimate, we restudied the micromorphology and secondary chemistry of these four clades to evaluate the use of these characters as phylogenetic discriminators. These clades are identified as the following species Lecidea cancriformis, L. andersonii as well as the new species L. polypycnidophora Ruprecht & Türk sp. nov. and another previously unnamed clade of uncertain status, referred to as Lecidea sp. (L. UCR1).

What about intraspecific variation? Reassessment of taxonomic and phylogenetic characters in the genus Synoeca de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2899 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN C. CELY ◽  
CARLOS E. SARMIENTO
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Front View ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Tree Resolution

Morphological variation within and between species of the genus Synoeca was studied to test species status and to propose characters that fulfill the principles of communicability, unit delimitation, and conjunction for taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses. Twenty-six morphological characters obtained from the literature were analyzed; 16 of these characters clearly exhibited delimited states but only four of them were unique for each species. The status of every species of the genus was supported by geometric morphometrics of the head (front view, dorsal view and metasomal tergum 1) and by the presence of unique character states for each species. Phylogenetic analyses included nest and genitalia characters. Character reassessment provided a less resolved tree to that previously published. Including polymorphic characters did not improve tree resolution or clade support, while applying the conjunction test offered a more resolved and better supported tree. The study revealed the importance of analyzing variation in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies within and between species. A new key to species and a phylogenetic hypothesis are offered.

scholarly journals The genus Amegilla (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Anthophorini) in Australia: a revision of the subgenus Asaropoda

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 908 ◽  
pp. 45-122
Author(s):  
Remko Leijs ◽  
James Dorey ◽  
Katja Hogendoorn
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Species Delineation ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Flower Visitation ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

The species in the subgenus Amegilla (Asaropoda) are revised. Species delineation was decided based on diagnostic morphological characters as well as an incomplete phylogeny based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 sequence data. Strong support was obtained for separating the Australian species of Amegilla into the three subgenera previously proposed on the basis of morphology. The subgenus Asaropoda was found to comprise 21 species, including ten new species: A. albiclypeata Leijs, sp. nov., A. aurantia Leijs, sp. nov., A. batleyi Leijs, sp. nov., A. crenata Leijs, sp. nov., A. griseocincta Leijs, sp. nov., A. incognita Leijs, sp. nov., A. nitidiventris Leijs, sp. nov., A. scoparia Leijs, sp. nov., A. xylocopoides Leijs, sp. nov., and A. youngi Leijs, sp. nov. The subspecies A. preissi frogatti is raised to species level, and 16 new synonymies are proposed. Keys to the species of both sexes and descriptions or redescriptions are provided. Distribution maps, data on flower visitation and phenology are given.

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