Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Anthospermeae (Rubiaceae): Systematic and biogeographic implications

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cajsa L. Anderson ◽  
Johan H. E. Rova ◽  
Lennart Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Its Region ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ancestral Area ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Variation ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
One Step

Phylogeny of the tribe Anthospermeae is estimated on the basis of nucleotide sequence variation in the ITS region (nuclear ribosomal DNA) and the rps16 intron (plastid DNA). It is concluded that it is dubious whether the tribe is monophyletic including Carpacoce. If Carpacoce does belong to the tribe, then it is the sister group of all other genera. There is no support for the traditional subdivision of the tribe into three subtribes. Anthospermum, Galopina, Nenax and Phyllis form one strongly supported subclade. Coprosma, Durringtonia, Leptostigma, Nertera, Normandia, Opercularia and Pomax form another subclade in all most parsimonious trees, but this subclade lacks jackknife support. Opercularia and Pomax, referred to the subtribe Operculariinae, form a basal grade of this second group. However, trees on which Operculariinae are monophyletic are only one step longer than the most parsimonious ones. Normandia is deeply nested within Coprosma. The subdivision of Coprosma into two subgenera is shown to be artificial. It is suggested that the ancestral area of Anthospermeae is Africa, and that the group was spread by long-distance dispersal to north-eastern Antarctica. It is further suggested that occurrences in Hawaii, Tristan da Cunha, and America are due to long-distance dispersal at a time much later than primary cladogenesis.

Genetic structure of the rare and endangered moss Campylopus oerstedianus (Dicranaceae) in Europe

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Sabovljević ◽  
Jan-Peter Frahm
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
The One ◽  
European Populations

AbstractThe genetic structure, diversity and phylogeography of the moss species Campylopus oerstedianus in Europe was studied, based on the ITS region of the nrDNA of nine selected European populations. Although this species is only known in sterile stage, long-distance dispersal and gene flow among populations seem to be present within Europe. High levels of genetic differentiation between the investigated Greek population and the western European populations indicate a long lasting isolation.The populations from France and Switzerland root together and supposedly have a common origin. From the French populations, the one from the Pyrenees is the most basal one and the populations in the Massif Central and the Vosges Mts can be derived from it. This indicates relatively recent dispersal of the species from the Mediterranean to the north, in spite of the lack of sporophytes and the fact that the type of the dispersed propagules and their vectors are not obvious.

scholarly journals The Madeiran laurel forest endemic Goodyera macrophylla (Orchidaceae) is related to American orchids

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. e116
Author(s):  
Mike Thiv ◽  
Manuela Gouveia ◽  
Miguel Menezes de Sequeira
Keyword(s):  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Central American ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Laurel Forest ◽  
The North ◽  
Extinction Events

Macaronesian laurel forests harbour many herbs and laurophyllous trees with Mediterranean/European or Macaronesian affinities. Traditionally, the origin of these taxa has been explained by the relict hypothesis interpreting these taxa as relics of formerly widespread laurel forests in the European continent and the Mediterranean. We analysed the phylogenetic relationships of the Madeiran laurel forest endemic Goodyera macrophylla (Orchidaceae) using sequences from the nuclear ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) and plastid DNA regions. The results were incongruent, either the two Central American G. brachyceras and G. striata (ITS) or the North American G. oblongifolia (plastid DNA) were sister group to G. macrophylla. Nonetheless, biogeographic analyses indicated an American origin of this nemoral laurel forest plant in the two data sets. Molecular clock analyses suggest a colonisation of Madeira in the span of the upper Miocene/lower Pliocene to the Pleistocene. Although the relict hypothesis cannot be ruled out by our data when assuming extinction events on the European and northern African mainland, dispersal from Central or North America to the archipelago of Madeira is a much more likely explanation of the data.

Phylogenetic and genomic relationships in the genus Glycine Willd. based on sequences from the ITS region of nuclear rDNA

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna P. Kollipara ◽  
Ram J. Singh ◽  
Theodore Hymowitz
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Variation ◽  
Genomic Relationships ◽  
Its1 And Its2

Phylogenetic relationships among all 18 species of the genus Glycine were inferred from nucleotide sequence variation in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Pairwise sequence divergence values ranged from 0.2% (a single nucleotide) between Glycine max and Glycine soja to 8.6% between Glycine hirticaulis and Glycine falcata. The length of the ITS1 and ITS2 sequences ranged from 215 to 238 nucleotides and from 205 to 222 nucleotides, respectively, and that of 5.8S was 168 nucleotides across all the species. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS region clearly resolved all the genomic groups that were established previously based on cytogenetic and biochemical studies. Based on this study, we assign new genome symbols: HH to Glycine arenaria, H1H1 to Glycine hirticaulis, H2H2 to Glycine pindanica, II to Glycine albicans, and I1I1 to Glycine lactovirens. Parsimony analysis of the entire ITS region, using subgenus Soja as outgroup, resulted in a trichotomy consisting of the clades: G. falcata (F genome), Glycine cyrtoloba and Glycine curvata (C genome), and all other species (A, B, D, E, H, and I genomes) of the subgenus Glycine.Key words: Glycine spp., soybean, genomes, ITS region, rDNA.

scholarly journals The Evolutionary History of New Zealand Deschampsia Is Marked by Long-Distance Dispersal, Endemism, and Hybridization

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1001
Author(s):  
Zhiqing Xue ◽  
Josef Greimler ◽  
Ovidiu Paun ◽  
Kerry Ford ◽  
Michael H. J. Barfuss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Test Species ◽  
History Of

The contrasting evolutionary histories of endemic versus related cosmopolitan species provide avenues to understand the spatial drivers and limitations of biodiversity. Here, we investigated the evolutionary history of three New Zealand endemic Deschampsia species, and how they are related to cosmopolitan D. cespitosa. We used RADseq to test species delimitations, infer a dated species tree, and investigate gene flow patterns between the New Zealand endemics and the D. cespitosa populations of New Zealand, Australia and Korea. Whole plastid DNA analysis was performed on a larger worldwide sampling. Morphometrics of selected characters were applied to New Zealand sampling. Our RADseq review of over 55 Mbp showed the endemics as genetically well-defined from each other. Their last common ancestor with D. cespitosa lived during the last ten MY. The New Zealand D. cespitosa appears in a clade with Australian and Korean samples. Whole plastid DNA analysis revealed the endemics as members of a southern hemisphere clade, excluding the extant D. cespitosa of New Zealand. Both data provided strong evidence for hybridization between D. cespitosa and D. chapmanii. Our findings provide evidence for at least two migration events of the genus Deschampsia to New Zealand and hybridization between D. cespitosa and endemic taxa.

scholarly journals (269) Taxonomic Relationship of Korean Native Aster, Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1017A-1017
Author(s):  
Su-Young Hong ◽  
Kwang-Soo Cho ◽  
Ki-Oug Yoo ◽  
Jong-Taek Suh ◽  
Dong-Lim Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Total Length

There are 25 species of aster in Korea. There is a controversy about the taxonomical classification of Aster. The genus Aster was classified into four genera, Aster, Gymnaster, Kalimeris, and Heteropappus, by morphological characters. In order to clarify the phylogenetic position of aster, the nucleotide sequence of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was compared among 11 taxa in Korean native aster. The size of ITS1 and ITS2 ranged from 283 to 286 bp and from 251 to 257 bp, respectively. The size of 5.8S region was 164 bp in 11 taxa. The total length of ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2, A. tripolium was shown to be the shortest length, 701 bp; and A. scaber was shown to be the longest length, 706 bp. The G+C content of ITS1 ranged from 47.9% to 51.2% and ITS2 ranged from 52.2% to 55.1%. The range of each taxon was narrow. The total length of the character matrix was 708 characters. Among them, total indel showed 9; in the ITS1 region indel showed 6 it was 67%; and in the ITS2 region, indel showed 3. Most of the indels showed deletion or insertion of only one base pair, but in A. spathulifolius deleted two base pairs and in A. tripolium deleted five base pairs. But in A. yomena, A. hayatae, A. koraiensis, and A. hispidus, the indel was not detected. Phylogenetic trees did not even make a difference inter-genus, but A. yomena and A. koraiensis called genus Kalimeris and genus Gymnaster, respectively; these constituted a clade. A. hispidus called genus Heteropappus was placed as a sister group to the clade of A. ageratoides and A. glehni.

Rediscovery of pycnidia in Thamnolia vermicularis: implications for chemotype occurrence and distribution

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. LORD ◽  
Allison KNIGHT ◽  
Jennifer M. BANNISTER ◽  
Lars R. LUDWIG ◽  
William M. MALCOLM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
English Language ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractThamnolia vermicularis is a globally widespread arctic-alpine lichen with two distinct chemotypes. The intermixing of these chemotypes at the local scale and lack of genetic variation between them is puzzling given the apparent absence of specialized reproductive structures. Apothecia and conidiomata were originally reported for Thamnolia in the second half of the 19th century, but putative apothecia proved to be parasitic in origin. This study presents conclusive microscopic evidence for the existence of pycnidial conidiomata containing conidia on thalli of Thamnolia vermicularis from geographically widespread locations. Sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA from excised pycnidial conidiomata matched that of thallus tips from individual Thamnolia thalli. Our examination of the historic literature found that the occurrence of pycnidial conidiomata was never disproved, but this information was lost from the post-1920s English-language literature. Our rediscovery of pycnidial conidiomata indicates that Thamnolia vermicularis possesses a reproductive strategy with the potential for long-distance dispersal of multitudes of mitotically produced conidia, providing a plausible explanation for the cosmopolitan distribution of the species and the low levels of genetic variation among populations. Reversible processes, for example alternative splicing, warrant consideration as explanations for chemotype intermixing.

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