Relationship between clay mineralogy and exchangeable Al in red and yellow soils from the Islands of Okinawa and Java

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nurcholis ◽  
Yoshihiro Tokashiki ◽  
Kazuhiro Oya ◽  
Moritaka Shimo ◽  
Nobofumi Miyauchi
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Okinawa Island ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Red Soils ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Soil Clay

Red and yellow soils from tropical regions are generally more mature than their subtropical counterparts. Most of these soils contain kaolin as the dominant clay mineral. Exchangeable aluminium (Al) generally balances permanent negative charges and occupies strongly acidic exchange sites of the soil clay. The objective of this study was to identify those clay minerals that are most highly implicated in contributing exchangeable Al to red and yellow soils collected from the Islands of Okinawa and Java. All soils exhibited an acid reaction but varied in their exchangeable Al content and clay mineralogy. Clay content was high in all Javan soils but varied in those from Okinawa. Javan soils were dominated by kaolinite, and Okinawan soils by an association of illite and halloysite. However, 2 : 1-2 : 1 : 1 intergrades were significant components in both the Oku red soils (Okinawa Island) and the Pamagersari red soils (Java Island). Javan soils were characterised by a more mature (advanced) state of weathering than those from Okinawa. The source of exchangeable Al was halloysite in Okinawan soils and 2 : 1-2 : 1 : 1 intergrades in Javan soils.

scholarly journals Remaining phosphorus and sodium fluoride pH in soils with different clay contents and clay mineralogies

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Eduardo Alves ◽  
Arquimedes Lavorenti
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content ◽  
Discriminatory Capacity

The remaining phosphorus (Prem) has been used for estimating the phosphorus buffer capacity (PBC) of soils of some Brazilian regions. Furthermore, the remaining phosphorus can also be used for estimating P, S and Zn soil critical levels determined with PBC-sensible extractants and for defining P and S levels to be used not only in P and S adsorption studies but also for the establishment of P and S response curves. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of soil clay content and clay mineralogy on Prem and its relationship with pH values measured in saturated NaF solution (pH NaF). Ammonium-oxalate-extractable aluminum exerts the major impacts on both Prem and pH NaF, which, in turn, are less dependent on soil clay content. Although Prem and pH NaF have consistent correlation, the former has a soil-PBC discriminatory capacity much greater than pH NaF.

CLAY MINERALS IN CANADIAN SOILS: THEIR ORIGIN, DISTRIBUTION AND ALTERATION

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. KODAMA
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
The Past ◽  
Canadian Soils ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Mineral Alteration ◽  
Physiographic Regions

A literature survey was conducted to collect mineralogical data of Canadian soils. In the past 40 years, clay mineralogical data of varying precision have been reported for approximately 1200 samples from more than 380 pedons. Based on the data, (1) the distribution of clay minerals was examined physiographically, (2) an investigation was made to relate specific changes in clay minerals of pedons within a physiographic region to taxonomy, and (3) a comparison was made of the clay mineral alteration in the pedons of the same order in different physiographic regions. The results indicated that virtually no or minor alterations of clay minerals had occurred in pedons of many Canadian soils with the exception of Podzolic soils and to a limited extent, Brunisolic, Luvisolic and Gleysolic soils. In the Podzolic soils, chlorite disappeared or diminished in surface horizons, and micas and possibly some chlorites were transformed by hydration into partially or fully expansible clay minerals. For general soil clay mineral characterization, the analyses of one subsoil sample of a pedon would appear to be adequate for most soil orders. However, clay mineralogy has a potential to go much further in distinguishing minor changes and subtle differences in clay minerals. Such information would be useful in specific studies of soil development and in assessing trends in early stages of weathering. The current priorities of soil clay mineralogy in Canada should be improvement of methods of quantification and increasing the standardization of methodology and interpretation of results.

Influence of clay minerals and organic matter on effects of sodicity on soils

Soil Research ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Churchman ◽  
JO Skjemstad ◽  
JM Oades
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Interparticle Interactions ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Colloidal Form ◽  
Exchangeable Al

This review shows that the permeability of soils decrease because exchangeable sodium causes aluminosilicate clay minerals to swell and disperse in water. Among common soil minerals, only smectites with a high percentage of exchangeable Na show extensive swelling. Illites often remain dispersed in solutions of high electrical conductivity, partly because the shapes of their particles prevent strong cohesion. Smectites are often highly mobile, consistent with their small particle sizes. The dispersion of kaolinites varies with solution pH since a significant proportion of their charge can be variable. The sensitivity of soils to pH may be more strongly influenced by other, variably charged components than by the dominant aluminosilicates. Of these, metal oxides, hydroxides and oxyhydroxides can restrain the dispersion of aluminosilicate clay minerals. Organic matter can aid the dispersion of sodic soils while suppressing swelling. It can also be mobilized in a soluble form and probably also in a colloidal form under sodic conditions. Exchangeable Mg enhances dispersion from sodicity, but apparently to a greater extent in illitic soils than in smectitic soils. Exchangeable Al tends to prevent dispersion but the influence of clay mineralogy on its effect is apparently untested. The effect of sodicity upon soils is amplified by fineness of texture and by mechanical disturbance. Studies of soil fabric should increase the current poor understanding of the macroscopic effects of sodicity in terms of interparticle interactions of the pure components.

THE CLAY MINERALS IN SOME BRITISH COLUMBIA SUBSOILS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Clark ◽  
J. E. Brydon ◽  
H. J. Hortie
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The South ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
Montmorillonitic Clay

X-ray diffraction analysis was used to identify the clay minerals present in fourteen subsoil samples that were selected to represent some more important clay-bearing deposits in British Columbia. The clay mineralogy of the subsoils varied considerably but montmorillonitic clay minerals tended to predominate in the water-laid deposits of the south and illite in the soil parent materials of the Interior Plains region of the northeastern part of the Province.

scholarly journals Clay Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Pockmarked Surface Sediments from the Southwestern Xisha Uplift, South China Sea: Implications for Weathering and Provenance

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Hongfeng Lu ◽  
Qing Chen ◽  
Gayan Bandara ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
South China ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Northern South China Sea ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
X Ray ◽  
China Sea

In the northern South China Sea, pockmarks are widely distributed on the seabed offshore on the southwestern Xisha Uplift. The mineralogy and geochemistry of the clay minerals and surface sediments from the pockmark field were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis to trace the provenance, weathering, and sediment transportation system in the area. The clay minerals are primarily comprised of illite, smectite, kaolinite, and chlorite, showing a distribution of average weight percentages of 35%, 35%, 18%, and 13%, respectively. Based on the surrounding fluvial drainage basins and various transport mechanisms (current or monsoon), illite and chlorite primarily originate from rivers in Taiwan and the Mekong and Red Rivers. Kaolinite primarily originates from the Pearl River, and smectite derived from the Luzon arc system is primarily transported by surface currents with significant influence from the Kuroshio intrusion.

scholarly journals Mineralogical and Geochemical Trends in the Residual Soils above Basement Rocks in Ore Area, Southwestern Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Adewole John Adeola ◽  
Emmanuel Tamunobelema Tubonemi
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Residual Soils ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
Parent Rocks

Residual clays and laterite of economic values often occur within weathering profiles above basement rocks in tropical regions due to supergene enrichment and leaching of liable components. Previous studies in Ore area mainly on geochemistry of the basement rocks with scanty information on the weathered profiles. This study was carried out to determine the compositional characteristics of the basement rocks, the geochemical trends within the profiles above the parent rocks and the evaluation of their economic potentials.Petrographic study was carried out on thin sections of the rock samples. Elemental compositions of the rocks, clay, laterite, and top-soil were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Clay mineralogy was determined using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Chemical index of Alterations (CIA) was calculated from geochemical data.Weathering of granite and banded gneiss in Ore resulted in the formation of soil layer, which ranged 0-0.5m, laterite 1.2-3m and clayey zone 2.9-3.0m. Quartz, plagioclase feldspars, microcline, biotite and hornblende were the essential minerals in the parent rocks. Granite and banded gneiss is high SiO2 (>65%) but low in MgO (<2.0%) and CaO (<4.0%). Kaolinite (60-80%), goethite (3-12%) and microcline (4-10%) were the dominant minerals in the XRD of the weathering profiles. Traces of illite were present only in granite. The CIA was generally > 85 indicating advanced state of weathering producing lateritic soil. The lateritic profiles over granite and banded gneiss of Ore area varied with the composition of the parent rocks. The clay layer has economic potential for ceramics, fertilizer and structural wares.

Nickel-bearing clay minerals: I. Optical spectroscopic study of nickel crystal chemistry

Clay Minerals ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Manceau ◽  
G. Calas ◽  
A. Decarreau
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Crystal Chemistry ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Octahedral Sheet ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Intermediate Phases ◽  
Optical Evidence ◽  
Trioctahedral Smectites ◽  
Nickel Crystal

AbstractNickel crystal chemistry was systematically studied in various phyllosilicates, mainly the natural phases selected from the ‘garnierites’ of the supergene ore deposits of New Caledonia. Minerals which do not usually occur in New Caledonian parageneses were synthesised, as they could represent intermediate phases of genetic importance. In the kerolite-pimelite series, a linear relationship occurred between the ratioI(13,20)/I(02,11)of thehkbands and Ni-content. Diffuse reflectance spectra were used to derive the crystal chemical parameters of Ni. These confirmed its divalent character and its occupation of octahedral sites; the resulting structural distortion was slight and could not be detected in some minerals. There was no optical evidence for Ni atoms in 4-fold coordination. The two main parameters which showed significant variations among the studied phases were site distortion and crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE). Site distortion was at a maximum in trioctahedral smectites and sepiolite. CFSE depended on the mineralogy, crystallinity and chemical composition (Al-content) of the phase. Finally, clay minerals are classified according to the increasing stability of Ni in the octahedral sheet, which has been tentatively related to the geochemical distribution of this element. Secondary minerals are usually enriched vs. primary ones and among them are nepouite and kerolite which exhibit a high CFSE in contrast to sepiolite.

scholarly journals P-sorption and desorption in Savanna Brazilian soils as a support for phosphorus fertilizer management

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Araújo Pinto ◽  
Edicarlos Damacena de Souza ◽  
Helder Barbosa Paulino ◽  
Nilton Curi ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
Brazilian Soils ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Sand Base ◽  
Soil Clay Content

Phosphorus (P) sorption by soils is a phenomenon that varies depending on soil characteristics, influencing its intensity and magnitude, which makes it a source or drain of P. The objective of this study was to determine the Maximum Phosphorus Adsorption Capacity (MPAC) and desorption of P from soils under native Savanna Brazilian and verify the correlation between MPAC and P Capacity Factor (PCF) with the chemical and physical properties of these soils. The study was conducted in seven soils under native Savannas. The Langmuir isotherms were adjusted from the values obtained in sorption assays, being evaluated the MPAC, the energy adsorption (EA) and PCF, which was calculated according to the levels of P-adsorbed and P-sorbed. Values of MPAC were classified as high in most soils, ranging from 283 up to 2635 mg kg-1 of P in the soil and were correlated with soil organic matter, clay, silt, sand, base saturation and pH. The PCF was higher in soils where the MPAC was also higher. The use of only one attribute of soil (clay content) as a criterion for the recommendation of phosphated fertilization, as routinely done, is susceptible to errors, needing the use of more attributes for a more accurate recommendation, as a function of the complexity of the interactions involved in the process.

Surface soil clay content mapping at large scales using multispectral (VNIR–SWIR) ASTER data

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1506-1533
Author(s):  
Anis Gasmi ◽  
Cécile Gomez ◽  
Philippe Lagacherie ◽  
Hédi Zouari
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Aster Data ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content
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