Flow systems, tree plantations, and salinisation in a Western Australian catchment

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Stolte ◽  
D. J. McFarlane ◽  
R. J. George
Keyword(s):  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Flow Mechanisms ◽  
Piezometric Heads ◽  
Vegetation Species ◽  
Western Australian

A lower hillslope in the Western Australian wheatbelt had become waterlogged and saline by 1981, when close-spaced rows of eucalypts were planted in blocks both in and adjacent to the discharge area and piezometers were established on the site. We analysed the trends in the piezometric heads and salinity concentrations over the period of record. We also modelled the hillslope profile using finite element analysis to determine the water flow mechanisms and to see how a change in vegetation in the upland area would affect the waterlogging and salinity. Piezometric levels under the trees decreased for the first 5 years after planting and then stabilised until 1991 when they started gradually decreasing again. The non-treed area between the plantation blocks remained unaffected until about 1991, when the levels there also started to decrease quite significantly, probably because of the trees. The trees therefore appear to have been effective and beneficial in the short to medium term. However, the salinity of the groundwater under the trees has increased significantly in the last 5 years, particularly where the tree density is highest. The continued flow of saline groundwater to the trees is believed to be increasing the salinity. It could not be expected that plantations of this type will maintain health and be able to control the excess water in such an hydrologic setting in the long term. Tree plantations on discharge areas are a short to medium term management strategy, not a solution, and the only way to control salinity in the long term is to plant vegetation species in the recharge areas that use all of the water that falls there. Modelling showed that only a small surplus of water over winter, in the order of 50 mm/year, caused the increased recharge and consequent salinisation. The modelling results also show that the surplus could be managed with an effective vegetation species (e.g. lucerne) with a rooting depth of about 1·5 m that would be able to transpire at least until early to mid summer.

Aspects of the Evolution of the Romanian Tourists’ Preferences Concerning the Domestic Tourist Destinations

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Aniela Bălăcescu ◽  
Radu Șerban Zaharia
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Model ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
On Line ◽  
The One ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract Tourist services represent a category of services in which the inseparability of production and consumption, the inability to be storable, the immateriality, and last but not least non-durability, induces in tourism management a number of peculiarities and difficulties. Under these circumstances the development of medium-term strategies involves long-term studies regarding on the one hand the developments and characteristics of the demand, and on the other hand the tourist potential analysis at regional and local level. Although in the past 20 years there has been tremendous growth of on-line booking made by household users, the tour operators agencies as well as those with sales activity continue to offer the specific services for a large number of tourists, that number, in the case of domestic tourism, increased by 1.6 times in case of the tour operators and by 4.44 times in case of the agencies with sales activity. At the same time, there have been changes in the preferences of tourists regarding their holiday destinations in Romania. Started on these considerations, paper based on a logistic model, examines the evolution of the probabilities and scores corresponding to the way the Romanian tourists spend their holidays on the types of tourism agencies, actions and tourist areas in Romania.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a perspective from industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_P) ◽  
pp. P56-P59
Author(s):  
Nick E J West ◽  
Wai-Fung Cheong ◽  
Els Boone ◽  
Neil E Moat
Keyword(s):  
Care Delivery ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Change Models ◽  
New Device ◽  
Supply Chain Logistics ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients ◽  
Medical Crisis ◽  
Device Industry

Abstract The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented change throughout society.1 As the articles in this supplement outline, all segments of the broader cardiovascular community have been forced to adapt, to change models of care delivery, and to evolve and innovate in order to deliver optimal management for cardiovascular patients. The medtech/device industry has not been exempt from such change and has been forced to navigate direct and indirect COVID-associated disruption, with effects felt from supply chain logistics to the entire product lifecycle, from the running of clinical trials to new device approvals and managing training, proctoring and congresses in an increasingly-online world. This sea-change in circumstances itself has enforced the industry, in effect, to disrupt its own processes, models and activities. Whilst some of these changes may be temporary, many will endure for some time and some will doubtless become permanent; one thing is for sure: the healthcare ecosystem, including the medical device industry, will never look quite the same again. Although the pandemic has brought a short- to medium-term medical crisis to many countries, its role as a powerful disruptor cannot be underestimated, and may indeed prove to be a force for long-term good, given the accelerated innovation and rapid adaptation that it has cultivated.

scholarly journals Long-Term Data Traffic Forecasting for Network Dimensioning in LTE with Short Time Series

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1151
Author(s):  
Carolina Gijón ◽  
Matías Toril ◽  
Salvador Luna-Ramírez ◽  
María Luisa Marí-Altozano ◽  
José María Ruiz-Avilés
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Traffic Forecasting ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Radio Planning

Network dimensioning is a critical task in current mobile networks, as any failure in this process leads to degraded user experience or unnecessary upgrades of network resources. For this purpose, radio planning tools often predict monthly busy-hour data traffic to detect capacity bottlenecks in advance. Supervised Learning (SL) arises as a promising solution to improve predictions obtained with legacy approaches. Previous works have shown that deep learning outperforms classical time series analysis when predicting data traffic in cellular networks in the short term (seconds/minutes) and medium term (hours/days) from long historical data series. However, long-term forecasting (several months horizon) performed in radio planning tools relies on short and noisy time series, thus requiring a separate analysis. In this work, we present the first study comparing SL and time series analysis approaches to predict monthly busy-hour data traffic on a cell basis in a live LTE network. To this end, an extensive dataset is collected, comprising data traffic per cell for a whole country during 30 months. The considered methods include Random Forest, different Neural Networks, Support Vector Regression, Seasonal Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average and Additive Holt–Winters. Results show that SL models outperform time series approaches, while reducing data storage capacity requirements. More importantly, unlike in short-term and medium-term traffic forecasting, non-deep SL approaches are competitive with deep learning while being more computationally efficient.

Influence of Permeability on the Compressive Property of Articular Cartilage: A Scaffold-Free, Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Cartilage Repair

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoya Susa ◽  
Ryosuke Nansai ◽  
Norimasa Nakamura ◽  
Hiromichi Fujie
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Cell Delivery ◽  
Compressive Property ◽  
Chondral Defect ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Normal Cartilage ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Immunological Effects

Since the healing capacity of articular cartilage is limited, it is important to develop cell-based therapies for the repair of cartilage. Although synthetic or animal-derived scaffolds are frequently used for effective cell delivery long-term safety and efficiency of such scaffolds still remain unclear. We have been studying on a scaffold-free tissue engineered construct (TEC) bio-synthesized from synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [1]. As the TEC specimen is composed of cells with their native extracellular matrix, we believe that it is free from concern regarding long term immunological effects. our previous studies indicated that a porcine partial thickness chondral defect was successfully repaired with TEC but that the compressive property of the TEC-treated cartilage-like repaired tissue was different from normal cartilage in both immature and mature animals. Imura et al. found that the permeability of the immature porcine cartilage-like tissues repaired with TEC recovered to normal level for 6 months except the superficial layer [2]. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the depth-dependent permeability of mature porcine cartilage-like tissue repaired with TEC. Moreover, we investigated the effect of difference of permeability on the compressive property of articular cartilage using a finite element analysis (FEM).

Landscape-scale disturbances and regeneration in semi-arid woodlands of southwestern Australia

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin J. Yates ◽  
Richard J. Hobbs ◽  
Richard W. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Fragmented Landscapes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adult Tree ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Semi Arid

Woodlands dominated by Eucalyptus salmonophloia occur both in the fragmented landscapes of the Western Australian wheatbelt and in the adjacent unfragmented goldfields area. We examined the responses of the unfragmented woodlands to landscape-scale disturbances caused by fire, floods, windstorms and drought. Sites known to have experienced disturbances of these types over the past 50 years all had cohorts of sapling-stage E. salmonophloia and other dominant Eucalyptus species. Sites disturbed either by fire, flood or storm during 1991-92 displayed adult tree mortality and extensive seedling establishment, although rates of establishment and survival varied between sites. No regeneration was observed at equivalent undisturbed sites. These results indicate that landscape-scale disturbances of several types are important drivers of the dynamics of these semi-arid woodlands. Lack of regeneration of fragmented woodlands in the wheatbelt is likely to be due to changed disturbance regimes coupled with altered physical and biotic conditions within remnants. We argue that it may be difficult to identify processes which are important for the long-term persistence of natural ecosystems in fragmented landscapes without reference to equivalent unfragmented areas.

Cuboid nutcracker fracture in a 9-year-old child

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e240441
Author(s):  
Tannous Jorge Sassine ◽  
Bernardo Barcellos Terra ◽  
Vincenzo Giordano ◽  
Benno Ejnisman
Keyword(s):  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Compression Fracture ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Lateral Column ◽  
Cuboid Bone ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Type Of Fracture

A 9-year-old girl presented to the emergency department reporting intense pain and inability to bear weight on her left foot after a classmate tripped over it. Imaging studies confirmed a fracture of the cuboid bone due to compression of the lateral column of the foot (also known as nutcracker fracture). The patient was treated surgically, with direct reduction of the compression fracture and definitive fixation with two Kirschner wires. Cuboid nutcracker fracture is rare in children and adolescents, and potential consequences can occur if it is not correctly diagnosed and adequately managed. Literature on this type of fracture is scarce, along with information on treatment options and results over medium-term and long-term follow-up. We describe this case and review the literature on this particular topic.

scholarly journals Total hip arthroplasty through an anterior approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 574-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Kyriakopoulos ◽  
Lazaros Poultsides ◽  
Panayiotis Christofilopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Anterior Approach ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Total Hip

Total hip arthroplasty through an anterior approach has been increasing in popularity amongst surgeons and patients. Anterior approach hip arthroplasty seems to offer improved early outcomes in terms of pain, rehabilitation and length of stay. No difference in long-term outcomes has been shown between anterior and posterior or lateral approaches. Proper formal training, utilization of fluoroscopy and adequate experience can mitigate risks of complications and improve early and medium-term outcomes. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:574-583. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.180023.

Sampling estuarine copepods at different scales and resolutions: a study in Rio de la Plata

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1059-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourav Paul ◽  
Danilo Calliari
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Resource Limitations ◽  
Paracalanus Parvus

AbstractIn the Rio de la Plata salinity, temperature, chlorophyll a (chl a), and densities (ind. m−3) of the copepods Acartia tonsa and Paracalanus parvus were measured from January to November in 2003 by following a nested weekly and monthly design. Such sampling yielded two separate datasets: (i) Yearly Dataset (YD) which consists of data of one sampling effort per month for 11 consecutive months, and (ii) Seasonal Weekly Datasets (SWD) which consists of data of one sampling effort per week of any four consecutive weeks within each season. YD was assumed as a medium-term low-resolution (MTLR) dataset, and SWD as a short-term high-resolution (STHR) dataset. The hypothesis was, the SWD would always capture (shorter scales generally captures more noise in data) more detail variability of copepod populations (quantified through the regression relationships between temporal changes of salinity, temperature, chl a and copepod densities) than the YD. Analysis of both YD and SWD found that A. tonsa density was neither affected by seasonal cycles, nor temporal variability of salinity, temperature and chl a. Thus, compared to STHR sampling, MTLR sampling did not yield any further information of the variability of population densities of the perennial copepod A. tonsa. Analysis of SWD found that during summer and autumn the population densities of P. parvus had a significant positive relationship to salinity but their density was limited by higher chl a concentration; analysis of YD could not yield such detailed ecological information. That hints the effectiveness of STHR sampling over MTLR sampling in capturing details of the variability of population densities of a seasonal copepod species. Considering the institutional resource limitations (e.g. lack of long-term funding, manpower and infrastructure) and the present hypothesis under consideration, the authors suggest that a STHR sampling may provide useful complementary information to interpret results of longer-term natural changes occurring in estuaries.

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