The effect of crop type, crop rotation, and tillage practice on runoff and soil loss on a Vertisol in central Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 925 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Carroll ◽  
M Halpin ◽  
P. Burger ◽  
K. Bell ◽  
M. M. Sallaway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Tillage Practice ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Average Annual Runoff ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss

In 1982, a long-term project was established in central Queensland to study the effect of crop type, crop rotation, and tillage practice on runoff and soil loss. Runoff and soil loss were measured at the outlet of 9 large contour bay catchments (approximately 13 ha) where wheat, sorghum, and sunflower were grown in 3 crop sequences. Each crop sequence consisted of zero, reduced, and conventional tillage fallow practices. Monoculture cropping was practised from 1983 to 1985, then opportunity cropping from 1986 to 1993. During the study, wheat cropping had lower average annual runoff and soil loss (P < 0·01) than sorghum and sunflower. Zero and reduced tillage retained more crop stubble (median >50%) and had less soil loss (P < 0·05) than conventional tillage. Zero tillage wheat had the lowest average annual runoff and soil loss, and conventional sunflowers had the highest. The erosion risk associated with sunflowers was reduced by a wheat–sunflower crop rotation, particularly when zero-tilled. Monoculture sunflower must be avoided. The region is susceptible to large episodic erosion when crops are not sown, there are long fallows, and soil cover falls below levels critical to control erosion (<30%). Opportunity cropping is the most appropriate system to maximise the regions variable rainfall and reduce runoff and soil loss.

Effects of land use on annual runoff and soil loss in Europe and the Mediterranean

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Maetens ◽  
M. Vanmaercke ◽  
J. Poesen ◽  
B. Jankauskas ◽  
G. Jankauskiene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss ◽  
Effects Of Land Use

scholarly journals Runoff and sediment load of the Yan River, China: changes over the last 60 yr

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1213-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Wang ◽  
X. Mu ◽  
R. Hessel ◽  
W. Zhang ◽  
C. Ritsema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

Abstract. Runoff and sediment load changes are affected by climate change and human activities in an integrated way. Historical insight into these effects can not only improve the knowledge of river processes, but also promote more effective land and water management. In this study, we looked at runoff and sediment change in the Yan River Basin, Loess Plateau, China, using data sets on land use and land cover (LUC), monthly data of precipitation and temperature, and observed data on runoff and sediment load from 1952 to 2010 at the Ganguyi Hydrologic Station. Available data on soil and water conservation structures and their effect were also studied. Five main findings emerged from the data analysis. (1) The annual runoff and sediment load varied greatly during the last 60 yr and both had coefficients of variation that were much larger than those of precipitation and temperature. (2) Annual runoff and sediment load both showed a significant trend of linear decline over the period studied. The climate data showed a non-significant decline in precipitation over the same period, and a very significant increase in temperature; both can help explain the observed declines in runoff and soil loss. (3) Based on a mass curve analysis with anomalies of normalized runoff and sediment load, 4 stages in the change of runoff and soil loss were identified: 1951 to 1971 (Stage I), 1972 to 1986 (Stage II), 1987 to 1996 (Stage III) and 1997 to 2010 (Stage IV). (4) When years were paired based on similar precipitation and temperature condition (SPTC) and used to assess the impacts of human activities, it was found that 6 sets of paired years out of 12 (50%) showed a decline in runoff 8 (67%) a decline in sediment load and 9 (75%) a decline in sediment concentration The other sets show an increasing change with the time. It showed the complexity of human impacts. (5) Human impacts relating to LUC change and soil and water measures in this basin were significant because of both the transfer of sloping cropland into non-food vegetation or terraces and the siltation in the reservoirs and behind check dams. Data indicated that about 56 Mt of sediment was deposited annually from 1960–1999 as a result of the soil and water conservation structures, which is significantly more than the 42 Mt that is, on average, leaving the Yan River Basin as sediment load each year. Although the effects of climate change and human action could not be separated, analysis of the data indicated that both had a significant impact on runoff and sediment loss in the area.

Effects of three tillage treatments on seasonal runoff and soil loss in the Peace River region

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. P. van Vliet ◽  
R. Kline ◽  
J. W. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region ◽  
Seasonal Runoff ◽  
Tillage Treatment ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss ◽  
Soil Losses

Three tillage treatments were evaluated over a 4-yr period for their effects on runoff and soil loss under natural precipitation on a Donnelly silt loam soil (Solonetzic Gray Luvisol) near Dawson Creek in the Peace River region of British Columbia. Conventional-tilled (CT) plots (spring or fall cultivation) received twice the amount of tillage as the reduced-tilled (RT) plots, while the zero-tilled (ZT) plots were only disturbed at seeding once a year. The plots were seeded to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Rainfall and snowmelt runoff were collected throughout the year to determine seasonal runoff and soil losses. The effects of the tillage treatments on runoff and soil loss depended on the season (whether caused by rainfall or snowmelt) and the crop year. Mean snowmelt runoff was ZT > CT > RT. Conventional tillage had significantly higher rainfall runoff and soil loss from snowmelt than the other two tillage treatments, with no significant differences between RT and ZT. Mean rainfall-induced soil loss was significantly different for each tillage treatment, with CT > RT > ZT. Soil losses from snowmelt were low, less than 30% of those from rainfall, since snowfall was 45% below normal. Soil losses from rainfall were consistently higher than from snowmelt for each tillage treatment in each of the four crop years and provided over 75% of the 4-yr total annual soil loss. Tillage effects were more pronounced in years with low runoff and soil loss than in years with high runoff and soil loss. Zero tillage and RT are effective in reducing average annual soil losses by 81 and 53%, respectively, of those observed under conventional tillage. Key words: Runoff, soil loss, erosion plots, seasons, tillage

scholarly journals Runoff and Sediment load of the Yan River, China: changes over the last 60 yr

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2515-2527 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Wang ◽  
X. Mu ◽  
R. Hessel ◽  
W. Zhang ◽  
C. J. Ritsema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

Abstract. Runoff and sediment load changes are affected by climate change and human activities in an integrated way. Historical insight into these effects can not only improve the knowledge of river processes, but also promote more effective land and water management. In this study, we looked at runoff and sediment change in the Yan River basin, Loess Plateau, China, using data sets on land use and land cover (LUC), monthly data of precipitation and temperature, and observed data on runoff and sediment load from 1952 to 2010 at the Ganguyi Hydrologic Station. Available data on soil and water conservation structures and their effect were also studied. Five main findings emerged from the data analysis. (1) The annual runoff and sediment load varied greatly during the last 60 yr, and both had coefficients of variation that were much larger than those of precipitation and temperature. (2) Annual runoff and sediment load both showed a significant trend of linear decline over the period studied. The climate data showed a non-significant decline in precipitation over the same period, and a very significant increase in temperature; both can help explain the observed declines in runoff and soil loss. (3) Based on a mass curve analysis with anomalies of normalized runoff and sediment load, 4 stages in the change of runoff and soil loss were identified: 1951 to 1971 (Stage I), 1972 to 1986 (Stage II), 1987 to 1996 (Stage III) and 1997 to 2010 (Stage IV). (4) When years were paired based on similar precipitation and temperature condition (SPTC) and used to assess the impacts of human activities, it was found that 6 sets of paired years out of 12 (50%) showed a decline in runoff, 8 (67%) a decline in sediment load, and 9 (75%) a decline in sediment concentration. The other sets show an increasing change with time. It showed the complexity of human impacts. (5) Human impacts relating to LUC change and soil and water measures in this basin were significant because of both the transfer of sloping cropland into non-food vegetation or terraces, and the siltation in the reservoirs and behind check dams. Data indicated that about 56 Mt of sediment was deposited annually from 1960–1999 as a result of the soil and water conservation structures, which is significantly more than the average 42 Mt, leaving the Yan River basin as sediment load each year. Although the effects of climate change and human action could not be separated, analysis of the data indicated that both had a significant impact on runoff and sediment load in the area.

scholarly journals Effect of land use on interrill erosion in a montane catchment of Northern Laos: An analysis based on a pluri-annual runoff and soil loss database

2018 ◽  
Vol 563 ◽  
pp. 480-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Patin ◽  
E. Mouche ◽  
O. Ribolzi ◽  
O. Sengtahevanghoung ◽  
K.O. Latsachak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Interrill Erosion ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss

scholarly journals Effets du travail du sol et de la gestion des résidus sur les propriétés du sol et sur l’érosion hydrique d'un Vertisol Méditerranéen

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Moussadek ◽  
Rachid Mrabet ◽  
Patrick Zante ◽  
Jean Marie Lamachère ◽  
Yannick Pépin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss

Moussadek, R., Mrabet, R., Zante, P., Lamachère, J. M., Pépin, Y., Le Bissonnais, Y., Ye, L., Verdoodt, A. and Van Ranst, E. 2011. Impact of tillage and residue management on the soil properties and water erosion of a Mediterranean Vertisol. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 627–635. Soil erosion research on Mediterranean Vertisols under no tillage systems (NT) is still scarce. A rainfall simulator was used on Vertisols to compare water runoff and soil loss in a conventional tillage system (CT), NT system with crop residues removed (NT0), and NT with 50% of crop residues returned to the soil surface (NT50). Runoff and soil loss rates were more than 50% lower under NT50 compared with NT0 and CT. Wet aggregate stability (MWD), soil organic matter (SOM) and soil bulk density (Da) were significantly higher under NT than under CT. A multiple regression analysis showed that when the soil was dry, Da explained 84 and 96% of the variation in water runoff and soil loss, respectively. Under wet soil conditions, MWD explained 47 and 69% of variation in water runoff and soil loss, respectively. Consequently, although NT systems improved soil quality (MWD, SOM) compared with the CT system, returning 50% of crop residues at the soil surface was mandatory under NT to protect these Vertisols against water erosion.

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