scholarly journals Managing the unmanageable: reinstating the dingo for pastoral sustainability in Australian rangelands

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
David Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Arid Rangelands ◽  
Term Management

The predominant grazing management system used in the arid rangelands regions of Australia, set stocking, is not conducive to sustainable land management. More appropriate grazing management systems based upon periodic rest periods for important pasture species have not been adopted by pastoralists because the unmanaged grazing pressure from animals such as goats and kangaroos has been too high. Dingoes are the only cost-effective and long-term management solution to the effect of unmanaged grazing by goats and kangaroos. Yet government funding targets dingo eradication in pastoral areas, and it does so by adopting misleading and scientifically inaccurate terms for describing dingoes.

Soil microbial dynamics and genetic diversity in soil under monoculture wheat grown in different long-term management systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1391-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine Crecchio ◽  
Maddalena Curci ◽  
Antonella Pellegrino ◽  
Patrizia Ricciuti ◽  
Nunzia Tursi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Microbial Dynamics ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Term Management

scholarly journals Cost-effective Analysis of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Long-term Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 292-305
Author(s):  
Shazia Jamshed ◽  
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula ◽  
Sheikh Muhammad Zeeshan Qadar ◽  
Umaira Alauddin ◽  
Sana Shamim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Step Down ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Term Management

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that results from regurgitation of acid from the stomach into the esophagus. Treatment available for GERD includes lifestyle changes, antacids, histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and anti-reflux surgery. Aim: The aim of this review is to assess the cost-effectiveness of the use of PPIs in the long-term management of patients with GERD. Method: We searched in PubMed to identify related original articles with close consideration based on inclusion and exclusion criteria to choose the best studies for this narrative review. The first section compares the cost-effectiveness of PPIs with H2RAs in long-term heartburn management. The other sections shall only discuss the cost-effectiveness of PPIs in 5 different strategies, namely, continuous (step-up, step-down, and maintenance), on-demand, and intermittent therapies. Results: Of 55 articles published, 10 studies published from 2000 to 2015 were included. Overall, PPIs are more effective in relieving heartburn in comparison with ranitidine. The use of PPIs in managing heartburn in long-term consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) has higher cost compared with H2RA. However, if the decision-maker is willing to pay more than US$174 788.60 per extra quality-adjusted life year (QALY), then the optimal strategy is traditional NSAID (tNSAID) and PPIs. The probability of being cost-effective was also highest for NSAID and PPI co-therapy users. On-demand PPI treatment strategy showed dominant with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of US$2197 per QALY gained and was most effective and cost saving compared with all the other treatments. The average cost-effectiveness ratio was lower for rabeprazole therapy than for ranitidine therapy. Conclusion: Our review revealed that long-term treatment with PPIs is effective but costly. To achieve long-term cost-effective approach, we recommend on-demand approach to treat heartburn symptoms, but if the symptoms persist, treatment with continuous step-down therapy should be applied.

Insights on the relationship between total grazing pressure management and sustainable land management: key indicators to verify impacts

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Waters ◽  
S. E. McDonald ◽  
J. Reseigh ◽  
R. Grant ◽  
D. G. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Environmental Stewardship ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
The Impact

Demonstrating sustainable land management (SLM) requires an understanding of the linkages between grazing management and environmental stewardship. Grazing management practices that incorporate strategic periods of rest are promoted internationally as best practice. However, spatial and temporal trends in unmanaged feral (goat) and native (kangaroo) populations in the southern Australian rangelands can result land managers having, at times, control over less than half the grazing pressure, precluding the ability to rest pastures. Few empirical studies have examined the impacts of total grazing pressure (TGP) on biodiversity and resource condition, while the inability to manage grazing intensity at critical times may result in negative impacts on ground cover, changes in pasture species composition, increased rates of soil loss and reduce the ability for soils to store carbon. The widespread adoption of TGP control through exclusion fencing in the southern Australian rangelands has created unprecedented opportunities to manage total grazing pressure, although there is little direct evidence that this infrastructure leads to more sustainable land management. Here we identify several key indicators that are either outcome- or activity-based that could serve as a basis for verification of the impacts of TGP management. Since TGP is the basic determinant of the impact of herbivory on vegetation it follows that the ability for rangeland pastoral management to demonstrate SLM and environmental stewardship will rely on using evidence-based indicators to support environmental social licence to operate.

Distribution and amount of soil organic C in long-term management systems in Texas

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 309-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N Potter ◽  
H.A Torbert ◽  
O.R Jones ◽  
J.E Matocha ◽  
J.E Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Systems ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Term Management

scholarly journals The ongoing battle against COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-366
Author(s):  
Qurratulain Hyder ◽  
◽  
Khawaja Husnain Haider ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Term Management

After spillover from Wuhan (China) in December, 2019, SARS-CoV-2 related respiratory disease (COVID-19) has rapidly affected all countries. The pandemic has posed a serious threat to world health resources. At present, there is no recommended treatment or vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. However, various drug combinations are under trial. Reversion to general principles of prevention is the preferred strategy under such circumstances. We discuss the importance of wearing a face mask and present a cost-effective approach for long-term management of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Building the GLENCOE Platform -Grasslands LENding eConomic and ecOsystems sErvices

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Devincenzi ◽  
Martín Jaurena ◽  
Martín Durante ◽  
Jean Víctor Savian ◽  
Gabriel Ciappesoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Management ◽  
System Level ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Livestock Systems

To feed the rising population whilst also preserving ecosystem functions, creative solutions are needed for the ecological intensification of natural grassland-based livestock systems. In Uruguay, natural grasslands are the main nutritional resource for livestock production. In these ecosystems, cattle and sheep graze together all the year round, and grasslands are frequently heavily grazed. Considerable research has been generated concerning grassland management, but there is still no knowledge about the impact of decision rules that supports management actions on long-term ecosystem functioning, at the system level. To meet this deficit, a participatory working group of farmers, researchers, and consultants have developed the GLENCOE platform. This platform is a large-scale facility, supported by INIA-Uruguay, designed to answer the following question: How to intensify the grazing management to improve the sustainability of livestock systems based on natural grasslands? To build the platform three steps were followed: (I) definition of the research problem using a problem tree analysis; (ii) conceptualization of the platform and the design of the grazing systems to be evaluated; and, (iii) spatial allocation of the grazing systems according to the variability of soil, slopes, and seasonal dynamic of vegetation indexes. These criteria were considered across farmlets that were equivalent in the initial stage, allowing causal inferences for the systems trajectories on productive and environmental traits. The platform is composed of three independent farmlets of 50 ha each, where multiparous Hereford cows and Merinos wethers co-graze under three grazing management systems. Each farmlet is managed according to different spatio-temporal decisions of the specific management of vegetation communities, grazing methods, and the stockpile of forage that is allowed by the number of the existing paddocks. Farmlet-1; comprises less decisions (2 paddocks), Farmlet-2; intermediate (8 paddocks), and Farmlet-3; high level of decisions (32 paddocks). This innovative platform will be used as a participatory and interdisciplinary space for research and co-learning of management on processes that can only be observed in long-term evaluations, and at farmlet scale. We expect that this new approach will contribute to the developement and implemention of sustainable grazing management systems in Uruguay.

LONG term management systems under semiarid conditions: Influence on labile organic matter, β-glucosidase activity and microbial efficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 296-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Martín-Lammerding ◽  
Mariela Navas ◽  
María del Mar Albarrán ◽  
José Luis Tenorio ◽  
Ingrid Walter
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Microbial Efficiency ◽  
Term Management ◽  
Semiarid Conditions
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