scholarly journals Seeing in colour: a hundred years of studies on bee vision since the work of the Nobel laureate Karl von Frisch

2015 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian G. Dyer ◽  
Jair E. Garcia ◽  
Mani Shrestha ◽  
Klaus Lunau
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Colour Perception ◽  
Sugar Water ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Bee Vision ◽  
Karl Von Frisch

One hundred years ago it was often assumed that the capacity to perceive colour required a human brain. Then in 1914 a young Austrian researcher working at Munich University in Germany published evidence that honeybees could be trained to collect sugar water from a ‘blue’ coloured card, and find the colour among a number of different shades of achromatic grey. Von Frisch thus established honeybees as an important model of sensory processing in animals, and for work including his demonstration that bees used a symbolic dance language, won a Nobel Prize in 1973. This work led to the establishment of several research groups in Germany that developed a rich understanding of how bee vision has shaped flower colour evolution in the Northern Hemisphere. Applying these insights to Australian native bees offers great insights due to the long-term geological isolation of the continent. Australian bees have a phylogenetically ancient colour visual system and similar colour perception to honeybees. In Australia similar patterns of flower colour evolution have resulted and provide important evidence of parallel evolution, thanks to the pioneering work of Karl von Frisch 100 years ago.

scholarly journals Tele-health interventions to support self-management in adults with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison MacIver ◽  
Hannah Hollinger ◽  
Clare Carolan
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Collection Form ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA), a long-term auto-immune condition is a challenging condition for patients to manage. Goals of treatment include reducing pain, decreasing inflammation, and improving an individual’s overall function. Increasingly technology is being utilised to support patients to self-manage their condition. The aim of this systematic narrative review was to synthesise and critically appraise published evidence concerning the effectiveness of tele-health interventions to support self-management in RA. Bibliographic databases searched from 2014 to March 2020 included MedLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library. Search strategy combined the following concepts: (1) rheumatoid arthritis, (2) tele-health interventions, and (3) self-management. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults with RA were included. Titles, abstracts, full-text articles were screened, any discrepancies were checked by a second reviewer. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias tool and data were extracted utilising the Cochrane data collection form for RCT interventions along with the TiDier checklist. Due to high heterogeneity, results were not meta-analysed and instead data were synthesised narratively. The search identified 98 articles, seven were included. The completed RCTs varied in the nature of the interventions, duration/severity of RA, outcomes measured and effectiveness of the interventions. The completed RCTs included a total of 791 participants Disease duration was largely between 4 and 10 years and disease severity on average was moderate. There was extensive variation in intervention components, theories underpinning theories and outcomes measured. Five RCTs reported a positive effect on factors such as disease activity, medication adherence, physical activity and self-efficacy levels. This study suggests that tele-health interventions that are well-designed, tailored and multi-faceted can help to achieve positive self-management outcomes in RA. None of the studies showed evidence of harm.

scholarly journals Biodegradable Stents in Resistant Peptic Oesophageal Stricture: Is It the Right Way to Go?

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117955221881949
Author(s):  
Tom Richardson ◽  
Gerlin Naidoo ◽  
Namal Rupasinghe ◽  
Howard Smart ◽  
Sayantan Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Endoscopic Dilatation ◽  
Oesophageal Stricture ◽  
Peptic Stricture ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Biodegradable Stents ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
The Right

Peptic oesophageal stricture can be considered as the end result of prolonged gastro-oesophageal reflux. The ‘gold standard’ treatment for peptic stricture is endoscopic dilatation with balloon or bougie. It is predicted that up to 40% of patients remain symptomatic with dysphagia due to refractory (resistant to treatment) or recurrent strictures, needing frequent interventions at short intervals. Such patients have poor nutritional status due to the primary disease and are susceptible to complications related to repeated endoscopic dilatation such as bleeding and perforation. This general review aims to analyse existing published evidence and address the role of biodegradable stents in resistant peptic strictures as an alternative treatment to provide long-term dysphagia-free intervals.

Flower colour segregation and flower discrimination under the bee vision model in the polymorphic Lysimachia arvensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Jiménez-López ◽  
Laura Matas ◽  
Montserrat Arista ◽  
Pedro Luis Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Flower Colour ◽  
Bee Vision

scholarly journals Acute Phase Reactants in Infections: Evidence-Based Review and a Guide for Clinicians

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Markanday
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
English Language ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Guidance Strategies ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Acute-phase reactants such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein have traditionally been used as markers for inflammation and as a measure of “sickness index” in infectious and noninfectious conditions. In the last decade, more data have become available on the wider and more specific role for these markers in the management of complex infections. This includes the potential role in early diagnosis, in differentiating infectious from noninfectious causes, as a prognostic marker, and in antibiotic guidance strategies. A better defined role for biological markers as a supplement to clinical assessment may lead to more judicious antibiotic prescriptions, and it has the potential for a long-term favorable impact on antimicrobial stewardship and antibiotic resistance. Procalcitonin as a biological marker has been of particular interest in this regard. This review examines the current published evidence and summarizes the role of various acute-phase markers in infections. A MEDLINE search of English-language articles on acute-phase reactants and infections published between 1986 and March 2015 was conducted. Additional articles were also identified through a search of references from the retrieved articles, published guidelines, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Apheresis in Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: Current Evidence and Unmet Needs—A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolfes ◽  
Pfeuffer ◽  
Ruck ◽  
Melzer ◽  
Pawlitzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most abundant inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Despite recent advances in its long-term immunomodulatory treatment, MS patients still suffer from relapses, significantly contributing to disability accrual. In recent years, apheresis procedures such as therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and immunoadsorption (IA) have been recognized as two options for treating MS relapses, that do not respond to standard treatment with corticosteroids. TPE is already incorporated in most international guidelines, although evidence for its use resulted mostly from either case series or small unblinded and/or non-randomized trials. Data on IA are still sparse, but several studies indicate comparable efficacy between both apheresis procedures. This article gives an overview of the published evidence on TPE and IA in the treatment of acute relapses in MS. Further, we outline current evidence regarding individual outcome predictors, describe technical details of apheresis procedures, and discuss apheresis treatment in children and during pregnancy.

Somaclonal variation for genetic improvement in grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapan K. Tripathy ◽  
A. Panda ◽  
Pramod K. Nayak ◽  
Sasmita Dash ◽  
D. Lenka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Developmental Variations ◽  
High Seed Yield

Somaclonal variation was revealed among regenerants in four genotypes (Nirmal, P24, Nayagarh local and Dhenkanal local) of grasspea (<italic>Lathyrus sativus</italic> L.) following long term in vitro culture of internode explants. Most of the somaclones which survived till maturity had revealed chromosomal abnormalities and variation in one or more morphological and/or agronomic traits. Some of the variant phenotypes especially those relating to developmental variations were not inherited to R2 generation owing to elimination of chromosomal aberrations that preclude normal morphogenesis. Somaclones with variation in flower colour, seed colour, leaflet length and breadth, foliage and pod pigmentation may be used as genetic markers in breeding <italic>Lathyrus sativus</italic>. Besides, variants with broad leaf, dwarf height, long pod, large seed, short duration and synchronous maturity are agronomically desirable. A large seeded somaclone NGOG 5 having high seed yield and low neurotoxin content (ODAP) recovered in this pursuit, can be a desirable candidate for future breeding programme.

Long term air pollution exposure and COPD in SALIA: Discrepancies between ESCAPE results and published evidence in SALIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 4480
Author(s):  
Tamara Schikowski ◽  
Andrea Vierkötter ◽  
Dorothea Sugiri ◽  
Nicole Probst-Hensch ◽  
Nino Kuenzli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

scholarly journals Parallel evolution of influenza across multiple spatiotemporal scales

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine S Xue ◽  
Terry Stevens-Ayers ◽  
Angela P Campbell ◽  
Janet A Englund ◽  
Steven A Pergam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
De Novo Mutations ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Spatiotemporal Scales ◽  
H3n2 Influenza ◽  
Multiple Patients

Viral variants that arise in the global influenza population begin as de novo mutations in single infected hosts, but the evolutionary dynamics that transform within-host variation to global genetic diversity are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that influenza evolution within infected humans recapitulates many evolutionary dynamics observed at the global scale. We deep-sequence longitudinal samples from four immunocompromised patients with long-term H3N2 influenza infections. We find parallel evolution across three scales: within individual patients, in different patients in our study, and in the global influenza population. In hemagglutinin, a small set of mutations arises independently in multiple patients. These same mutations emerge repeatedly within single patients and compete with one another, providing a vivid clinical example of clonal interference. Many of these recurrent within-host mutations also reach a high global frequency in the decade following the patient infections. Our results demonstrate surprising concordance in evolutionary dynamics across multiple spatiotemporal scales.

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