scholarly journals Wilhelm Blandowski’s contribution to ichthyology of the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Paul Humphries
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Habitat Size ◽  
Scientific Establishment ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Written Descriptions

Wilhelm Blandowski is best known for the scandal that surrounded his attempts to name a number of new species of freshwater fish after prominent members of the Victorian scientific establishment. Although this 19th Century anecdote is diverting, it belies, I believe, the significant contribution that the first paid Victorian government zoologist made to the ichthyology of the Murray-Darling Basin. Although his claim to new species was exaggerated, his collections, assisted by Gerard Krefft were the most diverse to that date. There is no doubt – because Blandowski tells us as much – that the expedition’s success in collecting so many species, as well as information on distribution, habitat, size and diet, can be attributed to the knowledge of the local Aboriginal people, the Nyeri Nyeri. That Blandowski realised that this knowledge existed and acknowledged it, is unusual for the time. The information provided, although broadly consistent with what we know of the species’ current habits, is scanty and there is some uncertainty as to the location where most of the species were collected. Interpretations based on illustrations, written descriptions and extant specimens suggest that many species that were collected in 1856/57 no longer occur in that region of the Murray-Darling Basin. Blandowski’s collections also hint at the possibility that the distribution of the spotted galaxias, Galaxias truttaceus Valenciennes 1846, normally considered coastal, may have formerly extended much further up into freshwater.

scholarly journals The lichens and allied fungi from the Leningrad Region and Saint Petersburg in the lichen herbarium of the University of Tartu

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Dmitry E. Himelbrant
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Karelian Isthmus ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

The revision of specimens in the lichen herbarium of the University of Tartu revealed 127 specimens representing 86 species from the Leningrad Region and Saint Petersburg; these include Calicium adspersum published as a new species for the Leningrad Region and Carbonicola anthracophila reported for the first time for the Eastern Leningrad Region. A curious finding is Umbilicaria muehlenbergii, collected in 1954 in the northern part of Karelian Isthmus. Forgotten collections by Anne-Liis Sõmermaa (1972) from the territory of the modern Vepssky Forest Nature Park, by Haide-Ene Rebassoo (1988) from Maly Tuters Island (Vähä-Tytärsaari, Säyvö) and by Paul von Kühlewein (“regio Petropolitano”, 19th century) are of special interest. 

Three New Species of Orientodiscus (Trematoda: Paramphistomata) from Freshwater Turtles

1965 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ather H. Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Three New Species

The genus Orientodiscus was proposed by Srivastava (1938) for O. jumnai and O. lobatus from a freshwater fish, Silundia gangeticus from India. Recently, Rhode (1963) added O. fernandoi and O. hendricksoni from freshwater turtles, Trionyx spp., from Malaysia. A large number of trematodes belonging to Orientodiscus were collected from freshwater turtles in Aligarh, India. They represent three new species.

Archpriest Peter Delitsyn (16.06.1795 - 30.11.1863) - Translator and Mathematician

2019 ◽  
pp. 203-237
Author(s):  
Иннокентий Глазистов
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Teaching Mathematics ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
History Of

В настоящей статье рассматриваются жизнь и труды великого учёного XIX в., подвизавшегося в Московской духовной академии, - протоиерея Петра Спиридоновича Делицына, который внёс значительный вклад в перевод святоотеческих творений на русский язык. Особое внимание уделяется периоду учёбы прот. П. С. Делицына в МДА, рассматриваются особенности методики преподавания математики и философии в Академии. На основании воспоминаний профессоров, преподавателей и студентов МДА, описываются труды отца Петра, связанные с цензурой духовных книг, осуществлением и редактированием русских переводов сочинений святых отцов. В качестве приложения приводятся выдержки из исследования И. Н. Корсунского, посвящённого истории русских патристических переводов в МДА. This article examines the life and work of the great 19th-century academic, who worked for the Moscow Theological Academy, Archpriest Peter Spiridonovich Delitsyn. He made a significant contribution to the translation of patristic works into Russian. Particular attention is paid to the period of study of Archpriest P. S. Delitsyn at the MThA, where the A. discusses the features of methods of teaching mathematics and philosophy in the Academy. Based on the memoirs of professors, teachers and students of MThA and the works of Archpriest Peter related to the censorship of spiritual books the A. describes the implementation and editing of Russian translations of the works of holy fathers. As an appendix, excerpts from the study ofI. N. Korsunsky on the history of Russian patristic translations in MThA are given.

A comparison of weather systems in 1870 and 1956 leading to extreme floods in the Murray–Darling Basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Jeff Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
The Impact

This research is the extension of a project studying the impact of 19th century severe weather events in Australia and their relation to similar events during the 20th and 21st century. Two floods with the worst known impacts in the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) are studied. One of these events which occurred during 1956 is relativelywell known and the Bureau of Meteorology archives contain good rainfall data covering the period. Additionally, information on the weather systems causing this rainfall can be obtained. Rainfall, flood and weather system data for this event are presented here and compared with a devastating event during 1870. Although archived Australian rainfall data is negligible during 1870 and there is no record of weather systems affecting Australia during that year, a realistic history of the floods and weather systems in the MDB during 1870 is created. This follows an extensive search through newspaper archives contained in the National Library of Australia’s web site. Examples are presented showing how the meteorological data in 19th century newspapers can be used to create weather charts. Six such events in 1870 are demonstrated and three of these had a phenomenal effect on the Murray–Darling system. The 1870 floods followed drought type conditions and it is remarkable that it was worse in many ways than the 1956 event which followed flood conditions in the MDB during the previous year. The events in 1870 caused much loss of life from drowning in the MDB in particular froman east coast low (ECL) in April 1870 and two Victorian weather systems in September and October 1870. In 1956, there were also record-breaking events especially during March when all-time record monthly rainfall were reported in New South Wales. Overall the greatest impact from flooding across the whole MDB was associated with the 1870 flooding. Analyses of heavy rainfall areas in the MDB showed a linear trend increase from 1900 to 2018. Analysing the same data using an 8-year moving average highlighted three peaks around the five highest annual rainfall years. The largest peak occurred around 1950 and 1956, the second largest around 1973 and 1974 and the third around 2010. Each of these 5 years occurred during negative phases of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) and positive phases of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). Studies have shown that the SOI is a climate driver in the MDB along with a persistent blocking high-pressure systems south of Australia along longitude 140°E with a low to its north. Three major blocking events with record rainfall and flooding in the MDB occurred in 1983, 1984 and 1990. Thiswas during the period 1977–1990 when blocking was conducive to heavy rain in the MDB and was coincidentwith a positive phase of the IPO, thus helping conflictwith the IPO–MDB heavy rainfall relationship. Persistent and unexplained middle level westerly winds kept subtropical Queensland clear of tropical cyclones during the negative phases of the IPO from 1999 to 2009 and during the 1960s, influencing low rainfall in the MDB during those periods.

Conservation of an inauspicious endangered freshwater fish, Murray hardyhead (Craterocephalus fluviatilis), during drought and competing water demands in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain M. Ellis ◽  
Daniel Stoessel ◽  
Michael P. Hammer ◽  
Scotte D. Wedderburn ◽  
Lara Suitor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
River Regulation ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Australian Freshwater

Approximately 40% of Australian freshwater fish species are of conservation concern, largely because of the impacts of river regulation, habitat fragmentation and alien fishes. Murray hardyhead is a threatened fish endemic to the southern Murray–Darling Basin in Australia, which has declined significantly in range and abundance since European settlement. Conservation of the species has relied largely on environmental watering of off-channel wetlands where isolated populations persist. This became problematic during recent drought (1997–2010) because of competing demands for limited water, and resentment towards environmental watering programs from communities that themselves were subject to reduced water entitlements. In response, emergency conservation measures prioritised the delivery of environmental water to minimise applied volumes. Captive maintenance programs were established for fish rescued from four genetically distinct conservation units, with varying levels of breeding success. Several translocations of wild and captive-bred fish to surrogate refuge sites were also conducted. Future recovery of the species should secure existing natural and stocked populations and translocate fish to additional appropriate sites to spread risk and reinstate natural pathways for dispersal. The approach to the conservation of Murray hardyhead during extreme environmental conditions provides insights to inform the management of fishes in other drought-prone regions of the world.

scholarly journals A review of on-ground recovery actions for threatened freshwater fish in Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Lintermans
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Social Challenge ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Prolonged Drought ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Habitat Enhancement ◽  
General Conservation

Freshwater fish are a highly threatened group and recovery of these threatened species is an increasingly difficult ecological and social challenge. There are many different on-ground recovery actions available to managers, but no synthesis of what, how or why these recovery actions have been deployed. The present paper reviews 428 reported on-ground recovery actions from a survey of practitioners of threatened freshwater-fish recovery in Australia. Recovery actions were grouped into 12 categories, with the most commonly utilised recovery categories being harvest control, translocation, habitat enhancement and stock enhancement. Major drivers of recovery actions were general conservation concern, recovery plans and emergency responses. The number of recovery actions grew significantly in the decade beginning 2000 as the impacts of prolonged drought in south-eastern Australia intensified. In all, 58% of recovery actions occurred in the Murray–Darling Basin, although this region holds only 27% of the 74 listed threatened freshwater fish in Australia. Few or no recovery actions were reported for many species, and few actions occurred in northern or western parts of the country. More than 80% of recovery actions reportedly had some form of monitoring. The diversity of management interventions is reviewed, and patterns and issues are identified to guide future recovery efforts.

scholarly journals The Genus Phytophthora Anno 2012

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurens P. N. M. Kroon ◽  
Henk Brouwer ◽  
Arthur W. A. M. de Cock ◽  
Francine Govers
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Irish Famine ◽  
Great Irish Famine ◽  
The 19Th Century

Plant diseases caused by Phytophthora species will remain an ever increasing threat to agriculture and natural ecosystems. Phytophthora literally means plant destroyer, a name coined in the 19th century by Anton de Bary when he investigated the potato disease that set the stage for the Great Irish Famine. Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of potato late blight, was the first species in a genus that at present has over 100 recognized members. In the last decade, the number of recognized Phytophthora species has nearly doubled and new species are added almost on a monthly basis. Here we present an overview of the 10 clades that are currently distinguished within the genus Phytophthora with special emphasis on new species that have been described since 1996 when Erwin and Ribeiro published the valuable monograph ‘Phytophthora diseases worldwide’ (35).

Morphological and molecular characterization of cucullanid nematodes including Cucullanus opisthoporus n. sp. in freshwater fish from the Brazilian Amazon

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B. Pereira ◽  
J.L. Luque
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Tail Tip ◽  
First Time

AbstractMolecular and morphological characterization of two species of Cucullanidae from freshwater fish in Brazil are provided, one of which represented an undescribed taxon. Cucullanus opisthoporus n. sp. was collected in Cichla melaniae from River Xingu, State of Pará, and in C. pinima from River Jamarí, State of Rondônia. Nematodes referable to Cucullanus grandistomis were collected in Oxydoras niger from River Xingu. The new species has an appendage in the tail tip, ventrally covered by small spines, which is an exclusive feature of Cucullanus tucunarensis. However, C. tucunarensis differs from C. opisthoporus n. sp. based upon the relative position of deirids and the excretory pore, which are more posterior from the oesophageal end in the new species. Observations of C. tucunarensis type specimens also revealed features that were wrongly or not reported in the original description. Type specimens of C. grandistomis were observed, although they were poorly preserved. After evaluation of newly collected specimens of C. grandistomis, features unreported in the original description were observed for the first time, including the presence of an intestinal caecum. Thus, C. grandistomis was transferred to Dichelyne. Sequences of the 18S and 28S rRNA genes revealed high genetic similarity between the specimens of C. opisthoporus n. sp. from the two different hosts as well as their genetic distance from Dichelyne grandistomis n. comb. Phylogenetic reconstructions using representatives of Cucullanidae suggested the artificiality of the current morphological system adopted to separate the genera, since most genera were not monophyletic, although the availability of genetic data is still fragmented.

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