Analysis of historical records of a grazing property in south-western Queensland. 2. Vegetation changes.

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Oxley
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Vegetation Changes ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Herbaceous Layer ◽  
Pastoral Area ◽  
Palatable Species

This article combines data from historical records, recently published maps and a field survey to document changes in the vegetation of a pastoral area in south-western Queensland. Examples are given where wildfire, ringbarking,clearing and grazing by both rabbits anddomestic stock have had major influences on the vegetation. The greatest change to the trees and inedible shrubs has been one of density. Evidence for changes in the herbaceous layer is less conclusive but it is likely that there has been a reduction in density of desirable perennial grasses and an increase in less palatable species.

scholarly journals Restoration of vegetation cover in reclaimed areas with coal preparation waste in Kuzbass

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Sergey Soloviev ◽  
Irina Semina ◽  
Vladimir Androkhanov ◽  
Asya Shipilova
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Coal Preparation ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The paper presents the results of research and assessment of the degree of restoration of vegetation cover in reclaimed areas with the use of coal preparation waste in Kuzbass. Reclamation of disturbed lands was carried out by backfilling the depleted pits of the former coal mine with coal preparation waste and forming a root layer on the leveled surface of the waste using materials of the fertile soil layer (FSL) and potentially fertile rocks (PFR). During the field survey of reclamation sites, it was found that when sowing perennial grasses (Bromopsis inermis, Medicago sativa, etc.) or planting trees and shrubs (Hippophae rhamnoides, Pinus sylvestris, etc.) on the root layer formed of FSL and/or PFR, favorable conditions are created in the reclaimed areas for the formation of the primary phytocenosis. Studies have also shown that in reclaimed areas where a fertile soil layer was used to form a root layer, a gradual restoration of soil properties is recorded in the surface fill layers, which in some parameters are close to natural soils common in the adjacent territories.

Using historical records, aerial photography and dendroecological methods to determine vegetation changes in a grassy woodland since European settlement

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Franco ◽  
John W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Vegetation Changes ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Understorey Vegetation ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Native Shrubs ◽  
Open Woodland

By using historical records, aerial photography and dendroecological methods, we assessed the vegetation changes that have occurred in a grassy-woodland landscape at Inverleigh, Victoria, since 1850. Land managers have perceived that encroachment by native shrubs such as Acacia paradoxa DC. has occurred in woodlands in the area after their reservation for conservation following a long period of stock grazing, but data are needed to place these recent changes in context. The vegetation has passed through three management phases since early European settlement and these have contributed to the present vegetation patterns. The area was (1) initially set aside as a timber reserve at the time of European settlement and was periodically grazed by stock. (2) Logging, plantation forestry and stock grazing regimes caused large-scale disturbances to the understorey vegetation during the early 1900s and continued to the 1980s. In the 1970s, disturbances caused by recreational activities intensified the vegetation modification. During this time, the vegetation changed from an open woodland to denser, shrubbier woodland. Most soil disturbances ceased when (3) the area was declared a flora reserve in 1988. Evidence suggests that with the cessation of these disturbances, populations of the native shrub Acacia paradoxa increased dramatically, reducing the tree-gap area significantly. The major increase occurred from 1974 to 2002 when the area of tree gap declined by 38%. Age-class analyses suggested that most (>80%) of the A. paradoxa population is less than 25 years old, but plants may be able to live beyond 60 years. Logistic regression modelling suggested that distance to closest track influences present-day A. paradoxa distribution, as does soil moisture. This suggests that the soil disturbance from grading tracks and vehicle movements may be facilitating both the spread and initial establishment of A. paradoxa, particularly on soils of higher soil-moisture holding capacity. Strategies for future woodland management must consider how the current vegetation dynamics reflect past land-use history, and land managers must choose appropriate goals for biodiversity conservation in the light of these changes.

Studies in the ecology of the Riverine plain. I. The gilgai microrelief and associated flora

1955 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
OB Williams
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Vegetation Changes ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Seed Retention ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Normal Rainfall

The flora of the gilgai microrelief at Deniliquin, N.S.W., is described, and the major vegetation changes over a 4-year period are outlined. Until 1950 the shelf was dominated by chenopodiaceous plants, the depression by perennial grasses, and the puff by annual grasses and herbs. After heavy and persistent winter rainfall in 1951, the depressions remained waterlogged for several months. The perennial grasses died out and were replaced by species of Juncus and Carex and Eleocharis acuta R.Br. With the return to more normal rainfall the earlier flora in the depression is being slowly re-established. From measurements made on the soils it would appear that physical factors are important in determining the species which grow on the shelf, depression, and puff respectively. Some of the factors concerned are: (a) the soil moisture content at which water becomes available to plants, and particularly to seeds; (b) the intensity of soil cracking, which influences seed retention, moisture penetration, and the extent to which root systems are damaged; (c) aeration of the soil.

scholarly journals Assessment of revegetation with waste coal on the reclaimed sites in the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass

2021 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Irina Semina ◽  
Vladimir Androkhanov ◽  
Sergey Solovyev
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Coal Preparation ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Waste Coal

The paper presents the results of research and assessment of the revegetation degree in reclaimed areas using coal preparation waste in the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass. Reclamation of disturbed lands was carried out by backfilling the worked-out pits of the former coal mine with coal preparation waste and forming a root layer on the leveled surface of the waste using materials of the fertile soil layer (FSL) and potentially fertile rocks (PFR). During the field survey of reclamation sites, it was found that when sowing perennial grasses (Bromopsis inermis, Medicago sativa, etc.) or planting trees and shrubs (Hippophae rhamnoides, Pinus sylvestris, etc.) on the formed root layer from the PFR and / or FSL, favorable conditions are created for the formation of the primary phytocenosis in the reclaimed areas. The studies also showed that in reclaimed areas using a fertile soil layer for the formation of a root layer, a gradual restoration of soil properties is recorded in the surface covered layers, which in some parameters are close to natural soils common in the adjacent territories.

The development of a system for monitoring trend in range condition in the arid shrublands of Western Australia.

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Holm ◽  
DG Burnside ◽  
AA Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Rangeland Monitoring ◽  
Edible Species ◽  
Palatable Species ◽  
Western Australian

The role of a monitoring system for Western Australian pastoral shrublands is examined. The authors argue that the objective of management is to maximise sustained animal productivity, and that this can only be attained if the soil is maintained in a stable state. In non-degraded rangelands this objective is synonomous with the maintenance of a pasture community with its natural balance of edible and less edible species. In degraded rangelands the objective of regaining the pristine vegetation may, in many cases, be unattainable. Nevertheless, the objective of maximum sustained productivity again appears suitable since this would ensure that, where management is able to influence the direction of change, it is towards a pasture dominated by useful, rather than non-palatable, species. Our monitoring system aims to assist management achieve these objectives. The Western Australian Rangeland Monitoring System (WARMS) has been designed to include the assessment of ecological processes but with a strong bias towards characteristics that can be interpreted in production terms. We expect that the system will primarily and most importantly, aid pastoralists in their season by season decisions on stock movements. It will also provide a tool for the land administrator, who must be able to assure the wider community that the land is being used wisely. Finally, it should assist range scientists towards a better understanding of rangeland ecosystems. The WARMS system involves a series of grazed range monitoring sites, lightly grazed reference areas and ungrazed control areas. At each monitoring site a photograph is taken and plants within a fixed area are identified and marked on an overlay. The number and size of perennial shrubs are recorded within fixed belt transects and the contribution from perennial grasses and biennial species is assessed. Soil stability is also assessed using a rating scale and a modified step point procedure.

scholarly journals Distribution and current status of natural enemies of Paropsis charybdis in New Zealand

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Murray ◽  
T.M. Withers ◽  
S. Mansfield ◽  
J. Bain
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Tortoise Beetle ◽  
Inundative Releases

In the 1970s and 1980s two natural enemies of the eucalyptus tortoise beetle Paropsis charybdis an invasive pest from Australia were established in New Zealand Cleobora mellyi (Coccinellidae) remained localised to the Marlborough Sounds but Enoggera nassaui (Pteromalidae) showed a significant impact and spread throughout the country A selfintroduced hyperparasitoid Baeoanusia albifunicle (Encyrtidae) has recently disrupted the biological control of P charybdis by E nassaui Another selfintroduced parasitoid Neopolycystus insectifurax (Pteromalidae) has also appeared As the distributions of the three parasitoids and C mellyi throughout the eucalypt growing areas of New Zealand were largely unknown historical records were reviewed and a field survey of selected areas was carried out The three parasitoids are widely distributed and despite some recent inundative releases of C mellyi it does not appear to have established in other geographical areas yet The effectiveness of the biocontrol agents against P charybdis will be the focus of future research

Vegetation changes in a semiarid tropical savanna, northern Australia: 1973 - 2002

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Bastin ◽  
John Ludwig ◽  
Robert Eager ◽  
Adam Liedloff ◽  
Reginald Andison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Vegetation Changes ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus

We measured vegetation changes inside and outside two exclosures built in 1973 on red calcareous loam soils located in Conkerberry Paddock on Victoria River Research Station in northern Australia. These two exclosures were unburnt since their establishment in 1973 until exclosure 1 was unintentionally burnt late in the dry season (October) of 2001. Data from permanent transects and examples from photopoints illustrate that from mostly bare soils in 1973, total pasture biomass recovered relatively rapidly both inside and outside exclosures (in about five years). This initial recovery was primarily due to the establishment of annual grasses and forbs. After this five year period, there was a consistent increase in the biomass of perennial grasses, such as Heteropogon contortus and Dichanthium spp. Also in the first five years after exclosure, the exotic shrub, Calotropis procera,invaded the study area, but then largely disappeared in a period of lower wet-season rainfall in the late 1980s. The density of native tree species, particularly Hakea arborescens, Eucalyptus pruinosa and Lysiphyllum cunninghamii increased in general, but more so inside one or other of the exclosures. Although the late dry-season fire of 2001 reduced the density of larger H. arborescens and L. cunninghamii inside the exclosure at Site 1, this effect was not apparent for smaller trees and for trees outside this exclosure. Our findings show that savanna vegetation can change massively in the medium term (29 years) and that exclosure from cattle grazing can contribute to our understanding of the role of livestock in such change. However, exclosures by themselves do not provide adequate information about the processes leading to vegetation change replicated experimental studies are needed. That substantial increase in the biomass and proportion of perennial grasses occurred with light to moderate cattle grazing implies that these rangelands can be managed for production, although control of woody vegetation is an issue.

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