The effects of burning, fertilizing and clipping on populations of Aristida armata, Thyridolepis mitchelliana and Monachather paradoxa in a mulga woodland pasture.

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Brown
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Seedling Regeneration ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Acacia Aneura ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Permanent Quadrats

The effects of burning, clipping, applying nitrogenous fertilizer, and protection from grazing on populations of three perennial grasses were monitored over four years in permanent quadrats in a mulga (Acacia aneura) woodland pasture near Charleville. Queensland. The grasses were the weedy invader Aristida armata (wiregrass), and two desirable species, Thyridolepis mitchelliana (mulga grass) and Monachather paradoxa (mulga oats). They comprised 70%, 16%, and 12%. respectively, of the pasture at the start of the experiment. Rainfall had a greater effect on plant numbers. especially of A. armata, than any treatment other than repeated clipping. The greatest mortality amongst A. armata plants occurred during a protracted dry period between March 1982 and April 1983 but the losses were more than compensated by mass germination during April 1983. The other two species responded similarly but less markedly. Repeated clipping caused attrition of all three species but failed to improve pasture composition. Pasture recovery after burning was slow and accompanied by a minor deterioration in pasture composition as measured by the proportion of A. armata plants. Burning caused greater mortality in A. armata plants than in the other two species but this was offset by greater A. armata seedling regeneration. Both initial survival and subsequent seedling recruitment were reduced by slashing a week prior to burning. When left ungrazed. T mitchelliana and M. paradoxa were more drought tolerant than A. armata and their relative numbers in the ungrazed plots increased over the four years of the experiment. Thus, protection from grazing offers the best prospect of improving pasture condition as none of the other treatments reduced A. armata numbers without adversely affecting those of T. mitchelliana and M. paradoxa.

scholarly journals The influence of two wildfires and biological control agents on the population dynamics of Melaleuca quinquenervia in a seasonally inundated wetland

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Philip W. Tipping ◽  
Melissa R. Martin ◽  
Jeremiah R. Foley ◽  
Ryan M. Pierce ◽  
Lyn A. Gettys
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Sapling Growth

AbstractThe potential of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake to reinvade cleared areas was evaluated over a 13-yr period that included two wildfires and the introduction of biological control agents. The first wildfire occurred in 1998 and was followed by a mean of 591.5 recruited seedlings m−2. Recruits from that fire were cleared 7 yr later in July 2005 for a second experiment to evaluate seedling recruitment into cleared areas. Seed rain, seedling recruitment and mortality, and sapling growth rates were measured in four plots located around individual large reproductive trees. A second natural wildfire in 2007 burned through those plots, leading to increases in seed rain followed by a pulse in recruitment of 21.04 seedlings m−2, 96.5% fewer than after the 1998 fire. Recruits in half of the plots around each tree were then treated with regular applications of an insecticide to restrict herbivory by biological control agents, while herbivory was not restricted in the other half. There was no difference in seedling mortality between treatments 1,083 d post-fire (2007) with 96.6% seedling mortality in the unrestricted herbivory treatment and 89.4% mortality in the restricted herbivory treatment. Recruits subjected to the restricted herbivory treatment grew taller than those in the unrestricted herbivory treatment, 101.3 cm versus 37.4 cm. Many of the recruits were attacked by the biological control agents, which slowed their growth. Although solitary M. quinquenervia trees retain some capacity to reinvade areas under specific circumstances, there was a downward trend in their overall invasiveness at this site, with progressively smaller recruitment cohorts due to biological control agents. Land managers should prioritize removing large reproductive trees over treating recently recruited populations, which can be left for many years for the biological control agents to suppress before any additional treatment would be needed.

CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION AND YIELD OF THE MAMMARY SECRETION OF COWS DURING THE INITIATION OF LACTATION

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. HARTMANN
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Abrupt Increase ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Casein Protein ◽  
Two Phases

SUMMARY Mammary secretion (1·2–2·0 ml) was collected from the milk sinus of each mammary gland (quarter) of two pregnant heifers and eight pregnant cows (dry period 49–229 days), first at weekly intervals from 40 days before parturition, then with increasing frequency as parturition approached. The progressive changes in the concentration of lactose, glucose, casein, non-casein protein and fat in the mammary secretion were determined. Calves were separated from the cows immediately after birth and the yield and composition of milk from individual quarters were determined for 5 days after parturition. Two quarters (milked quarters) of each of a further five cows were milked throughout pregnancy, while the other two quarters (unmilked quarters) of each cow were allowed to involute (dry off) 63– 104 days before parturition. Small samples (5–10 ml) of secretion were collected from the unmilked quarters, first at weekly intervals after drying off and then every second day from 10 to 15 days before parturition. On the days that the unmilked quarters were sampled, corresponding composite milk samples were collected from the milked quarters and the progressive changes in the yield of milk, lactose and fat were determined. The changes in the concentration of lactose and glucose in the mammary secretion, during drying off in late lactation, were determined in an additional five cows. In most cows allowed a usual dry period, and in the unmilked quarters of cows in which two quarters were milked throughout pregnancy, the concentration of lactose gradually increased from about 8 to 12 days before parturition to reach levels of about half those found in normal milk just before parturition. However, in some cows the concentration of lactose was low until 1–2 days before parturition and then increased abruptly, whereas in others the concentration of lactose increased slowly from as early as 32 days before parturition. A further rapid increase in the concentration of lactose in the mammary secretion occurred between 0 and 4 days before parturition in all cows. This latter increase was accompanied by an abrupt increase in the yield of milk, lactose and fat in the milked quarters of the cows in which two quarters were milked throughout pregnancy. These observations suggest that the initiation of lactation in the cow develops in two phases, a limited secretion of milk constituents occurs in late pregnancy and then 0–4 days before parturition copious secretion (lactogenesis) occurs.

A modified Runge-Kutta method

SIMULATION ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 221-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Chai
Keyword(s):  
Error Estimate ◽  
Linear Combination ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Kutta Method ◽  
Starting Values ◽  
Runge Kutta Method ◽  
Runge Kutta ◽  
A Minor

It is possible to replace k2 in a 4th-order Runge-Kutta for mula (also Nth-order 3 ≤ N ≤ 5) by a linear combination of k1 and the ki's in the last step, using the same procedure for computing the other ki's and y as in the standard R-K method. The advantages of the new method are: It re quires one less derivative evaluation, provides an error estimate at each step, gives more accurate results, and needs a minor change to switch to the RK to obtain the starting values. Experimental results are shown in verification of the for mula.

scholarly journals II.—General Theorems on Determinants

1880 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Thomas Muir
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Elementary Theorem ◽  
A Minor

The rows of a determinant of the nth order having been separated into two sets, one containing the first p rows and the other the rest, if each minor of the pth degree formed from the first set be multiplied by a minor, called its complementary, formed from the second set, and the result have its sign chosen in accordance with a certain law, it is well known as an elementary theorem that the aggregate of the products thus obtained is equal to the original determinant.

A Medieval Open Work

POETICA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 228-265
Author(s):  
Rafael Simian
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Umberto Eco ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Open Work ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Guigo II is commonly known and praised among specialists of Western mysticism for his Scala claustralium, a work that presents a spiritual program for cloistered monks. His Meditations, on the other hand, have usually been relegated to the margin of attention. The First Meditation, in particular, is generally regarded as a minor piece. The paper argues, however, that a new approach can make better sense of the First Meditation, while also enabling us to recognize its specific function and value. Seen from this new perspective, Guigo’s purpose with the text is to train and exercise his readers’ minds according to the spiritual program laid out in the Scala. The paper shows that the First Meditation realizes that goal, surprisingly, by having the same essential features that Umberto Eco found in the ‘open works’ of the Western avant-garde.

Paranormal Belief, Experience, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (3_part_2) ◽  
pp. 1104-1106
Author(s):  
Jezz Fox ◽  
Carl Williams
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Keirsey Temperament Sorter ◽  
Paranormal Belief ◽  
Anomalous Experience ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Paranormal Experience

121 college students completed the Anomalous Experience Inventory and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter. Multiple regression analyses provided significant models predicting both Paranormal Experience and Belief; the main predictors were the other subscales of the Anomalous Experience Inventory with the Keirsey variables playing only a minor role.

scholarly journals A Psychological Reading of J. D. Salinger’s “For Esme with Love and Squalor”

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Morteza Habibi Nesami ◽  
Asghar Moulavi Nafchi
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adult Relationships ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
A Minor ◽  
War Stories

The 20thcentury has witnessed a plethora of war stories, but among them Salinger’s “For Esme with Love and Squalor,” a minor masterpiece as Paul Alexander calls it, stands out. It also falls among those typical Salingerian child-adult relationships that highlight the non-phony members of society with many things in common distinguishing them from the other so-called normal members of the society. In the current study, characters are studied from a psychological point of view and classified into two major groups by the researchers. The first group and the main focus of the study is the minority of society and the second group relates to the majority or commonality. The minority group includes Salinger’s heroes and protagonists who are later known as psychoneurotic. This first group feels affinity to the children who are far away from the hostility and harshness of adults’ world as, to Salinger, the concept of innocence means being away from the false standards and hypocrisy of the majority of the insensitive society. The researchers try to distinguish between these two groups from different psychological and psychoanalytic aspects. Despite the contrast between these two groups, there are some similarities in their sexual conceptions and psychological adjustment that clarify similarities in traits and responses in the form of adopting different mechanisms to adjust and remove tensions and alleviate anxiety employing the mechanisms Freud calls palliative remedies.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Plucking Systems on Yield and Root Starch Reserve in Two Cultivars of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
T Ahmed ◽  
WAJM De Costa ◽  
MA Wijeratne
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Root Starch ◽  
One Year

A study was carried out to monitor the effect of different plucking systems on root starch reserve and yield of tea in two cultivars (drought tolerant TRI2025 and moderately drought tolerant TRI2026). Depending on the severity of plucking, four plucking systems were used as treatments namely, mother-leaf plucking, fish-leaf plucking, janam-leaf plucking and estate practice. The cultivar TRI2026 showed significantly higher yield than the drought tolerant cultivar TRI2025. Estate practice produced greater yield in TRI2025 than the other treatments, while in TRI2026 the highest yield was found in fish-leaf plucking system. Although cultivars had no significant effect on root starch reserves, however significantly different found in treatments. About one year after commencing the experiment, for both cultivars higher root starch observed under mother-leaf plucking and the lowest was in janam-leaf plucking.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 91-95 2016

scholarly journals Betaine Yields from Marine Algal Species Utilized in the Preparation of Seaweed Extracts Used in Agriculture

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Blunden ◽  
Peter F. Morse ◽  
Imre Mathe ◽  
Judit Hohmann ◽  
Alan T. Critchley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minor Constituent ◽  
Laminaria Digitata ◽  
Seaweed Extracts ◽  
Marine Algal ◽  
A Minor

Ascophyllum nodosum, and to a lesser extent, Laminaria digitata, L. hyperborea and Fucus serratus, are marine algal species utilized in the commercial production of seaweed extracts used in agriculture. Betaines have been shown to be important constituents of these extracts, but there appears to have been no study made on whether there are variations in the betaine contents of these species based on either the place or date of collection. Samples of each of the four species were collected from widely separated areas at different times of the year. Also, in the case of A. nodosum, approximately monthly collections were made from one location. The betaines detected in the various collections of the same species showed little variation, although in the case of A. nodosum, glycinebetaine was found as a minor constituent in some samples, but was not detected in others. Trigonelline was found in all the tested samples of the two Laminaria species; this is, to our knowledge, the first record of this betaine in marine algae. With the exception of trigonelline in the Laminaria species, the betaine yields from the various samples of L. digitata, L. hyperborea and F. serratus showed little variation, regardless of either the place or date of collection. The trigonelline contents of the Laminaria species collected at one location (Finavarra, Ireland), in particular of L. hyperborea, was substantially greater than those from the other places of collection. In the case of A. nodosum, the betaine yields from samples collected at one site (Dale, Pembrokeshire, UK) were significantly higher than those from the other places of collection, which were very similar to each other. There was no clear indication of seasonal variation in betaine yields from A. nodosum.

Primary surgery for sapheno-femoral incompetence: A randomised controlled trial to compare two techniques to reduce lymphatic complications

VASA ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouton ◽  
Keller ◽  
Naef ◽  
Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Suture Material ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The Other ◽  
Absorbable Suture ◽  
Lymphatic Tissue ◽  
Primary Surgery ◽  
Sharp Dissection ◽  
Lymphatic Complications ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
A Minor

Background: We prospectively compared lymphatic complications after two types of surgery for primary sapheno-femoral incompetence: sharp dissection with meticulous ligation of lymphatic tissue and electrocoagulation technique respectively. Patients and methods: 154 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for bilateral primary sapheno-femoral incompetence were randomised. Each side was the control for the other side. 154 groins underwent sharp dissection with ligation of lymphatic tissue using absorbable suture material and 154 controls had a dissection performed with electrocoagulation. Results: There was no lymphocoele, no relevant lymphorrhea and no extremity oedema in either group. Three patients had a minor lymphatic discharge in both groins, self-limiting within 24 hours (1.9%). There were no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions: Lymphatic complications in primary surgery for sapheno-femoral incompetence are very rare. There is no detectable advantage of sharp dissection with ligation of lymphatic tissue over dissection with electrocoagulation without ligatures.

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