scholarly journals Developing the north: learning from the past to guide future plans and policies

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ash ◽  
Ian Watson
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Investment Planning ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North

The development of northern Australia has been a policy ambition for over a century and the desire to do so continues unabated. Attempts to develop the north, especially for more intensive forms of agriculture are not new. In this paper we explore past agricultural developments, including some that persist today and those that have failed, to determine critical factors in success or failure. This was done with the aim of identifying where most effort should focus in supporting contemporary agricultural developments. Although climatic and environmental constraints, including pests and diseases, remain a challenge for agricultural development in these largely tropical rangelands, it is mainly factors associated with finances and investment planning, land tenure and property rights, management, skills, and supply chains, which provide the critical challenges. In particular, the desire to scale-up too rapidly and the associated failure to invest sufficient time and resources in management to learn how to develop appropriate farming systems that are sustainable and economically viable is a recurrent theme through the case study assessment. Scaling up in a more measured way, with a staged approach to the investment in physical capital, should better allow for the inevitable set-backs and the unexpected costs in developing tropical rangelands for agriculture. There are two notable differences from the historical mandate to develop. First is the acknowledgement that development should not disadvantage Indigenous people, that Indigenous people have strong interests and rights in land and water resources and that these resources will be deployed to further Indigenous economic development. Second, assessing environmental impacts of more intensive development is more rigorous than in the past and the resources and timeframes required for these processes are often underestimated.

scholarly journals Sustainable rice farming systems: farmer attribute and land ecosystem perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-141
Author(s):  
Bo Hou ◽  
Eugene Burgos Mutuc ◽  
Linhai Wu ◽  
Hsiu-Yu Lee ◽  
Kun-Hwa Lu
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Health Care Education ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
Economic Profile ◽  
The Government ◽  
Farm Inputs ◽  
Cost Of Transportation

This study assesses the sustainability of rice farming through the perspectives of farmer attributes and land ecosystem – sub-categorized as the socio-economic profile of farmers, resources, constraints, investments, and its economic contribution to the economic pursuits of families of farmers. It also proposes a program which can improve rice production in Bulacan, Philippines, and similar contexts. This study discusses the identified rice farming constraints such as inadequate capital, high cost of labor, inadequate supply of farm inputs, poor marketing outlet, high cost of pesticides, high cost of fertilizer, issues on land tenure system, ignorance on the existing rice farming programs of the government, poor storage facilities, high cost of transportation, pests and diseases, and climate change. The contributions of rice farming to the economic pursuits of families of farmers are analyzed in terms of their gross profit, savings, and family living expenditures such as food, clothing, recreation, personal item, health care, education, utilities, transportation, dwelling maintenance, and appliances/furniture. Lastly, the suggestions for sustainable and human health facilitating rice farming in developing countries are discussed.

Revitalisering af inuitisk tradition i Grønland

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Sidse Birk Johannsen
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
North American ◽  
New Age ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Cultural Revitalization ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Mainstream Culture

ABSTRACT: The revitalization process among indigenous people on the North American continent has been increasing since the beginning of the 20th century, especially after 1960 (Paldam 2017, 136 Fonda 2012, 172, Wallace 1956). In Greenland, there are examples of cultural revitalization dating back to the 1970s, but interest in Inuit culture and religion has especially increased over the past decade (Krutak 2014, 55 Pedersen 2014, 51). The purpose of this paper is to clarify the differences and variations of where and how the flourishing of Inuit traditions is expressed in today’s Greenlandic society. The paper highlights variations and differences between mainstream culture and niche religiosity and presents a model for categorizing different groupings in the field. Finally, the revitalization process is discussed as respectively an ethno particular niche religion or a New Age tendency with a global outlook. DANSK RESUME: Revitaliseringstendensen blandt oprindelige folk har været stigende på det nordamerikanske kontinent siden begyndelsen af 1900-tallet og særligt efter 1960 (Paldam 2017, 136; Fonda 2012, 17, Wallace 1956). I Grønland findes der eksempler på kulturel revitalisering tilbage til 1970’erne; men opblomstringen af inuitiske traditioner og religion er særligt højnet det seneste årti (Krutak 2014, 55; Pedersen 2014, 51). Denne artikels formål er at tydeliggøre de forskellige variationer af, hvor og hvordan opblomstringen af inuitiske traditioner kommer til udtryk i nutidens grønlandske samfund. Artiklen fremhæver variationer og forskelle imellem mainstreamkultur og nichereligiøsitet og præsenterer en model til kategorisering af forskellige grupperinger i feltet. Afsluttende diskuteres revitaliseringsprocessen som henholdsvis etnopartikulær nichereligion eller New Age-tendens med globalt udsyn.

Classifying the Past: Discriminant Analysis and its Application to Medieval Farming Systems

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Bartley
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Livestock Management

This paper discusses the need for nationally based analytical models of the medieval period. The use of cluster analysis as a method for classifying demesne farms, by the crops they grew and their livestock management, is explained. Successful implementation of cluster analysis requires both the existence of a large base sample, to permit isolation of specific groupings within the data, and access to considerable processing time. The paper concludes by demonstrating how discriminant analysis can provide an efficient and systematic way of classifying even a single manor within a national frame of reference.

Interrogating the Constitutionality of Federal Character Principle in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 20492-20498
Author(s):  
Aborisade Olasunkanmi ◽  
Christopher Agulanna
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Research Work ◽  
National Unity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Inhibiting Factors

This work interrogates federal character principle (FCP) in Nigeria. The FCP was designed to fundamentally address the striking features of Nigeria politics of intense struggles for power among the different ethnic groups in the country between the elites from the North and their Southern counterparts and the various segments, but the practice of FCP in Nigeria so far raises curiosity and doubts. Given the outcome of the interrogation, this research work discovered and conclude that federal character has not indeed achieve its objective in the Nigeria, the study finds that Ethnocentrism, Elitism, Mediocrity, Mutual suspicion amongst others accounts for some inhibiting factors of the FCP in Nigeria. Like many other provisions of the Constitution, the Federal Character principle was meant to correct some imbalances experienced in the past, but it has created more problems than it has attempted to solve. Rather than promote national unity, it has disunited Nigerians. There is an urgent need to use more of professionals and result oriented Nigerians to carry out national tasks, than to use unprogressive people due to this "Federal character" issue. Nigeria should be a place where one's track records and qualifications are far greater than just "where they come from" or their lineage if Nigerian truly want to progress.

Colchicum autumnale (Colchicaceae) w okolicach Krakowa – dawne i obecne rozmieszczenie

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Magdalena Zarzyka-Ryszka
Keyword(s):  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Colchicum Autumnale ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Present Distribution ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
North Eastern Part

The paper describes the past and present distribution of Colchicum autumnale in the vicinity of Cracow, highlights the role of Stanisław Dembosz (who published the first locality of C. autumnale near Igołomia in 1841). Gives information about the occurrence of C. autumnale in Krzeszowice in the 19th century (reported by Bronisław Gustawicz), presents new localities noted in 2012–2014 in meadows in the north-eastern part of the Puszcza Niepołomicka forest and adjacent area (between the Vistula and Raba rivers), and gives a locality found in Cracow in 2005 (no longer extant).

Present Status of the Salmonids Atlantic Salmon and Sea-Trout in the Dutch Part of the River Rhine

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Cazemier
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Sea Trout ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Trout Population ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Heavy Pollution

In the past, the anadromous salmonids, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and sea-trout (Salmo trutta), have formed natural populations in the river Rhine. From the beginning of the nineteenth century onwards, the greater part of the drainage area of the river has been gradually altered from a more or less rural and agricultural area, into a highly industrialised one with subsequent industrialisation, river-engineering and heavy pollution. These developments are considered to be the major cause for the disappearance of the populations of anadromous salmonid fish in the 1950s. The water quality has recovered significantly during the past 25 years. From about 1975 onwards, this process gave rise to a recovery of the anadromous trout population. Results of recent studies of the sea-trout migration pattern are presented. They reveal that nowadays these salmonids can complete their up- and downstream migrations from the North Sea to places, situated at hundreds of kilometres upward the river and vica versa. The numbers of recorded Atlantic salmon and catch locations in inland waters are presented. They show a significant increase since 1989. These phenomena can be understood as promising signs of the recovery of the Rhine aquatic ecosystem.

Uncommon Grounds

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Historical Novel ◽  
Latin American Literature ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
American Novel ◽  
Song Of Solomon ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us

This chapter turns from a historical account of the development of the US literature of experience and the Latin American literature of reading to a textual analysis of the US and Latin American historical novel. Hemispheric/inter-American scholars often cite William Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom! (1936), Gabriel García Márquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967), and Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon (1977) as exemplifying instances of literary borrowing across the North–South divide. As I demonstrate, however, each of the later texts also realigns its predecessor’s historical imaginary according to the dominant logics of the US and Latin American literary fields. Whereas the American works foreground experiential models of reconstructing the past and conveying knowledge across generations, García Márquez’s Latin American novel presents reading as the fundamental mode of comprehending and transmitting history.

scholarly journals Agriculture and land use in the North of Russia: Case study of Karelia and Yakutia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1497-1511
Author(s):  
Alexey Naumov ◽  
Varvara Akimova ◽  
Daria Sidorova ◽  
Mikhail Topnikov
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic

AbstractDespite harsh climate, agriculture on the northern margins of Russia still remains the backbone of food security. Historically, in both regions studied in this article – the Republic of Karelia and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) – agricultural activities as dairy farming and even cropping were well adapted to local conditions including traditional activities such as horse breeding typical for Yakutia. Using three different sources of information – official statistics, expert interviews, and field observations – allowed us to draw a conclusion that there are both similarities and differences in agricultural development and land use of these two studied regions. The differences arise from agro-climate conditions, settlement history, specialization, and spatial pattern of economy. In both regions, farming is concentrated within the areas with most suitable natural conditions. Yet, even there, agricultural land use is shrinking, especially in Karelia. Both regions are prone to being affected by seasonality, but vary in the degree of its influence. Geographical location plays special role, and weaknesses caused by remoteness to some extent become advantage as in Yakutia. Proximity effect is controversial. In Karelia, impact of neighboring Finland is insignificant compared with the nearby second Russian city – Saint Petersburg.

scholarly journals Camelina, an ancient oilseed crop actively contributing to the rural renaissance in Europe. A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Zanetti ◽  
Barbara Alberghini ◽  
Ana Marjanović Jeromela ◽  
Nada Grahovac ◽  
Dragana Rajković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
European Farming ◽  
European Agriculture

AbstractPromoting crop diversification in European agriculture is a key pillar of the agroecological transition. Diversifying crops generally enhances crop productivity, quality, soil health and fertility, and resilience to pests and diseases and reduces environmental stresses. Moreover, crop diversification provides an alternative means of enhancing farmers’ income. Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) reemerged in the background of European agriculture approximately three decades ago, when the first studies on this ancient native oilseed species were published. Since then, a considerable number of studies on this species has been carried out in Europe. The main interest in camelina is related to its (1) broad environmental adaptability, (2) low-input requirements, (3) resistance to multiple pests and diseases, and (4) multiple uses in food, feed, and biobased applications. The present article is a comprehensive and critical review of research carried out in Europe (compared with the rest of the world) on camelina in the last three decades, including genetics and breeding, agronomy and cropping systems, and end-uses, with the aim of making camelina an attractive new candidate crop for European farming systems. Furthermore, a critical evaluation of what is still missing to scale camelina up from a promising oilseed to a commonly cultivated crop in Europe is also provided (1) to motivate scientists to promote their studies and (2) to show farmers and end-users the real potential of this interesting species.

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