Exploring appropriate livelihood alternatives for sustainable rangeland management

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojatollah Khedri Gharibvand ◽  
Hossein Azadi ◽  
Frank Witlox
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Sustainable Livelihoods ◽  
Rangeland Management ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rangeland Degradation ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Migration Strategies ◽  
And Migration

Rangeland degradation and vulnerability of livelihoods are two major challenges facing pastoralists, rangeland managers and policy-makers in arid and semi-arid areas. There is a need to make holistic informed decisions in order to protect rangelands and sustain livelihoods. Through a comprehensive literature review on rangeland management policies and livelihood strategies of ‘rangeland users’, it is shown how such policies have affected sustainable rangeland management, how strategies to sustain livelihoods have been incomplete and how there has been a lack of a multi-disciplinary approach in acknowledging them. Accordingly, a set of appropriate livelihood alternatives is introduced and, thenceforth, a framework for their evaluation is developed. Supportive strategies for enhancing resilience are discussed as a research and policy-making gap. In this study, the keys to achieve sustainable livelihoods are acknowledged as ‘livelihoods’ resilience’, where livelihoods need to be supported by access to capital, means of coping with the contexts of vulnerability as well as by enhancing policies, institutions and processes. The paper proposes a set of ‘livestock-based livelihoods’ regarding ‘traditional pastoralism’ as well as ‘their mitigation and adaptation’. Moreover, their transformation to ‘commercial pastoralism’, ‘resource-based livelihoods’, ‘alternative livelihoods’ and ‘migration’ strategies is recognised to be employed by rangeland users as useful alternatives in different regions and under future changing conditions including climate change. These strategies embrace thinking on resilience and are supported by strategies that address social and ecological consequences of climate change consisting of mitigation, adaptation and transformation. It is argued that sustainable livelihoods and sustainable rangeland management will be achieved if they are supported by policies that build and facilitate a set of appropriate livelihood alternatives and keep them in a sustainable state rather than being limited to supporting ‘vulnerable livelihoods’. Finally, future directions for analysing and policy-making in selecting the best alternative to achieve sustainable livelihoods are indicated.

Local perceptions of rangeland degradation and climate change in the pastoral society of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Wu ◽  
Xiangfeng Zhang ◽  
Shikui Dong ◽  
Hong Cai ◽  
Tianren Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Rangeland Management ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Rangeland Degradation

Rangelands provide several valuable ecological services and provide for the livelihoods of local herders on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). However, rangelands are being degraded due to overgrazing, policy changes and climate change. In this context, a survey was conducted in Zhuaxixiulong township of Gansu Province, China to examine the rangeland management systems and identify problems herders are facing in terms of livestock production and livelihoods using a Participatory Rural Appraisal approach. The results indicated that local herders perceived recent trends in rangeland degradation, climatic change, and political changes, and had developed management practices to adapt to these changes, such as adjusting transhumance patterns, cooperating with local institutions and adopting more collective actions in production practices. This study suggests that, to promote a sustainable rangeland management system in the QTP, policy-makers should recognise indigenous knowledge systems of grazing practices and rangeland management, as well as the need for more advanced technical methods. More attention should be paid to recent changes in climate, social transformations and economic changes to enhance the viability of such a pastoral society. To ensure the sustainability of the social–ecological system, there is a need to strengthen public participation and cooperation with all types of institutions to formulate appropriate policies and improve public services.

scholarly journals Health system plan for implementation of Paris agreement on climate change (COP 21): a qualitative study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arefeh Mousavi ◽  
Ali Ardalan ◽  
Amirhossein Takian ◽  
Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh ◽  
Kazem Naddafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation

Abstract Background Ensuring public health is crucial in any policy debate on climate change. Paris Agreement on climate change is a global contract, through which countries have committed themselves to a public health treaty. The agreement has laid the foundation for mitigation and adaptation. This study was conducted to provide an evidence-based framework for policy-making in the health system of Iran in order to reduce the adverse effects of climate change on public health and to increase the adaptation of the health system as a result. Methods This is a qualitative study. We first used Delphi method to extract the components of Paris Agreement on climate change that were related to the functions and policymaking of health system in Iran. Twenty-three experts in health and climate change were identified purposefully and through snowball sampling as participants in Delphi. Data collection instrument was a structured questionnaire. We used SPSS software version 25 for data analysis based on the descriptive indices including the mean, the percentage of consensus above 75%, and the Kendall coordination coefficient. Results Seventy-nine components classified within nine categories were extracted. The most important examples of the implementation of Paris Agreement on climate change in the health system of Iran were: participation in the formulation of strategies for mitigation and adaptation, identifying vulnerable groups, assessing vulnerability, increasing the capacity of health services delivery during extreme events, using early warning systems, using new technologies to increase the adaptation, evaluation of interventions, financial support, increasing the number of researches, increasing the knowledge and skills of staff, and finally public awareness. Conclusions Evidence-based policy-making is pivotal to develop effective programs to control the health effects of climate change. This research provided policy translation and customization of micro and macro provisions of Paris Agreement on climate change, in line with the political context of health system in Iran. Our finding will pave the ground, we envisage, for further steps towards capacity building and enhancement of resiliency of the health system, adaptation interventions, and evaluation, identification of barriers and facilitators for adaptation and decreasing the adverse health effects caused by the climate change, in Iran and perhaps beyond.

scholarly journals Social Networking on Climate Change

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Molinari
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mission Critical ◽  
Preparatory Action

This paper reports on the deployment of a multilingual Social Networking Platform in three Regions of Europe (Catalonia, Poitou-Charentes and Tuscany), in the context of an EU-funded Preparatory Action on eParticipation dealing with the issue of climate change and energy policy making at the level of the European Parliament. The US (“Obama”) approach and a novel (“European”) usage of social networks in political online discourses are compared. A recommendation to policy makers is that social networking can be useful whenever the topics under discussion are limited in scope, but also wide in implications, so that they require moving forward from “one-off” and “ad-hoc” participation experiments, towards the permanent coverage of “mission critical” Public Administration functions.

scholarly journals Creating New Norms on Climate Change, Natural Disasters and Displacement: International Developments 2010–2013

Refuge ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane McAdam
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
National Level ◽  
International Policy ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
And Migration

This article provides an account of attempts at the inter- national level to develop a normative framework relating to climate change and migration from late 2010 to mid- 2013. It traces the “catalytic effect” of paragraph 14(f) of the Cancún Adaptation Framework (adopted in December 2010), through to the concerted, but ultimately unsuccessful effort of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in 2011 to get states to agree to the formulation of a “global guiding framework” on displacement relating to climate change and natural disasters. Finally, the article discusses the creation of the state-led Nansen Initiative in late 2012—a tentative “first step” towards international policy-making in this field—and the outcomes of its first sub-regional consultation in the Pacific in May 2013.

scholarly journals Representations of Colombian Andean farmers on climate change and mitigation and adaptation strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
José de Jesús Núñez Rodríguez ◽  
Julio César Carvajal Rodríguez ◽  
Darcy Margarita Carrero ◽  
Luisa Lorena Ramírez Novoa ◽  
José Vicente Sánchez Frank
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Reduction ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract: This article presents the findings of research conducted in a rural community located in Norte de Santander Department, Colombia, on farmers' representations of the impacts of climate change. The analysis of the behavior of temperature and average rainfall in the period 1985-2015 was put together concerning the local knowledge of the farmers. The approach was developed through 56 multiple choice questions surveys done to 144 producers intentionally selected from a group of 1,933 farmers, analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The findings indicate a broad opinion by farmers of the effects of climate change due to the gradual increase in temperature that causes changes in the bimodal system and intensity of rainfall; reduction in agricultural and livestock production, product quality and quantity; intensification of pest and disease attacks; reduction in water sources and water quality; extinction and migration of species of flora and fauna; and effects on the family’s comfort during work and rest hours, health and hygiene. Likewise, local strategies and the participation of public institutions in the mitigation and adaptation to climate change are evident.

scholarly journals Statistical Assessment of the Changing Climate of Vadodara City, India During 1969-2006

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Anurag Kandya ◽  
Jayanta Sarkar ◽  
Abha Chhabra ◽  
Shreya Chauhan ◽  
Dishant Khatri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Statistical Assessment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The City ◽  
Indian Cities

There is a global change in the climate and cities are looked as the key culprits of this change. Indiawill undergo an immense urbanization in the coming decades, doubling its urbanpopulation by 2050. Thus it is very important to understand the dynamics of the changing urban climate of Indian cities. With this background, the present urban climate change study is conducted for the Vadodara city located in the state of Gujarat, Indiausing the hourly Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) and Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) available at 00-hr, 03-hr, 06-hr, 09-hr, 12-hr, 15-hr, 18-hr and 21-hr for a period of 37 years (1969-2006). The hourly DBT and WBT for the 12 months were bunched on hourly-monthlybasis (thereby having 192 specific bunches) for the study period which were then analyzed using the Mann-Kendall trend test at different confidence limits (90%, 95% and 99%). The findings reveal that there is an overall increase in the temperature of the city as for 78% of the time the DBT had an increasing trend and 52% of the time WBT had an increasing trend. For the first half of the day (03-hr to 12-hr) both the DBT and WBT had an overall increasing trend while in the second half of the day (15-hr to 0-hr) DBT had an overall increasing trend and WBT had an overall decreasing trend. This contrasting behavior of the DBT and WBT was specifically seen in the months of May-July which are largely the monsoon months. For both DBT and WBT, the month of Februaryhad the overall maximum increasing trend while the month of August had the overall maximum decreasing trend. The present study statistically quantifies the changing urban climate of Vadodara city and these findings would not only add to the pool of knowledge to understand the dynamics of the changing urban climate but will be of ready reference for the policy makers to initiate appropriate measures for mitigation and adaptation.

scholarly journals The Politics of Climate Change Adaptation

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nives Dolšak ◽  
Aseem Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Adaptation Policies

Climate action has two pillars: mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation faces collective action issues because its costs are focused on specific locations/actors but benefits are global and nonexcludable. Adaptation, in contrast, creates local benefits, and therefore should face fewer collective action issues. However, governance units vary in the types of adaptation policies they adopt. To explain this variation, we suggest conceptualizing adaptation-as-politics because adaptation speaks to the issues of power, conflicting policy preferences, resource allocation, and administrative tensions. In examining who develops and implements adaptation, we explore whether adaptation is the old wine of disaster management in the new bottle of climate policy, and the tensions between national and local policy making. In exploring what adaptation policies are adopted, we discuss maladaptation and the distinction between hard and soft infrastructure. Finally, we examine why politicians favor visible, hard adaptation over soft adaptation, and how international influences shape local policy.

scholarly journals What psychiatrists should know about environmental sustainability and what they should be doing about it

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Maughan ◽  
Helen Berry ◽  
Phil Davison
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Guest Editorial ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation Strategies

The 2013 report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has caused renewed concern among both clinicians and health policy makers. Climate change is continuing at an increasing rate. This guest editorial describes how climate change might affect global mental health and proposes three things that psychiatrists from every country could implement to respond appropriately to this urgent and severe global threat. These responses are mitigation and adaptation strategies for mental health services, and the integration of sustainability into training.

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