A rapid survey method for estimating population density of European rabbits living in native vegetation

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Mutze ◽  
Brian Cooke ◽  
Mark Lethbridge ◽  
Scott Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Survey Method ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Pellet Size ◽  
Breakdown Rate ◽  
Pellet Counts ◽  
Transect Counts ◽  
European Rabbits ◽  
Pellet Density ◽  
The Relationship

European rabbits are severe environmental pests in Australia but reporting of density-damage relationships has been hindered by a lack of simple methods to estimate the density of rabbit populations in native vegetation. A methodology for quantifying rabbit densities suitable for use in sparse populations of rabbits in conjunction with surveys of the condition of native vegetation is proposed. Dung pellets were counted in 11 629 regularly-spaced quadrats of 0.1 m2 in semiarid, coastal and cool-temperate areas of southern Australia. Mean pellet counts in latrines and the relationship between dung counts outside of latrines and the proportion of quadrats falling on latrines were quantified. This allowed density of dung pellets to be estimated by using a correction factor for latrines instead of attempting to count all pellets within quadrats that included parts of latrines. Rabbit density was calculated from pellet density based on mean pellet size, pellet breakdown rate and estimates of rabbits’ dry matter intake and digestive efficiency. Results were validated against estimates of rabbit density from long-term studies using a combination of spotlight transect counts and burrow entrance counts. The proposed methodology allows estimates of rabbit density in native vegetation to be obtained from just a few hours work and can be used in conjunction with surveys of the condition of native vegetation to quantify rabbit impacts. This methodology is seen as particularly useful in providing a tool to allow rabbit densities to be estimated and then compared with the thresholds, determined separately, at which damage occurs for given ecosystems.

scholarly journals Investigating the capability of Smart City in Tehran

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Nina Danilina ◽  
Alireza Majorzadehzahiri
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Effective Characteristics ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Management Factors ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The present research has sought to identify the features and capabilities of the smart city and their status in Tehran, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of this city in comparison with the smart city. For this purpose, first, the models and foundations of the smart city and its features presented by other researchers have been studied. The result of this study was to categorize Smart City features into six categories. The field survey of the topic by descriptive-survey method showed that these characteristics are confirmed by the statistical community as the characteristics of the smart city. With the ranking of 50 effective features, in addition to identifying important features in each category, 10 characteristics were identified as the most effective characteristics. The results show that among 50 characteristics, Tehran has only a relatively good status in eight characteristics. In other words, 84% of the characteristics in Tehran are not well-suited. The existence of such a situation cannot be ruled out by the integrated management factors on the affairs of the city of Tehran; there is no long-term plan for Tehran, and the relationship between people and government and the authorities is not related to partnership and cooperation.

Estimating density-dependent impacts of European rabbits on Australian tree and shrub populations

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Mutze ◽  
Brian Cooke ◽  
Scott Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Vegetation Condition ◽  
Browsing Damage ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
European Rabbits ◽  
Pellet Density ◽  
Palatable Species

Introduced European rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, can severely damage Australian native vegetation but the problem is difficult to quantify because simple methods to estimate rabbit impacts are lacking. Management decision-making is often uncertain because of unknown relationships between rabbit density and damage. We tested simple quantitative sampling methods using belt transects to detect differences in critical characteristics of perennial vegetation communities affected by rabbit browsing: damage to individual juvenile shrubs and trees, and loss of recruitment cohorts. Rabbit density and relative abundance of larger herbivores were estimated from dung pellet density. The prevalence of identifiable rabbit browse on juvenile plants increased with increasing rabbit density and was higher for plant species considered by previous authors to be highly palatable than for moderately palatable or unpalatable species. At densities of ≥0.5 rabbits ha–1, highly palatable plant species were severely damaged as juveniles and cohorts in 0.3–1.0 m height classes and 5–20 mm basal diameter classes were missing. Similar damage became apparent in moderately palatable species at 2 rabbits ha–1 but was rarely seen in unpalatable species. Within species, size cohort evenness was inversely related to the proportion of surviving juveniles with identifiable rabbit damage. The effect of rabbits on native vegetation condition can be recorded in a simple manner suitable for identifying density-damage relationships and changes in vegetation condition over time. It is particularly useful in setting target densities below which rabbits must be managed to maintain natural plant recruitment and ecosystem function in conservation reserves and pastoral grazing properties of southern Australia.

Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

Risk Attitude and Corporate Investment under Output Market Uncertainty: Evidence from The Mekong River Delta, Vietnam

2016 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Ninh Le Khuong ◽  
Nghiem Le Tan ◽  
Tho Huynh Huu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Firm Investment ◽  
Output Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to detect the impact of firm managers’ risk attitude on the relationship between the degree of output market uncertainty and firm investment. The findings show that there is a negative relationship between these two aspects for risk-averse managers while there is a positive relationship for risk-loving ones, since they have different utility functions. Based on the findings, this paper proposes recommendations for firm managers to take into account when making investment decisions and long-term business strategies as well.

Themes, Diction, and Prosodic Systems in Yoruba Lullabies

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusanmi Babarinde ◽  
Elizabeth Babarinde
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
World Views ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Future Learning

Lullabies are essentially sung for their soothing nature but, as this article shows, they have other important functions. One of the most important of these is that lullabies may provide much-needed language stimulation with important long-term consequences for future learning. This paper begins the work of addressing the dearth of scholarly research on lullabies, especially in the Yoruba (Nigeria: Niger-Congo) culture. It looks at the range of themes, dictions, and prosody that are intertwined to reveal Yoruba beliefs and world-views about children, starting with their time in the womb. The study uses a descriptive survey method to analyse data collected through participant observation. It shows that Yoruba lullabies not only offer insights into Yoruba cultural beliefs but also depend greatly on figurative expression and prosodic systems. These rich literary qualities identify lullabies as the earliest sub-genre of children's poetry.

Financial Folly and Spain’s Black Legend

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Great Flexibility ◽  
Loan Contracts ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
Black Legend ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
The Relationship

This epilogue argues that Castile was solvent throughout Philip II's reign. A complex web of contractual obligations designed to ensure repayment governed the relationship between the king and his bankers. The same contracts allowed great flexibility for both the Crown and bankers when liquidity was tight. The risk of potential defaults was not a surprise; their likelihood was priced into the loan contracts. As a consequence, virtually every banking family turned a profit over the long term, while the king benefited from their services to run the largest empire that had yet existed. The epilogue then looks at the economic history version of Spain's Black Legend. The economic history version of the Black Legend emerged from a combination of two narratives: a rich historical tradition analyzing the decline of Spain as an economic and military power from the seventeenth century onward, combined with new institutional analysis highlighting the unconstrained power of the monarch.

The Relationship Among Job Satisfaction, Oreganizational Commitiment and Employees’ Turnover at Unilever Corporation in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Chiemeke Kingsley Chiedu ◽  
Choi Sang Long ◽  
Hapriza BT Ashar
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Employee Turnover ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Employee Turnover Intentions ◽  
The Relationship

Employee turnover has become a key performance indicator for many organizations as they struggle to retain talented employees. The negative impact of turnover on organizational performance has continually forced organizational leaders to seek better ways of retaining valuable employees. The relationship between man and work has always attracted the attention of philosophers. A major part of men’s life is spent at work. Work is social reality and social expectation to which men seem to conform. It not only provides status to the individual but also binds him to the society. An employee who is satisfied with his job would perform his duties well and be committed to his job, and subsequently to his organization. This paper examines relationship among job satisfaction, organizational commitment and employees’ turnover intentions at Unilever Corporation in Nigeria. The data for this study was collected from 117 employees currently working at Unilever Nigeria PLC using the survey method via the questionnaire. Pearson Correlation and the multiple regression analysis techniques using the SPSS version 22.0 was used for the data analysis. The findings of the study revealed that both job satisfaction and organizational commitment have significant negative relationship with employee turnover intentions. In addition, organizational commitment was revealed to have a more dorminant influence on employee turnover intentions than job satisfaction. Based on these findings, the implications, recommendations, practice, and theory were discussed.

Hubungan Iklim Komunikasi Organisasi dengan Kepuasan Kerja untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Aparatur Pemerintahan Desa

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Bella Oktavianita ◽  
Sarwititi Sarwoprasodjo
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Communication ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Communication Climate ◽  
Real Relationship ◽  
Village Government ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

Iklim komunikasi organisasi merupakan persepsi pegawai mengenai peristiwa yang terjadi di lingkungannya. Kantor Desa Cibalung, Kecamatan Cijeruk, Kabupaten Bogor merupakan salah satu kantor desa yang memiliki berbagai prestasi. Prestasi yang sudah diraih tentu saja tidak lepas dari peran kinerja aparatur pemerintahan desa dan masyarakat yang terlibat dalam menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang produktif dan kepuasaan kerja yang dirasakan. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan iklim komunikasi organisasi dengan kepuasan kerja dan hubungan kepuasan kerja dengan kinerja aparatur pemerintahan desa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui metode survei dengan kuesioner yang didukung oleh data kualitatif melalui teknik wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur dengan responden sebanyak 36 orang. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan nyata antara iklim komunikasi organisasi dengan kepuasan kerja dan hubungan sangat nyata antara kepuasan kerja dengan kinerja aparatur pemerintahan desa.Kata Kunci: iklim komunikasi, kepuasan kerja, kinerja, komunikasi organisasi=====ABSTRACTOrganizational communication climate was the employee's perception of events that occurred in their environment. The Cibalung Village Office, Cijeruk Subdistrict, Bogor District was one of the village offices that had various achievements. The achievements that have been achieved certainly could not be separated from the role of the performance of the village government apparatus and the community involved in creating a productive work environment and perceived job satisfaction. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship of organizational communication climate with job satisfaction and the relationship of job satisfaction with the performance of village government officials. This study used a quantitative approach through a survey method with a questionnaire supported by qualitative data through in-depth interview techniques and literature studies with 36 respondents. The results obtained indicated that there was a real relationship between organizational communication with job satisfaction and the very obvious relationship between job satisfaction by the performance of the village government apparatus.Keywords: communication climate, job satisfaction, performance, organizational communication

QUALITY OF LIFE PROBLEMS OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER PATIENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
Olga Churuksaeva ◽  
Larisa Kolomiets
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Anticancer Treatment ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Relationship

Due to improvements in short- and long-term clinical outcomes a study of quality of life is one of the most promising trends in oncology today. This review analyzes the published literature on problems dealing with quality of life of patients with gynecological cancer. Data on quality of life with respect to the extent of anticancer treatment as well as psychological and social aspects are presented. The relationship between quality of life and survival has been estimated.

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