Sandalwood (Santalum spicatum) establishment in the semi-arid and arid regions of Western Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Santalum Spicatum ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Harvesting of sandalwood (Santalum spicatum) occurs mainly from wild stands in the semi-arid and arid regions (typical annual rainfall 150–300 mm) of Western Australia. Regeneration of wild sandalwood in these regions is believed to be low since the occurrence of changes in land use associated with European settlement. This is thought to be due to factors including drought, poor seed dispersal and grazing. The objective of the study was to increase the germination and establishment of sandalwood through exploring seed response to rainfall. Additionally, the potential of soil-preparation techniques to utilise trace amounts of moisture was investigated. Two 25-ha plots were located either side of the semi-arid–arid divide. Into the plots 16 replicates of the control and 96 replicates of treatments were installed and sown with 11 200 seeds. Rainfall and other weather parameters were recorded at each site with an automated weather station. The study was replicated in 2008 and 2009. It was concluded from the study that there was a statistically significant relationship between germination and rainfall. It is proposed that the germination threshold is 264 mm per year which coincides with the long-term annual rainfall average of Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship between germination and soil preparation was demonstrated. Ripping crust-forming soils before sowing and the construction of water-harvest banks had a positive effect. Information gained from these studies has led to the Western Australian State Government implementing a seeding program to increase sandalwood regeneration in the semi-arid region.

Effects of Genotype and Rainfall on Forage Oats in a Semi-arid Region

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hadjichristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Varietal Response ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYThere were significant differences in dry matter yield among five forage oat varieties tested at ten environments during 1970–75. The correlation coefficients between annual rainfall and DM yield varied with variety from 0·69 to 0·88, late varieties tending to give higher yields. Lateness, and high varietal response to annual rainfall and improved environmental conditions, can be used as selection criteria in semi-arid regions. Late varieties had higher DM and lower crude protein contents, and forage produced under lower rainfall conditions tended to have more DM and crude protein.

scholarly journals VARIEDADES DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR SUBMETIDAS A DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE REPOSIÇÃO HÍDRICA POR GOTEJAMENTO SUBSUPERFICIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-363
Author(s):  
Anderson Ramos de Oliveira ◽  
Marcos Brandão Braga
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Sugarcane Juice ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Raw Sugar ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

VARIEDADES DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR SUBMETIDAS A DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE REPOSIÇÃO HÍDRICA POR GOTEJAMENTO SUBSUPERFICIAL   ANDERSON RAMOS DE OLIVEIRA1, MARCOS BRANDÃO BRAGA2   1 Embrapa Semiárido, Rodovia BR-428, Km 152, Zona Rural, 56302-970, Petrolina, PE, Brasil, [email protected] 2 Embrapa Hortaliças, Rodovia BR-060, Km 09, Fazenda Tamanduá, 70275-970, Brasília, DF, Brasil, [email protected]   RESUMO: A região semiárida brasileira apresenta grande potencial de produção de cana-de-açúcar. Contudo, verifica-se que existem oscilações na produção devido à baixa e irregular disponibilidade hídrica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o comportamento de variedades de cana-de-açúcar irrigadas por gotejamento subsuperficial submetidas a diferentes lâminas de irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido no Campo Experimental de Bebedouro, na Embrapa Semiárido, em Petrolina, PE. Foram realizadas análises de produtividade e de qualidade tecnológica do caldo. As variedades com maior tolerância ao déficit hídrico foram RB92579 e RB961003, pois alcançam máxima produtividade utilizando-se menor lâmina de reposição hídrica, em torno de 80% da ETc. A qualidade tecnológica do caldo apontou diferenças no °Brix e na porcentagem bruta de açúcares das variedades que reduziram em função do aumento da reposição hídrica. Contudo, estas diferenças não foram limitantes à qualidade tecnológica. Sendo assim, o cultivo das variedades RB92579 e RB961003 sob menor lâmina de reposição hídrica pode ser recomendado, pois as mesmas atingem alta produtividade e mantém a qualidade tecnológica do caldo.   Palavras-chave: biomassa, irrigação, estresse hídrico, regiões semiáridas.   SUGARCANE VARIETIES SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT WATER REPLENISHMENT DEPTHS BY SUBSURFACE DRIP   ABSTRACT: Brazilian semi-arid region presents great potential for sugarcane production. However, due mainly to low and irregular water availability, there are fluctuations in production. This study proposed to evaluate the performance of sugarcane varieties irrigated by subsurface drip, submitted to different water replenishment depths. The experiment was carried out at Campo Experimental de Bebedouro, belonging to Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE, Brazil. Productivity and technological quality of sugarcane juice analysis were performed. The varieties with higher tolerance to water deficit were RB92579 and RB961003, which reached maximum productivity using lower water replenishment depths of ETc, around 80%. Technological quality of sugarcane juice showed differences in °Brix and raw sugar percentage of varieties that reduced due to water replacement depths increasing. However, these differences were not limiting to the technological quality of sugarcane juice. In summary, the cultivation of RB961003 and RB92579 cultivars under lower water replenishment depth can be recommended, because they maintain the technological quality of sugarcane juice.   Keywords: biomass, irrigation, water stress, semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Water restriction in cowpea plants [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]: Metabolic changes and tolerance induction

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Alberto S. de Melo ◽  
Yuri L. Melo ◽  
Claudivan F. de Lacerda ◽  
Pedro R. A. Viégas ◽  
Rener L. de S. Ferraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Rainfed Farming ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT Global climate change tends to intensify water unavailability, especially in semi-arid regions, directly impacting agricultural production. Cowpea is one of the crops with great socio-economic importance in the Brazilian semi-arid region, cultivated mainly under rainfed farming and considered moderately tolerant to water restriction. This species has physiological and biochemical mechanisms of adaptation to these stress factors, but there is still no clear vision of how these responses can not only allow survival, but also ensure yield advances in the field. Besides acclimation mechanisms, the exogenous application of abiotic (salicylic acid, silicon, proline, methionine, and potassium nitrate) and biotic (rhizobacteria) elicitors is promising in mitigating the effects of water restriction. The present literature review discusses the acclimation mechanisms of cowpea and some cultivation techniques, especially the application of elicitors, which can contribute to maintaining crop yield under different water scenarios. The application of elicitors is an alternative way to increase the sustainability of production in rainfed farming in semi-arid regions. However, the use of eliciting substances in cowpea still needs to be carefully explored, given the difficulties caused by genotypic and edaphoclimatic variability under field conditions.

The Distribution of Caesium-137 in Rangeland Soils at Three Sites in Western Australia.

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Loughman ◽  
DJ Mcfarlane ◽  
BL Campbell ◽  
R Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
North East

Soil sampling for the fallout isotope caesium-137 (137Cs) was canied out on three pastoral properties in Western Australia to assess its suitability for estimating soil erosion status. The sites were situated east and north-east of Geraldton in a region receiving an annual rainfall of approximately 200 rnm. It was hypothesised that 137Cs levels would be lower outside Department of Agriculture exclosures, established in the early 1950s, because of higher rates of soil erosion due to pastoral activities. The exclosures are areas of fenced-off rangeland which have the purpose of excludin'g in11 herbivores. It was further hypothesised that 137Cs levels would be related to microtopography in this rangeland-plains landscape. Soil erosion and deposition have given rise to scalds and soil mounds under shrubs, respectively, and amounts of 137Cs at these sites could reflect these processes. The Mann-Whitney U test showed that there were no significant differences in 137Cs levels between samples collected inside and outside the exclosures. At one property there was a significant relationship between 137Cs and microtopography (U test: sig. 0.025 level), suggesting that soil erosion was more severe on open and scald sites than under shrubs. No detectable 137Cs was found at 23% of all sites, but there was evidence that localized deposition of sediments had occurred. Because the total number of samples used in this survey was small, further work will be required to confirm the utility of the 13'Cs technique for measuring erosion status in arid Australia.

scholarly journals Production System Diversification and Livelihood in the Drylands of North Central Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2750
Author(s):  
Benjamín Figueroa-Sandoval ◽  
Martín A. Coronado-Minjarez ◽  
Eduviges J. García-Herrera ◽  
Artemio Ramírez-López ◽  
Dora M. Sangerman-Jarquín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
North Central ◽  
Livelihood Security ◽  
The World ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Drylands (arid and semi-arid regions) are important regions in the world; they have been disregarded and considered poor undeveloped regions due to their ecological limitations. Farmers in these regions tend towards diversification of production systems in order to achieve livelihood security, and this phenomenon has not been extensively studied. The objective of this study was to create a typology of the production systems present in the Mexican north central drylands, using variables related to production, socioeconomics, and social capital. 1044 interviews were conducted in the semi-arid region of north central Mexico. Analysis of the data allowed for the observation of nine types of production systems distributed in three groups: Subsistence, commercial, and off-farm income systems. The differences observed within these systems are due to generational gaps, gender differences, market orientation, and social capital. It can be concluded that the diversification of the dryland production systems allows for an understanding of why generic public policies have failed to mitigate poverty in these regions. The implications of the study refer to the reconfiguration of Mexican policies for the development of the drylands.

Irrigation in semi-arid regions

1967 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Hoare
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Semi Arid

A land area can be considered semi-arid if it has an annual rainfall of less than 15 inches and if the evaporation from a water surface exceeds 45 inches. Such areas, under irrigation, can be highly productive agriculturally and can also provide congenial living conditions. The extension of irrigation to new territories could contribute greatly to feeding and clothing the world's population.

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