Factors affecting livestock water productivity: animal scale analysis using previous cattle feeding trials in Ethiopia

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gebreselassie ◽  
D. Peden ◽  
A. Haileslassie ◽  
D. Mpairwe
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Weight Groups ◽  
Technological Options ◽  
Traction Power

Availability and access to fresh water will likely constrain future food production in many countries. Thus, it is frequently suggested that the limited amount of water should be used more productively. In this study we report the results of our investigation on effects of feed, age and weight on livestock water productivity (LWP). The main objective is to identify technologies that will help enhance LWP. We combined empirical knowledge and literature values to estimate the amount of water depleted to produce beef, milk, traction power and manure. We estimated the LWP as the ratio of livestock products and services to the depleted water. In the feeding trials, various combinations of maize and oat stover, vetch, lablab and wheat bran were combined in different proportions to make 16 unique rations that were fed to the experimental animals of different age and weight groups. We observed differences of LWP across feed type, age and weight of dairy cows. The value of LWP tended to increase with increasing age and weight: the lowest LWP (0.34 US$/m3) for cows less than five years whereas the highest LWP value was 0.41 US$/m3 for those cows in the age category of 8 years and above. Similarly, there was an increase in LWP as weight of the animal increased, i.e. LWP was lowest (0.32 US$/m3) for lower weight groups (300–350 kg) and increased for larger animals. There were apparent impacts of feed composition on LWP values. For example, the highest LWP value was observed for oat, vetch and wheat bran mixes. Taking livestock services and products into account, the overall livestock water productivity ranged from 0.25 to 0.39 US$/m3 and the value obtained from a cow appeared to be higher than for an ox. In conclusion, some strategies and technological options such as improved feeds, better herd management, appropriate heard structure can be adapted to enhance LWP.

scholarly journals The Identification of Factors Affecting the Use of Pressurized Irrigation Systems by Farmers in Iran

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Momvandi ◽  
Maryam Omidi Najafabadi ◽  
Jamal Hosseini ◽  
Farhad Lashgarara
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pressurized Irrigation

Climate change and water scarcity are the most important challenges of the agricultural sector, and pressurized irrigation systems (PISs) are one of the most significant ways to improve agricultural water productivity. The main purpose of this research was to identify the factors affecting the use of PISs by farmers. The statistical research population was a total of 2396 Iranian model farmers. The Cochran formula was used to determine the number of statistical samples. Accordingly, this comprised 331 people. The methodology of the study was mixed method research. The structural equation modeling technique, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the personal characteristics, tendency, attitude, self-efficacy, subjective norms, governmental support, environmental tensions, and technological features were the most important factors which influenced the farmers. It was found that all of these variables had a positive and significant relationship with the using of PISs by farmers, and they were able to predict 52% of the behavioral changes (R2) of the farmers. Among these variables, the attitude, with a path coefficient (β) of 0.48, had the highest impact on the using of PISs by the farmers.

FACTORS AFFECTING RYE (SECALE CEREALE L.) UTILIZATION IN GROWING CHICKS. III. THE INFLUENCE OF MILLING FRACTIONS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. MISIR ◽  
R. R. MARQUARDT
Keyword(s):  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

Three experiments were conducted with growing chicks to study the influence of feeding diets containing different milling fractions of wheat and rye or combinations of these fractions. The diets were formulated to provide protein in excess of or below the minimum requirements of the chicks. The results of the feeding trials indicate that rye contained at least two detrimental factors: an appetite-depressing factor located primarily in the bran, and a growth-depressing factor present in all the fractions (bran, flour and middlings). This latter factor was also associated with the reduction in the efficiency of feed utilization, an increase in the excreta wetness and excreta volatile fatty acid concentration and consequent lowering of the excreta pH. The depression in the weight gain and the efficiency of feed utilization appeared to be accentuated by feeding low protein diets and was partially overcome by penicillin supplementation of the diets. Feeding a combination of two or more milling fractions of rye greatly magnified the detrimental effects as evidenced by marked depressions in weight gains and feed conversion efficiencies. Alkylresorcinols in rye did not appear to be detrimental to chick performance.

INGREDIENT AND PROCESSING INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN SWINE FEEDS: II. EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTICS, PROTEIN SOURCE AND PELLETING ON THE RESPONSES TO THE INCLUSION OF WHEAT BRAN

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
A. D. L. Gorrill ◽  
J. M. Bell ◽  
C. M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Isocaloric Diets ◽  
Site Of Absorption ◽  
Free Animal

This is the second in a series of reports on the growth, feed intake and digestibility responses of growing swine (50 to 110 pounds) involved in a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial test of the effects of wheat bran, pelleting, antibiotics and type of protein in the ration. Discussion in this paper was restricted to those factors affecting the responses to the inclusion of wheat bran.With approximately isocaloric diets the inclusion of 10 per cent bran resulted in a general increase of 6 per cent in feed intake (P = <.01) and 8 per cent in digestibility of protein. The greatest effects were obtained with antibiotic-free, animal protein-free, meal-type rations in which the inclusion of bran resulted in 18 per cent more feed and 28 per cent more digestible energy being consumed.The effect of bran on energy digestibility was small relative to its effect on protein. It is postulated that differences in the rates and site of absorption of starch and protein components may be related to the efficacy of bran in the digestive tract.The similarity observed between the effects of bran and antibiotics is discussed in relation to possible deficiencies of B-vitamins and amino acids.

Evaluation of ultrasound measurements of fat thickness and longissimus muscle area in feedlot cattle: Assessment of accuracy and repeatability

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hassen ◽  
D. E. Wilson ◽  
R. L. Willham ◽  
G. H. Rouse ◽  
A. H. Trenkle
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

Data from two cattle feeding trials were used to estimate accuracy and repeatability of ultrasound measurements of 12–13th rib fat thickness and longissimus muscle area. In each trial, images from the last scan prior to slaughter were interpreted by two certified technicians. Each technician interpreted the image of each steer twice on two different days. Overall technician biases for ultrasound measurements of fat thickness and longissimus muscle area were −0.17 cm and 0.63 cm2, respectively. Mean bias in measurement of fat thickness by the two technicians was similar in amount and direction (−0.14 cm vs. −0.20 cm); however, bias in the measurement of longissimus muscle area by the two technicians took an opposite direction (−1.28 cm2 vs. 2.54 cm2). Repeatability of ultrasound-measured fat thickness was the same for both technicians (0.96 to 0.97). However, measurements of technician A showed a better repeatability (0.92) than technician B (0.79) for ultrasound-measured longissimus muscle area. Generally, except for minor differences, degree of experience did not show a consistent difference in the accuracy of ultrasound estimation of fat thickness and longissimus muscle area. Hence, it was concluded that technicians could easily be trained to make accurate predictions of fat thickness and longissimus muscle area. Key words: Beef cattle, carcass, ultrasound, repeatability, accuracy

scholarly journals A Forecast Model of Agricultural and Livestock Products Price

2010 ◽  
Vol 20-23 ◽  
pp. 1109-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Sheng Zhang ◽  
Hong Fu Chen ◽  
Ming Sheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Future Price ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Price Fluctuation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Government ◽  
Livestock Products

The frequent and excessive fluctuation of agricultural and livestock products price is not only harmful to residents’ living, but also affects CPI (Consumer Price Index) values, and even leads to social crisis, which influences social stability. Therefore it is important to forecast the price of agriculture and livestock products. As a result, we made a research on the factors affecting agricultural and livestock products price, established a forecasted model of agricultural and livestock products price, and developed its early-warning system which is suitable to China. Considering the direct relationship between the price and the output, multiple linear regression method was adopted to study this problem. The model is composed of three sub-models. This paper puts forward the concept of price equilibrium coefficient C0, which describes the degree to which people accepting the forecasted price. With the establishment of the standard for the influence of price fluctuation, the influence of price fluctuation is measured. Each range of the C0 value corresponds with a specific result, which may informs the government with the danger of price fluctuation. As a result, the model can early-warn the price rising caused by crop reduction due to sudden natural disaster, which may induce social turmoil and crisis. If the forecasted price rises heavily, the government should take measures to avoid crisis. This paper offers the method to control future price. Finally, a forecasted model of pork price is calculated with simulated data. The forecasted result is in good agreement with actual situation.

scholarly journals “Feeling like a Scientist”: Factors Affecting Students’ Selections of Technology Tools in the Science Classroom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Cairns ◽  
Martina Dickson ◽  
Melissa McMinn
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Technology Acceptance Model ◽  
Science Classroom ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intent To Use ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Acceptance Model ◽  
Technological Options

AbstractThis research looked at the choices that children make in the classroom when offered manual and technological options to measure scientific variables. Over 170 school children were involved in science lessons designed in collaboration with school teachers and the research team as part of the planned curriculum. We found that approximately 25% of the students chose the manual measuring options, compared with 75% who chose the technological options. During the focus group interviews (n = 62) carried out immediately after the class, we found that some children who had selected the technological option had done so due to perceptions of the tool’s novelty and “accuracy.” Some later regretted their choice, reasoning that “real” scientists did not use technology, that it would have been more challenging to measure manually, and therefore that they would have “felt more like scientists” had they selected the manual option. Perceptions of ease of use sometimes lowered children’s intent to use the technology option. Similarly, students who chose the manual option alluded to the inauthenticity of the technology option: this is not “what scientists do.” Consequently, students who had selected the manual option were also more likely to describe feeling “like a scientist” when carrying out the measurements. The possible implications of the findings, in terms of a possible inversion of the technology acceptance model for students in the science classroom, are explored.

scholarly journals The Dietary Risk Factors of Gastric Ulcers in Finishing Pigs from 16 Polish Farms

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Piotr Cybulski ◽  
Magdalena Larska ◽  
Aleksandra Woźniak ◽  
Artur Jabłoński ◽  
Tomasz Stadejek
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Liquid Feeding ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Welfare Problem ◽  
Pelleted Feed ◽  
Acute Form

Sudden death caused by the acute form of gastric ulceration has developed into a widely recognised health and welfare problem. The importance of different triggering factors is poorly understood. The study was carried out on finishers slaughtered in Poland. The collected animal-level data were transformed to a herd-level dataset, which included 27 predictor variables. From a total of 32,264 pig stomachs examined, 23,188 (71.9%) had gastric lesions. Total of 17,703 organs (54.9%) had ulcers. Scores 1 (hyperkeratotic) and 2 (erosions) were observed in 2958 (9.2%) and 2527 (7.8%), respectively. A significant (p < 0.05) association of the ulcer prevalence was found for a number of variables. Raising the level of protein significantly (p = 0.04) increased (ρ = 0.22) the occurrence of gastric ulcers. The addition of wheat bran (p = 0.02) and its growing share in feed composition had the contrary effect (ρ = −0.27). Feeding pelleted feed was significantly associated (p = 0.001) with the higher prevalence of the disease, opposite to liquid feeding (p = 0.0002) and supplementation of a mycotoxin deactivator (p = 0.0008). Although, the immediate transition from one feeding system to another in most of the farms is impossible, the addition of materials such as wheat bran, and routine supplementation with mycotoxin deactivators may be a practical and relatively low-cost solution.

scholarly journals Assessment of Livestock Water Productivity in Seno and Yatenga Provinces of Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tunde Adegoke Amole ◽  
Adetayo Adekeye ◽  
Augustine Abioye Ayantunde
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Water Depletion ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Livestock Products

The expected increase in livestock production to meet its increasing demand could lead to increased water depletion through feeds production. This study aimed at estimating the amount of water depletion through feeds and its corresponding productivity in livestock within the three dominant livestock management systems namely sedentary-intensive, sedentary-extensive, and transhumance in Yatenga and Seno provinces in the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso. Using a participatory rapid appraisal and individual interview, beneficial animal products, and services were estimated, and consequently, livestock water productivity (LWP) as the ratio of livestock products and services to the amount of water depleted. Our results showed feed resources are mainly natural pasture and crop residues are common in all the management systems though the proportion of each feed type in the feed basket and seasonal preferences varied. Consequently, water depleted for feed production was similar across the systems in both provinces and ranged from 2,500 to 3,200 m−3 ha−1 yr−1. Values for milk (40 US$US$/household) and flock offtake (313 US$/household) derived from the transhumant system were higher (P &lt; 0.05) than those from other systems in the Seno province. With higher returns from the beneficial outputs, LWP was higher (0.11 US$ m−3) in the transhumant system than other systems in Yatenga, but similar with sedentary-intensive in Seno Province Multiple regression analysis results showed that LWP had a significant positive relationship with flock offtake in Yatenga but milk and flock offtake in Seno. The study concluded that sedentary-intensive and transhumant system with more market-oriented beneficial outputs and much dependence on less-water-depleted feed resources will improve livestock water productivity in dry areas. Besides, interventions to improve livestock water productivity through beneficial outputs must recognize the unique socio-cultural context of the livestock farmers.

scholarly journals ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-АНАЛІТИЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ УПРАВЛІННЯ ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЮ БЕЗПЕКОЮ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ НА ОСНОВІ СТРАТЕГІЇ CYBER SITUATION AWARENESS

2020 ◽  
pp. 238-247
Author(s):  
Valentyn Nekhai ◽  
Valentyn Nekhai
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Operational Management ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Concept Of Information

The article considers the development of a model of information and analytical support for the operational management of agricultural enterprises. The main factors that impede the automation of the operational management of agricultural enterprises are identified: many specific management objects – types of crop and livestock products, an infinite number of possible situations that are characterized by unpredictability and non-determinism. It is noted that the essence of the concept of information support for the management of agricultural enterprises should be formed in accordance with the applied methods and methods of aggregating information, methods for constructing indicators and their analytical interpretation of the location in the management system, taking into account the priority and the totality of factors affecting the success of the implementation of the management decision. The new operational management paradigm can be represented as situational awareness of the internal state and the environment and an adequate response to the level of identified threat. Obviously, the use of the Cyber Situation Awareness concept is possible in the operational management of agricultural enterprises and ensuring the quality of information on the basis of which management decisions are made.

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