86 Ultrasonographic evaluation of preovulatory follicle and endometrial echo texture for ovulation prediction in Marwari mares

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
D. Yadav ◽  
D. Jhamb ◽  
S. S. Nirwan ◽  
M. Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Pixel Intensity ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
The Mean

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the application of ultrasonographic changes in the preovulatory follicle and uterus for ovulation prediction in Marwari mares. Mares (n=20) were teased daily by a teaser pony and, from the day of first detected oestrus, the ovaries and uterus were examined by transrectal ultrasonography using Exago ECM ultrasound equipped with linear rectal probe (10MHz) until ovulation. Recorded data were analysed by one-way ANOVA and correlation coefficients. The duration of the oestrus period ranged from 5 to 7 days in all mares, with an average of 6.35±0.13 days, consistent with rectal findings. The last day of oestrus was marked by disappearance of the preovulatory follicle and presence of a corpus haemorrhagicum. The mean diameter of the follicles increased significantly (P<0.01) from Day 1 to Day 7, and the diameter of follicles before ovulation was 44.88±0.46 mm; follicles changed from round to oval or irregular before ovulation. In 65% (13/20) of the mares, ovulation occurred on the left ovary. The daily mean growth rate of size of ovulating follicles from the first day of oestrus until ovulation was 3.51±0.42 mm/d. The mean average growth rate of follicles was significantly different (P ≤ 0.01) on different days of oestrus. The mean endometrial echo texture score was 1.30±0.10 on Day 1, 2.10±0.16 on Day 2, 3.20±0.15 on Day 3, and highest 3.85±0.08 on Day 4, declining thereafter to reach a score of 1.36±0.11 on Day 7 of the oestrous cycle. The mean slope values of pixel intensity for the granulosa and anechoic layers of the preovulatory follicles determined by Image-Pro software (Media Cybernetics) from Days −3 to −1 was 13.8±0.7 on Day −3, 15.7±0.9 on Day −2, and 20.1±1.3 on Day −1. None of the follicles ovulated before granulosa layer echogenicity reached a score of ≥2.5 and prominence of anechoic layer reached a score of ≥2. Significant positive correlations were found between the cross-sectional diameter of the uterine horn and estrual endometrial echotexture score (P<0.01; r=0.95), estrual endometrial echo texture score and preovulatory follicle diameter (P<0.01; r=0.25), and preovulatory follicle diameter and cross-sectional diameter of uterine horn (P<0.01; r=0.36) during the oestrous cycle. We conclude that various ultrasonographic characteristics of preovulatory follicle and uterus can be used to predict ovulation in Marwari mares.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Comparison of Multispectral Refraction Topography and Autorefractometer in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunru Liao ◽  
Zhenlan Yang ◽  
Zijing Li ◽  
Rui Zeng ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: Purpose of this study is to evaluate the measuring consistency of central refraction between multispectral refraction topography (MRT) and autorefractometry.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study including subjects in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from September 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, ages 20 to 35 years with a best corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better. All patients underwent cycloplegia, and the refractive status was estimated with autorefractometer, experienced optometrist and MRT. We analyzed the central refraction of the autorefractometer and MRT. The repeatability and reproducibility of values measured using both devices were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).Results: A total of 145 subjects ages 20 to 35 (290 eyes) were enrolled. The mean central refraction of the autorefractometer was −4.69 ± 2.64 diopters (D) (range −9.50 to +4.75 D), while the mean central refraction of MRT was −4.49 ± 2.61 diopters (D) (range −8.79 to +5.02 D). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a high correlation between the two devices. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) also showed high agreement. The intrarater and interrater ICC values of central refraction were more than 0.90 in both devices and conditions. At the same time, the mean central refraction of experienced optometrist was −4.74 ± 2.66 diopters (D) (range −9.50 to +4.75D). The intra-class correlation coefficient of central refraction measured by MRT and subjective refraction was 0.939.Conclusions: Results revealed that autorefractometry, experienced optometrist and MRT show high agreement in measuring central refraction. MRT could provide a potential objective method to assess peripheral refraction.

The effect of the laparoscopic insemination technique on the oestrous cycle of the ewe

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
T. L. Taljaard ◽  
S. J. Terblanche ◽  
H. J. Bertschinger ◽  
L. J. Van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Length ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin ◽  
Teaser Rams

This investigation was designed to determine whether or not the technique of intrauterine insemination affects the length of the subsequent oestrous cycle. Dorper ewes (n=31) were divided into treatment and control groups. All the ewes were synchronised using 40 mg fluorogestone acetate intravaginal sponges for 14 d and 300 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin on the day of sponge removal. A standard semen diluent was deposited laparoscopically in each uterine horn of ewes in the treatment, group. Teaser rams were used to detect oestrus. Progesterone profiles were used to confirm oestrus. The mean oestrous cycle length of 17,83 ± 0,69 d for the group in which the diluent was deposited by laparoscopy did not differ significantly (P0,l) from the 18,36±2,11 d of the control group. The technique of laparoscopic insemination did not influence the length of subsequent oestrous cycles.

129 Ovarian dynamics and gonadotropins during selection of the dominant follicle in postpartum lactating versus non-postpartum cycling mares

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
M. Pastorello ◽  
M. O. Gastal ◽  
G. K. Piquini ◽  
D. B. Godoi ◽  
E. L. Gastal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Sequential Data ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Follicle Selection ◽  
Ovarian Dynamics ◽  
Selection Of

The mare, compared to other livestock, has the shortest interval from partum to the first ovulation. In monovulatory species, the follicle deviation process in a wave is characterised by the continued growth of the dominant follicle (DF) and regression of the subordinate follicle. Although follicle diameter deviation, a key event of follicle selection, has been investigated during the oestrous and menstrual cycles, the occurrence of this phenomenon before the first postpartum ovulation seems to be unclear in all species. This study aimed to compare the follicular dynamics and gonadotropin profiles around the follicle diameter deviation day in postpartum lactating (PP Lactating; n=24) versus non-postpartum cycling (NPP Cycling; n=15) mares. On the day of parturition, every PP Lactating mare was paired with an NPP Cycling mare, and ovarian follicles (>4mm) were tracked daily by transrectal ultrasonography, and blood samples were collected. Data were analysed in the PP Lactating group according to the length of the partum-ovulation interval (POI; ≤22 and >22 days) and the postpartum interovulatory interval (PPIOI), and in the NPP Cycling group during two interovulatory intervals (1st and 2nd IOI). In addition, regardless of group, all four intervals were compared. We performed the FSH and LH assays using radioimmunoassay. Ovarian and hormonal parameters were analysed using ANOVA for sequential data. The day and diameter of the DF at the deviation (overall mean: 14.9±2.5 days; 21.7±0.4mm, respectively) were not different (P>0.05) between PP Lactating and NPP Cycling mares. However, when considering the length of POI, follicle deviation occurred 4.4±0.8 days earlier (P<0.001) in mares with POI ≤ 22 days than in mares with POI>22 days. No difference was found between PP Lactating and NPP Cycling mares within and between groups for the intervals from deviation to maximum diameter of the DF (10.4±0.4 days), for the intervals from deviation to ovulation (12.1±0.5 days), or for the growth rates of the DF from deviation to maximum diameter (2.6±0.1mm per day). The growth rate of the DF from deviation to ovulation (2.4±0.1mm per day) did not differ between PP Lactating and NNP Cycling mares; however, this growth rate was lower (P<0.03) in the POI, PPIOI, and 1st IOI compared with the 2nd IOI. The mean diameter of the DF around deviation (days −3 to 3; 22.5±0.3mm), and systemic FSH (days −4 to 4; 10.3±0.2ngmL−1) were not different between PP Lactating and NPP Cycling mares. Level of LH was lower (P<0.0001) around deviation (days −4 to 4) in the PP Lactating (0.7±0.0ngmL−1) versus the NPP Cycling mares (1.8±0.1ngmL−1). Results demonstrated that a partum effect occurs only on the day of deviation in mares during the foal heat (POI ≤ 22 days) and that low levels of LH during both intervals in PP Lactating mares were not detrimental to prevent ovulation.

scholarly journals BUDIDAYA BEBERAPA VARIETAS IKAN SEPAT RAWA (Trichogaster trichopterus Pall) DENGAN PEMBERIAN PAKAN KOMERSIAL (SOME VARIETY AQUACULTURE THREE SPOT GORAMY (TRICHOGASTER TRICHOPTERUS PALL) WITH THE PROVISION OF COMMERCIAL FEED)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhmad Murjani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tidal Marshes ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Mean Relative Growth Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cultivation Environment

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kecepatan pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup tiga jenis ikan gurami (Trichogaster trichopterus, Pall) di rawa monoton, rawa pasang surut, dan rawa tadah hujan yang dipelihara di hapa Galam.Tiga jenis ikan gurami (Trichogaster trichopterus, Pall) mampu hidup dan beradaptasi di lingkungan budidaya, dan dapat diberi makan dengan pakan buatan seperti ikan budaya. Variasi jenis ikan tidak  signifikan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan rawa dan kelangsungan hidup ikan yang dipelihara di lingkungan budidaya rawa. Tingkat pertumbuhan berat rata-rata relatif terbaik adalah perlakuan C (ikan  gurami rawa tadah hujan) sebesar 29.36%. Tingkat pertumbuhan pangjang rata-rata relatif terbaik adalah perlakuan B (Ikan gurami padang rumput rawa) sebesar 9,35%. Konversi pakan terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan C (ikan gurami dari tadah hujan) sebesar 6.80. Tingkat keangsungan hidup terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan B, C, D yaitu sebesar 75.56%.The purpose of this study was to determine the speed of growth and survival of several varieties of three spot goramy (Trichogaster trichopterus Pall) from the monotonous marshes, tidal marshes, bogs and swamps rainfed fields that are kept in hapa Galam.Three spot goramy (Trichogaster trichopterus Pall) are able to live and adapt in the cultivation environment, and can be fed with artificial feed like most culture fish. Variations in the type of fishes did not significantly affect marsh growth and survival of fish that are kept in swamp ride cultivation environment. The mean relative growth rate of weight it is best to treatment C (fish from the marsh three spot goramy rainfed) of 29.36%. Average growth rate is relatively long it is best to treatment B (three spot goramy of marsh meadow Galam) for 9.35 %. Conversion is best to feed on the C treatment (fish from the marsh three spot goramy rainfed) of 6.80. the best survival was in treatment B, C, D of 75.56%.

The choice of chromogen and reliability of contact rhinoscopy in the irradiated nasopharynx

2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin W Pak ◽  
Samuel Chow ◽  
C A van Hasselt
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vital Stain ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Observer Reliability ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
The Mean

AbstractA cross-sectional randomised single blind study was conducted to assess how concentrations of chromogen (vital stain) and the characteristics of the assessors affect the assessment of contact rhinoscopy. Twenty-eight patients who had undergone external radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma were assessed by contact rhinoscopy using 0.5 per cent and 1 per cent methylene blue stain on opposite sides of the nasopharynx. Three independent observers assessed the visual clarity of the 45 contact endoscopic images showing squamous metaplasia according to a visual analogue scale. The intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.916 to 0.957 and 0.839 to 0.964 for intra-observer reliability of assessors in the groups of 0.5 per cent and 1 per cent stains, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients for inter-observer reliability of assessors were 0.884 and 0.885 in the groups of 0.5 per cent and 1 per cent stains, respectively. The mean scores of clarity of the cellular details were statistically higher in the group of 1 per cent stain among all assessors. These results showed that the assessment of squamous metaplasia by contact endoscopy is highly reliable irrespective of the clinical experience and knowledge of histopathology of the assessors. One per cent methylene blue should be the vital stain of choice in contact endoscopy.

The Effect of Nasal Decongestion on Nasal Patency and Nasalance Scores in Subjects with Normal Speech

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Watterson ◽  
Kerry E. Lewis ◽  
Jennifer C. Ludlow ◽  
Paul C. Ludlow
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Patency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Decongestant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Separation Plate ◽  
Normal Speech

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of pharmacological decongestion on nasalance scores. Participants: The participants were 20 adults with normal speech and resonance. Methods: Nasal patency was first determined by measuring the mean minimal cross-sectional area of the nasal passages by acoustic rhinometry. Each participant then read two passages as two predecongestion nasalance scores were obtained. A nasal decongestant was then administered to each nostril without removing the separation plate. Ten minutes later, nasalance scores were repeated. Finally, the separation plate was removed and the mean minimal cross-sectional area was obtained again. Main Outcome Measures: The outcome measures were the pre- and postdecongestion measurements of nasal patency and nasalance scores. Results: Minimal cross-sectional area increased significantly from 0.53 cm2 before decongestion to 0.66 cm2 after decongestion. For the Turtle Passage, the group mean nasalance for the two predecongestion measures (10.70% versus 11.55%) were significantly different and the pre- versus postdecongestion measures (10.70% versus 12.15%) were also significantly different. For the Mouse Passage, the group mean nasalance scores for the two predecongestion measures (32.10% versus 32.00%) were not significantly different but the pre- versus postdecongestion means (32.10 versus 34.40) were significantly different. Correlation coefficients showed a negligible relationship between measures of nasal patency and nasalance scores for both stimulus passages. Conclusions: Nasalance score variability was small and not meaningful for standard clinical purposes. The correlation between nasalance scores and nasal patency was weak.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Resilience and Academic Burnout among Nursing and Midwifery Students in Kermanshah, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maryam Janatolmakan ◽  
Yousef Torabi ◽  
Shahab Rezaeian ◽  
Bahare Andayeshgar ◽  
Amirabbas Dabiry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Academic Burnout ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background. Nursing and midwifery students have relatively high levels of academic burnout. One of the mechanisms to combat this issue is resilience. The results related to the association between academic burnout and resilience indicate a negative association, but various studies have reported different correlation coefficients. Therefore, the current study was aimed to investigate the association between resilience and academic burnout among nursing and midwifery students. Methods. A total of 240 nursing and midwifery students were recruited in this cross-sectional study using stratified random sampling. Data were collected by a demographic information questionnaire, the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS). Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 using t-test, ANOVA, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and linear regression analysis. Results. The mean scores of academic burnout for nursing and midwifery students were 41.4 ± 14.8 and 41.2 ± 12.3, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant ( p  = 0.368). The mean scores of resilience for nursing and midwifery students were 58.1 ± 13.3 and 52.9 ± 13.9, respectively, which showed a statistically significant difference ( p  = 0.004). Resilience was significantly inversely correlated with academic burnout in nursing and midwifery students (r = −0.04, p  < 0.001; r = −0.39, p  < 0.001). Increased resilience in students decreased academic burnout ( p  < 0.001). Conclusion. Academic burnout was moderate in nursing and midwifery students, but resilience was relatively high. Given the negative correlation between resilience and academic burnout, it is necessary to strengthen resilience skills and reduce factors that cause academic burnout.

Fleece shedding, staple length and fleece weight in experimental Wiltshire Horn-Scottish Blackface sheep crosses

1959 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Slee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Crossing Experiment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Staple Length

1. A crossing experiment was carried out between two breeds of sheep: the Wiltshire Horn—a breed with a short-stapled fleece which is normally shed both in lambs and adults, and the Scottish Blackface—which has a long-stapled carpet type of fleece. Animals of F1, F2 and both backcross generations were studied for gross characteristics of the fleece.2. The influence of the Wiltshire genotype caused a high incidence of fleece-shedding animals amongst all the crosses. Three separate components of the shedding process were distinguished: (a) the ability to shed, (b) the extent of shedding—or proportion of the body area denuded, (c) the time of onset of shedding. Attributes (a) and (b) were determined genetically; control was probably on a multifactorial basis, although there may have been fewer genes involved than for the other characters studied. Given the genetically determined existence of (a) and (b), (c) was apparently controlled by the environment. Seasonal change in day length was postulated as a major operative factor.3. The mid-side staple length of Wiltshire crosses was less than that of the Blackface parents. The decrease resulted partly from shedding and partly also from a reduction in the average growth rate of some fibres. When corrected for shedding the mean staple lengths of the crosses were about equal to the values theoretically expected on the basis of multifactorial inheritance without directional dominance.4. The mean fleece weight of the Wiltshire crosses was less than that of the Blackface parents, due, about equally, to: (a) loss of wool by fleece shedding, (b) reduced wool production—probably caused, at least partly, by the decreased average growth rate of some of the component fibres of the fleece. Differences in wool production appeared to be inherited multifaetorially.

Clinical Utility of Ultrasound Measurements of Plantar Fascia Width and Cross-Sectional Area

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebisi Bisi-Balogun ◽  
Michael Rector
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Plantar Fasciopathy ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
The Mean

Background:We sought to develop a standardized protocol for ultrasound (US) measurements of plantar fascia (PF) width and cross-sectional area (CSA), which may serve as additional outcome variables during US examinations of both healthy asymptomatic PF and in plantar fasciopathy and determine its interrater and intrarater reliability.Methods:Ten healthy individuals (20 feet) were enrolled. Participants were assessed twice by two raters each to determine intrarater and interrater reliability. For each foot, three transverse scans of the central bundle of the PF were taken at its insertion at the medial calcaneal tubercle, identified in real time on the plantar surface of the foot, using a fine wire technique. Reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard errors of measurement (SEM), and limits of agreement (LOA) expressed as percentages of the mean. Reliability of PF width and CSA measurements was determined using PF width and CSA measurements from one sonogram measured once and the mean of three measurements from three sonograms each measured once.Results:Ultrasound measurements of PF width and CSA showed a mean of 18.6 ± 2.0 mm and 69.20 ± 13.6 mm2 respectively. Intra-reliability within both raters showed an ICC &gt; 0.84 for width and ICC &gt; 0.92 for CSA as well as a SEM% and LOA% &lt; 10% for both width and CSA. Inter-rater reliability showed an ICC of 0.82 for width and 0.87 for CSA as well as a SEM% and LOA% &lt; 10% for width and a SEM% &lt; 10% and LOA% &lt; 20% for CSA. Relative and absolute reliability within and between raters were higher when using the mean of three sonographs compared to one sonograph.Conclusions:Using this novel technique, PF CSA and width may be determined reliably using measurements from one sonogram or the mean of three sonograms. Measurement of PF CSA and width in addition to already established thickness and echogenicity measurements provides additional information on structural properties of the PF for clinicians and researchers in healthy and pathologic PF.

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