69 AGE AT PUBERTY AND REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF LAMBS FED SUNFLOWER CAKE

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
K. L. Da Silva ◽  
N. G. Alves ◽  
I. J. Ascari ◽  
D. R. Da Silva ◽  
J. P. A. Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Lipid Inclusion ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Sunflower Cake ◽  
Age At Puberty

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of lipid inclusion, represented by sunflower cake (SC), on the performance, age at puberty, ovarian follicular development, and metabolic panel of prepubertal lambs. Thirty-five crossbred Santa Ines lambs were used [initial body weight (BW) 21.5 ± 1.6 kg and age 138 ± 3 days]. Four SC inclusions were tested: 0% SC, n = 9; 15% SC, n = 9; 30% SC, n = 9; and 45% SC, n = 8, within the dry matter of the diet. The diets were offered to the lambs until they reached 43.6 ± 0.8 kg; after reaching this BW they were slaughtered. Dry matter intake and performance were analysed. The number of follicles, the diameter of the larger follicle, and the total cholesterol serum concentration were evaluated one day before slaughtering. The serum progesterone concentration was analysed every 6 days after the animals reached 30 kg. Puberty was determined when the progesterone concentration reached = 1 ng mL–1 for the first time. The animals were randomly confined in individual pens. To study the significant variable and its effects on the treatments, regression analysis was performed. The number of follicles visualised in the ovary through ultrasound and after slaughtering was analysed by Proc Genmod. Spearman correlation coefficient of the number of follicles obtained through the in vivo ultrasound technique and by the count of follicles in the ovary postmortem. SAS software was used (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Daily dry matter intake (1.3 ± 0.5, 1.4 ± 0.5, 1.3 ± 0.5, and 1.3 ± 0.6 kg) and weight gain (0.19 ± 0.02, 0.23 ± 0.02, 0.19 ± 0.02, and 0.18 ± 0.02 kg) in the treatments of 0, 15, 30, and 45% of SC, respectively, presented no significant differences (P > 0.05). Total cholesterol serum concentration linearly increased (y = 73.1784 + 0.7206x), (R2 = 0.8477; P < 0.001) with the SC inclusion. The number of follicles <3 mm was not correlated with pre- and post-slaughtering (r = –0.097; P > 0.05), whereas the number of follicles = 3 mm of diameter was correlated (r = 0.56; P < 0.001). The number of follicles = 3 mm (2.4 ± 0.1, 2.3 ± 0.1, 2.4 ± 0.1, and 2.2 ± 0.1), >5 mm (0.5 ± 0.3, 0.7 ± 0.3, 0.8 ± 0.2, and 0.6 ± 0.3), and the diameter of the largest follicle (0.45 ± 0.03, 0.45 ± 0.04, 0.43 ± 0.03, and 0.40 ± 0.04 cm) verified through ultrasound, age at puberty (204 ± 11, 211 ± 13, 211 ± 13, 196 ± 11, 218 ± 11 days), and the weight at puberty (33.5 ± 1.5, 33.5 ± 1.7, 32.2 ± 1.5, and 33.5 ± 1.5 kg) in the treatments 0, 15, 30, and 45% SC, respectively, did not differ (P > 0.05), although the progesterone concentration presented a linear increase (y = 1.4783 + 0.02826x; P < 0.10). The number of follicles <3 mm observed postmortem was influenced (y = 3.0687 + 0.0288*x – 0.0006*x2; P < 0.001) by the levels of SC inclusion (i.e. a higher number of follicles were observed with the SC inclusion until 23.4% SC); follicles > 3 mm (0.91 ± 0.2, 0.91 ± 0.2, 0.97 ± 0.2, and 0.88 ± 0.2) did not differ (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the use of SC in the lamb’s diet positively affected the progesterone concentration and the development of follicles <3 mm of diameter, which presented an optimal level at 23.4% SC inclusion.

Effect of organic selenium on blood progesterone, metabolites, milk yield and service period of Jersey cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Jersey Cows

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of yeast based organic selenium (Se) on post-partum progesterone concentration, blood metabolites, service period and milk yield. Dairy Jersey cows (n=15) having almost similar body weight, age, parity and body condition score were divided into three groups of equal number. One group served as a control that was given no Se supplementation. Second and third groups were supplemented with Se at the rate of 0.3 and 0.4 mg/kg of dry matter intake, respectively. The results revealed that after parturition, there was significantly (P<0.05) higher concentration of progesterone in Se treated group of Jersey cows (P<0.05). Week wise, concentration of progesterone in blood increased significantly (P<0.05). There was a decrease in length of service period in Se treated groups. Blood concentrations of glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride increased significantly (P<0.05) on weekly basis. However, these blood metabolites did not change significantly between the control and Se treated groups. Milk yield did not change significantly between the control and Se treated groups. The results of current study indicated that supplementation of yeast based organic Se at the rate of 0.4 mg/kg dry matter intake improved the progesterone concentration and decreased the service period but had no effect on blood metabolites and milk yield.

Effect of dietary lipid inclusion from byproduct-based pellets on dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestion in finishing beef heifers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faustin Joy ◽  
Jordan A Johnson ◽  
Paweł Górka ◽  
John McKinnon ◽  
Steve Hendrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Lipid Inclusion ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This study was designed to evaluate dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal fermentation, ruminal digesta outflow, omasal flow of N constituents, and ruminal and total-tract digestibility in response to increasing dietary lipid content derived from high-lipid byproduct-based pellets for finishing beef cattle. Five ruminally cannulated heifers were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Dietary treatments were iso-nitrogenous with increasing ether extract (EE) concentrations resulting in dietary concentrations of 3.5, 4.2, 4.7, 5.1 and 5.9% of dry matter. Periods were 28 d in duration with the first 19 d used for dietary adaptation and the last 9 d for sample and data collection. Dry matter intake, ruminal pH, omasal flow of N constituents, and SCFA concentrations were not affected by increasing dietary EE content (P ≥ 0.10). Increasing dietary EE content increased outflow of EE from the rumen (P < 0.001). Apparent ruminal and total-tract digestibility of EE increased linearly (P ≤ 0.03) with increasing dietary EE levels. Results indicate that increasing dietary EE content from 3.5 up to 5.9% of DM by including high-lipid byproduct-based pellets does not alter site of nutrient digestibility with no negative effects on nutrient intake, ruminal fermentation, or apparent ruminal and total-tract digestibility.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CRESCENT INCLUSION OF SUNFLOWER CAKE IN LAMB DIETS IN FEEDLOT: PERFORMANCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CARCASS

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Dinnara Layza Souza da Silva ◽  
Alexandre Paula Braga ◽  
Dorgival Morais de Lima Júnior ◽  
Wirton Peixoto Costa ◽  
Antônia Vilma Ferreira Amâncio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Sunflower Cake ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Ground Corn

This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion sunflower cake (Hellianthus annuus L.) in diets of feedlot sheep. It was used 20 crossbred Santa Inês lambs, intact males, initial body weight of 17 ± 1.4 kg and 120 days of age were confined for 70 days. The diets were constituted by grass hay, grain ground corn, soybean meal, mineral salt and increasing inclusions of sunflower cake (0, 15, 30 and 45%). At the end of the feedlot period, the animals were slaughtered. The average daily gain and body weight were not affected (P> 0.05) by the inclusion of sunflower cake. However, the dry matter intake was a linear increase (P

Effects of forage type and age at which forage provision is started on growth performance, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites and intestinal enzymes in Holstein calves

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. H. Wu ◽  
A. Azarfar ◽  
A. Simayi ◽  
S. L. Li ◽  
A. Jonker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Intestinal Enzymes ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of two forage sources supplemented either from Day 3 or Day 15 of age on growth performance, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, intestinal enzymes and incidence of diarrhoea in Holstein bull calves. Forty neonatal male Holstein calves (40.6 ± 5.8 kg BW) were randomly assigned to five treatments, with eight replicates each, including calves fed starter feed without any forage provision (Control; CON), and the same starter plus either chopped alfalfa hay started fed from Day 3 (AE) or Day 15 of age (AL) or chopped oat hay fed from Day 3 (OE) or Day 15 of age (OL). The study finished when all calves were weaned at 56 days of age. During the experimental period average daily gain, starter intake and total dry matter intake were similar among calves fed either of five dietary treatments (P > 0.05). Empty rumen weight (proportional to bodyweight) was greater in CON calves than in OL calves (P < 0.05). The AL calves had a lighter small intestine compared with CON, OL and AE calves, but similar to OE. Frequency of diarrhoea was not affected by dietary treatment (P > 0.05). Rumen concentration of total volatile fatty acids and pH were similar among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). Control calves had a lower molar proportion of acetate compared with OL calves, but similar to the other calves (P < 0.05). Forage-fed calves had similar molar proportion of butyrate to CON calves. Acetate to propionate ratio was higher in OL-fed calves than in those fed CON and AE diets (P < 0.05). Rumen concentration of NH3-N tended to be higher (P = 0.059) in CON calves than in forage-fed calves. During experimental period, serum concentrations of globulin, total protein, glucose and total cholesterol were similar among dietary treatments. Calves fed OE had lower serum concentration of albumin than those fed other diets (P < 0.01). Serum concentration of triglycerides (P < 0.05) was greater in calves fed AE followed by those fed AL and then those fed CON, OL and OE. The AL-fed calves had a higher serum lactate dehydrogenase compared with AE and OE fed calves, but similar to calves fed OL and CON. Duodenum amylase concentration was greater (P < 0.05) in AE-fed calves compared with CON-fed calves, but similar to calves fed AL, OL and OE. Calves fed OL had greater (P < 0.05) ileum lipase concentration than those fed OE, but similar to calves fed AL, AE and CON. In conclusion, provision of chopped alfalfa or oat hay to calves either from Day 3 or Day 15 of age resulted in similar starter intake and total dry matter intake and feed efficiency and physical development of the reticulorumen compared with calves fed the CON diet, which justifies the supply of forage to young calves, even at an early age, as forages are generally cheaper than starter concentrates.

ACCEPTABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF GRADED LEVELS OF GMELINA ARBOREA AND CASSAVA PEELS CONCENTRATES IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-422
Author(s):  
Amoka Pius ◽  
Tawose O M
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Cassava Peels

The nutritive value ,voluntary dry matter intake, and the nutrient digestibility of graded levels of Gmelina arborea and cassava peels concentrates in WAD sheep was investigated. Twelve WAD sheep aged 1-2 years old and weighting 14.00± 0.45 kg were used in a complete randomized design. Diets were formulated such that cassava peels was replaced with Gmelina arborea leaf meal at 0, 33.33, 66.67, 100% levels, designated as diets A, B, C, and D respectively. Diet without Gmelina arborea leaf meal was tagged the control diet. The concentrate feed was compounded to contain 16% CP. Diets with 33.33% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea had significantly (P<0.05) higher dry matter intake (DMI) 598.80g day-1, while the lowest DMI 425.00g day-1 was obtained in animals fed 100% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Crude protein intake (CPI) of animals fed diets with 33.33% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea were significantly (P<0.05) highest, followed by 66.67% inclusion level and the least was observed in 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) was significantly (P<0.05) different across the dietary treatments, animals placed on diets with 33.33% inclusion level had the highest DMD, followed by animals on diets with 66.67, 100 and 0% inclusion levels. CP digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, the lowest CP digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. CF digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, while the lowest CF digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. N intake increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in the level of Gmelina arborea inclusion from 33.33% to 100%. N retention was significantly (P<0.05) different, diets with 33.33% Gmelina arborea inclusion had the highest value (64.36g day-1) followed by 66.67%, 100% and the least (52.64g day-1) was at 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea.  N balance values also followed the same trend. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the inclusion of Gmelina arborea leaf meal in WAD rams diet was well tolerated without adverse effect on acceptability, intake and nutrient digestibility, and inclusion level of 33.33% is hereby recommended in ruminants diet for optimum performance and productivity.

scholarly journals Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of milk samples as a tool to estimate energy balance, energy- and dry matter intake in lactating dairy cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Amira Rachah ◽  
Olav Reksen ◽  
Nils Kristian Afseth ◽  
Valeria Tafintseva ◽  
Sabine Ferneborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
External Test ◽  
Body Energy

Abstract The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of milk samples to predict body energy status and related traits (energy balance (EB), dry matter intake (DMI) and efficient energy intake (EEI)) in lactating dairy cows. The data included 2371 milk samples from 63 Norwegian Red dairy cows collected during the first 105 days in milk (DIM). To predict the body energy status traits, calibration models were developed using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR). Calibration models were established using split-sample (leave-one cow-out) cross-validation approach and validated using an external test set. The PLSR method was implemented using just the FTIR spectra or using the FTIR together with milk yield (MY) or concentrate intake (CONCTR) as predictors of traits. Analyses were conducted for the entire first 105 DIM and separately for the two lactation periods: 5 ≤ DIM ≤ 55 and 55 < DIM ≤ 105. To test the models, an external validation using an independent test set was performed. Predictions depending on the parity (1st, 2nd and 3rd-to 6th parities) in early lactation were also investigated. Accuracy of prediction (r) for both cross-validation and external test set was defined as the correlation between the predicted and observed values for body energy status traits. Analyzing FTIR in combination with MY by PLSR, resulted in relatively high r-values to estimate EB (r = 0.63), DMI (r = 0.83), EEI (r = 0.84) using an external validation. Only moderate correlations between FTIR spectra and traits like EB, EEI and dry matter intake (DMI) have so far been published. Our hypothesis was that improvements in the FTIR predictions of EB, EEI and DMI can be obtained by (1) stratification into different stages of lactations and different parities, or (2) by adding additional information on milking and feeding traits. Stratification of the lactation stages improved predictions compared with the analyses including all data 5 ≤ DIM ≤105. The accuracy was improved if additional data (MY or CONCTR) were included in the prediction model. Furthermore, stratification into parity groups, improved the predictions of body energy status. Our results show that FTIR spectral data combined with MY or CONCTR can be used to obtain improved estimation of body energy status compared to only using the FTIR spectra in Norwegian Red dairy cattle. The best prediction results were achieved using FTIR spectra together with MY for early lactation. The results obtained in the study suggest that the modeling approach used in this paper can be considered as a viable method for predicting an individual cow's energy status.

scholarly journals Influence of Residual Feed Intake and Cow Age on Dry Matter Intake Post-Weaning and Peak Lactation of Black Angus Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1822
Author(s):  
Cory T. Parsons ◽  
Julia M. Dafoe ◽  
Samuel A. Wyffels ◽  
Timothy DelCurto ◽  
Darrin L. Boss
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Two Stages

We evaluated heifer post-weaning residual feed intake (RFI) classification and cow age on dry matter intake (DMI) at two stages of production. Fifty-nine non-lactating, pregnant, (Study 1) and fifty-four lactating, non-pregnant (Study 2) commercial black Angus beef cows were grouped by age and RFI. Free-choice, hay pellets were fed in a GrowSafe feeding system. In Study 1, cow DMI (kg/d) and intake rate (g/min) displayed a cow age effect (p < 0.01) with an increase in DMI and intake rate with increasing cow age. In Study 2, cow DMI (kg/d) and intake rate (g/min) displayed a cow age effect (p < 0.02) with an increase in DMI and intake rate with increasing cow age. Milk production displayed a cow age × RFI interaction (p < 0.01) where both 5–6-year-old and 8–9-year-old low RFI cows produced more milk than high RFI cows. For both studies, intake and intake behavior were not influenced by RFI (p ≥ 0.16) or cow age × RFI interaction (p ≥ 0.21). In summary, heifer’s post-weaning RFI had minimal effects on beef cattle DMI or intake behavior, however, some differences were observed in milk production.

scholarly journals 214 The effects of an 18-hour transit or complete feed and water restriction on feed bunk displacements and need preferences in growing feedlot steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Katie J Heiderscheit ◽  
Erin Deters ◽  
Alyssa Freestone ◽  
Joshua Peschel ◽  
Stephanie L Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Trained Observer ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Abstract The objective was to investigate effects of 18 h feed and water restriction or transit on cattle behavior. Angus-cross steers (36; 353 ± 33 kg) were housed in pens of 6 and assigned to treatments: control (CON), full access to feed and water; deprived (DEPR), no feed or water for 18 h; or transported (TRANS), trucked for 18 h. Individual BW (n = 12 steers/treatment) was recorded on d 0, 1, 3, 8, and 14, and individual dry matter intake (DMI) was determined via GrowSafe bunks. Bunk displacements on d 1 were recorded for each pen (n = 2 pens/treatment) by one trained observer continuously for 2 h in 10 min intervals via video analysis. Steer need preferences were assessed as time individuals took to perform behaviors (eat, drink, lay) after treatments ended on d 1. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS with fixed effect of treatment; displacements, BW, and DMI were analyzed as repeated measures. Upon return to pens, time to eat or drink did not differ between DEPR and TRANS (P ≥ 0.17), but time to lay was 70.5 min for DEPR vs. 16.5 min for TRANS (P = 0.01). Displacements were greater for DEPR than CON or TRANS during the first 90 min after accessing feed, while CON displaced more frequently than TRANS for the first 30 min (treatment × time; P = 0.02). While DMI for TRANS was not recovered until d 2, DEPR and CON had similar DMI on d 1 (treatment × day; P &lt; 0.01). Similarly, TRANS BW were, and DEPR tended to be, lesser than CON on d 1; however, BW among treatments were not different on other days (treatment × day; P &lt; 0.01). Thus, restricting feed increases aggressive interactions at the bunk and cattle trucked long distances are quick to lay down when allowed. These behaviors should be considered when managing an unintentional feed restriction event or receiving cattle into the feedlot.

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