129 UTERINE EXPRESSION OF TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL MELASTATIN 2 CHANNEL AND ITS REGULATION BY SEX STEROID HORMONES

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
C. Ahn ◽  
E. J. Hong ◽  
E. B. Jeung
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Gonadal Steroid Hormones ◽  
Gonadal Steroid ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin

The transient potential receptor (TRP) channels are membrane-binding proteins that are non-selectively permeable for cations, such as Ca2+ and Mg2+, in numerous mammalian cells. The extracellular or intracellular ions play key roles in physiological function, including muscle contraction, cytokine production, insulin release, and apoptosis. Although TRPM channels have been implicated in the brain, bone marrow, and spleen, the presence of TRPM2 has been reported in the endometrium of the uterus. To determine whether expression of the TRPM2 gene in the uterus is due to gonadal steroid hormones or a hormone-independent effect, the uterine TRPM2 gene was monitored in mature rats during the oestrous cycle and in immature rats after treatment with gonadal steroid oestrogen (E2), progesterone (P4) with/without their antagonist, ICI 182,780, and RU486. Dramatic induction of the level of TRPM2 mRNA occurs at proestrus, followed by a drop to baseline levels at metestrus, and its level is restored at diestrus. Furthermore, the immune-reactive TRPM2 is observed in stromal cells of the myometrium and endometrium, and changes during the oestrus cycle. In addition, E2-induced TRPM2 is inhibited by co-treatment with P4. Taken together, these results imply that TRPM2 expression levels in the uterus are regulated by gonadal steroid hormones E2 and P4. Results of this study suggest possible involvement of TRPM2 in reproductive function during the oestrous cycle in female rats.

Neonatal gonadal hormones and blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. E258-E264 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Cambotti ◽  
F. E. Cole ◽  
A. A. Gerall ◽  
E. D. Frohlich ◽  
A. A. MacPhee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Gonadal Steroid Hormones ◽  
Gonadal Steroid ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Hypertensive Rat

In rats, gonadal steroid hormones present during the neonatal period produce permanent or "organizational" effects that play a role in the sexual differentiation of the brain and sexually dimorphic patterns of behavior. Because there exists a sexually dimorphic pattern in the development of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), we examined the influence of neonatal gonadal hormones on arterial pressure and body weight in these rats. Male SHR rats were castrated or sham-operated (controls) on their day of birth. Female rats received 1.25 mg testosterone propionate (TP) or sesame oil vehicle on their 2nd day of life. Sham-operated males and TP and oil females were gonadectomized at 81 days of age. To examine the transient or "activational" effects of gonadal steroid hormones, testosterone implants were placed subcutaneously in all rats at 128 days of age and were removed at 170 days of age. The rats were killed at 202 days of age, and selected organ weights were determined. During the original treatment, days 44-79, blood pressure in castrated males was comparable to that of control females, whereas blood pressure in neonatal TP females was not different from that of control males. When exposed to testosterone in adulthood, blood pressure increased more in neonatal TP female rats than in control females. Partial correlation analysis indicated that differences in body weights among the groups could not account for their variances in blood pressure. These data suggest that the neonatal gonadal hormone milieu contributes significantly to the sexually dimorphic pattern of hypertension development in the SHR.

scholarly journals Modulation of appetite by gonadal steroid hormones

2006 ◽  
Vol 361 (1471) ◽  
pp. 1251-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori Asarian ◽  
Nori Geary
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Gonadal Steroid Hormones ◽  
Gonadal Steroid ◽  
Feedback Controls ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Rats And Mice

Several sex differences in eating, their control by gonadal steroid hormones and their peripheral and central mediating mechanisms are reviewed. Adult female rats and mice as well as women eat less during the peri-ovulatory phase of the ovarian cycle (estrus in rats and mice) than other phases, an effect under the control of cyclic changes in estradiol secretion. Women also appear to eat more sweets during the luteal phase of the cycle than other phases, possibly due to simultaneous increases in estradiol and progesterone. In rats and mice, gonadectomy reveals further sex differences: orchiectomy decreases food intake by decreasing meal frequency and ovariectomy increases food intake by increasing meal size. These changes are reversed by testosterone and estradiol treatment, respectively. A variety of peripheral feedback controls of eating, including ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon, hepatic fatty acid oxidation, insulin and leptin, has been shown to be estradiol-sensitive under at least some conditions and may mediate the estrogenic inhibition of eating. Of these, most progress has been made in the case of CCK. Neurons expressing estrogen receptor-α in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem appear to increase their sensitivity to CCK-induced vagal afferent input so as to lead to an increase in the satiating potency of CCK, and consequently decreased food intake, during the peri-ovulatory period in rats. Central serotonergic mechanisms also appear to be part of the effect of estradiol on eating. The physiological roles of other peripheral feedback controls of eating and their central mediators remain to be established.

scholarly journals Impact of sex in the prevalence and progression of glioblastomas: the role of gonadal steroid hormones

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Bello-Alvarez ◽  
Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gonadal Steroid Hormones ◽  
Gonadal Steroid

Abstract Background As in other types of cancers, sex is an essential factor in the origin and progression of glioblastomas. Research in the field of endocrinology and cancer suggests that gonadal steroid hormones play an important role in the progression and prevalence of glioblastomas. In the present review, we aim to discuss the actions and mechanism triggered by gonadal steroid hormones in glioblastomas. Main body Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. According to the epidemiological data, glioblastomas are more frequent in men than in women in a 1.6/1 proportion both in children and adults. This evidence, and the knowledge about sex influence over the prevalence of countless diseases, suggest that male gonadal steroid hormones, such as testosterone, promote glioblastomas growth. In contrast, a protective role of female gonadal steroid hormones (estradiol and progesterone) against glioblastomas has been questioned. Several pieces of evidence demonstrate a variety of effects induced by female and male gonadal steroid hormones in glioblastomas. Several studies indicate that pregnancy, a physiological state with the highest progesterone and estradiol levels, accelerates the progression of low-grade astrocytomas to glioblastomas and increases the symptoms associated with these tumors. In vitro studies have demonstrated that progesterone has a dual role in glioblastoma cells: physiological concentrations promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while very high doses (out physiological range) reduce cell proliferation and increases cell death. Conclusion Gonadal steroid hormones can stimulate the progression of glioblastomas through the increase in proliferation, migration, and invasion. However, the effects mentioned above depend on the concentrations of these hormones and the receptor involved in hormone actions. Estradiol and progesterone can exert promoter or protective effects while the role of testosterone has been always associated to glioblastomas progression.

scholarly journals Characterization Of Selective TRPM8 Ligands And Their Structure Activity Response (S.A.R) Relationship

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azhar Sherkheli ◽  
Angela K. Vogt-Eisele ◽  
Daniel Bura ◽  
Leopoldo R. Beltrán Márques ◽  
Günter Gisselmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin

PURPOSE: Transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8) is an ion channel expressed extensively in sensory nerves, human prostate and overexpressed in a variety of cancers including prostate, breast, lung, colon and skin melanomas. It is activated by innoxious cooling and chemical stimuli. TRPM8 activation by cooling or chemical agonists is reported to induce profound analgesia in neuropathic pain conditions. Known TRPM8 agonists like menthol and icilin cross-activate other thermo-TRP channels like TRPV3 and TRPA1 and mutually inhibit TRPM8. This limits the usefulness of menthol and icilin as TRPM8 ligands. Consequently, the identification of selective and potent ligands for TRPM8 is of high relevance both in basic research and for therapeutic applications. In the present investigation, a group of menthol derivates was characterized. These ligands are selective and potent agonists of TRPM8. Interestingly they do not activate other thermo-TRPs like TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3 and TRPV4. These ion channels are also nociceptors and target of many inflammatory mediators. METHODS: Investigations were performed in a recombinant system: Xenopus oocytes microinjected with cRNA of gene of interest were superfused with the test substances after initial responses of known standard agonists. Evoked currents were measured by two-electrode voltage clamp technique. RESULTS: The newly characterized ligands possess an up to six-fold higher potency (EC50 in low µM) and an up to two-fold increase in efficacy compared to the parent compound menthol. In addition, it is found that chemical derivatives of menthol like CPS-368, CPS-369, CPS-125, WS-5 and WS-12 are the most selective ligands for TRPM8. The enhanced activity and selectivity seems to be conferred by hexacyclic ring structure present in all ligands as substances like WS-23 which lack this functional group activate TRPM8 with much lower potency (EC50 in mM) and those with pentacyclcic ring structure (furanone compounds) are totally inactive. CONCLUSION: The new substances activate TRPM8 with a higher potency, efficacy and specificity than menthol and will thus be of importance for the development of pharmacological agents suitable for treatment and diagnosis of certain cancers and as analgesics. STATEMENT OF NOVELTY: The new compounds have an unmatched specificity for TRPM8 ion channels with additional display of high potency and efficacy. Thus these substances are better pharmacological tools for TRPM8 characterization then known compounds and it is suggested that these menthol-derivates may serve as model substances for the development of TRPM8 ligands.

scholarly journals Effect of gonadal steroid hormones on formalin-induced temporomandibular joint inflammation

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.E. Torres-Chávez ◽  
J.M. Sanfins ◽  
J.T. Clemente-Napimoga ◽  
A. Pelegrini-Da-Silva ◽  
C.A. Parada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Gonadal Steroid Hormones ◽  
Gonadal Steroid ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Inflammation

scholarly journals Ovarian Activity and Pregnancy in the Siberian Tiger, Panthera tigris altaica, Assessed by Fecal Gonadal Steroid Hormones Analyses

2007 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heri Dwi PUTRANTO ◽  
Satoshi KUSUDA ◽  
Kayo INAGAKI ◽  
Gaku KUMAGAI ◽  
Rie ISHII-TAMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Gonadal Steroid Hormones ◽  
Gonadal Steroid ◽  
Siberian Tiger ◽  
Panthera Tigris Altaica
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