71 WILL DEHYDRATION BY EXPOSURE TO SUCROSE IMPROVE POST-VITRIFICATION SURVIVAL OF MURINE EMBRYOS VITRIFIED BY THE OPEN PULLED STRAW METHOD?

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
M. El-Gayar ◽  
J. Reischl ◽  
M. Gauly ◽  
W. Holtz
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Intact Mouse ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 2

Vitrification of mammalian embryos comprises suspension in highly concentrated solutions of penetrating cryoprotectants. These cryoprotectants are known to be extremely cytotoxic to cells in an unfrozen state. In the present experiment, it was attempted to reduce the amount of cryoprotectants entering the cells to a minimum by at least partially dehydrating the blastomeres before exposing them to vitrification solutions. Sucrose is known to be a non-permeating osmotically active agent and is, therefore, suited to serve this purpose. It has been shown that concentrations of up to 1.1 M sucrose are well tolerated (Krag et al. 1985 Theriogenology 23, 199). Morphologically intact mouse blastocysts collected from superovulated 5- to 8-week-old virgin female NMRI mice were randomly allocated to 4 treatment groups (100 embryos/group). A control group (Group 1) was vitrified according to the slightly modified (El-Gayar et al. 2008 Cryobiology 57, 191–194) protocol of (Vajta et al. 1998 Mol. Reprod. Dev. 51, 53–58). The protocol involves exposure to 10% dimethyl-sulfoxide (Me2SO) + 10% ethylene glycol (EG) for 1 min; 20% Me2SO + 20% EG for 20 s; loading into straws and plunging directly into liquid nitrogen. In embryos of Group 2, the procedure mentioned above was preceded by exposure to a 1 M sucrose solution for 1 min. In Group 3, the procedure of Group 2 was followed; however, vitrification solution no. 1 (10% Me2SO + 10% EG) was omitted. In Group 4, sucrose was added to both vitrification solutions at a concentration of 0.2 mol with the 10% Me2SO + 10% EG-solution and of 0.4 mol with the 20% Me2SO + 20% EG-solution. After warming, embryos of all groups were cultured in vitro in microdrops of M16 medium for 48 h. Differences between means were tested for significance by the chi-square test. All embryos were recovered after warming. In the control group, 97% of the embryos had continued development to the expanded blastocyst stage and 89% had proceeded to hatch. The corresponding values for Groups 2, 3, and 4 were 81 and 64%; 60 and 29%, and 93 and 88%, respectively. Earlier studies have shown that in vitro hatching is closely correlated with in vivo survival (El-Gayar et al. 2008 Cryobiology 57, 191–194; Cryoletters 2010, in print). The differences between the control group and Groups 2 and 3 were significant (P < 0.01), whereas with Group 4 it was not (P > 0.05). Thus, exposure to sucrose before vitrification (Groups 2 and 3) compromised the viability of murine blastocysts rather than protecting them, whereas addition of sucrose to vitrification solutions did not. Because embryo survival after cryopreservation by the standard OPS procedure was exceptionally high, it was impossible to detect a potential improvement. This study was partly supported by a grant from the Egyptian government.

scholarly journals The Influence of Post Bleaching Treatments in Stain Absorption and Microhardness

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horieh Moosavi ◽  
Fatemeh Darvishzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of post bleaching treatments to prevent restaining and the change of enamel surface microhardness after dental bleaching in vitro. Methods: Sixty intact human incisor teeth were stained in tea solution and randomly assigned into four groups (n=15). Then samples were bleached for two weeks (8 hours daily) by 15% carbamide peroxide. Tooth color was determined both with a spectrophotometer and visually before bleaching (T1) and immediately after bleaching (T2). Next, it was applied in group 1 fluoride (Naf 2%) gel for 2 minutes, and in group 2 a fractional CO2 laser (10 mJ, 200 Hz, 10 s), and in group 3, nanohydroxyapatite gel for 2 minutes. The bleached teeth in group 4 remained untreated (control group). Then teeth placed in tea solution again. Color examinations were repeated after various post bleaching treatments (T3) and restaining with tea (T4) and color change values recorded. The microhardness was measured at the enamel surface of samples. Data was analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey HSD test and Dunnett T3 (α = 0.05). Results: Directly after bleaching (ΔE T3-T2), the treatment with nanohydroxyapatite showed significantly the least color lapse in colorimetric evaluation. In experimental groups, the color change between T3 and T4 stages (ΔE T4-T3) was significantly lower than control group (P < 0.05). Different methods of enamel treatment caused a significant increase in surface microhardness compared to control group (P < 0.05). Significance: Application of fluoride, fractional CO2 laser and nanohydroxyapatite as post bleaching treatments are suggested for prevention of stain absorption and increasing the hardening of bleached enamel.

scholarly journals AN INVITRO COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH OBTURATED WITH RESILON AND GUTTA-PERCHA

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 075-079
Author(s):  
Kiran Halkai ◽  
Rahul Halkai ◽  
Mithra N. Hegde ◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Aim: To compare and evaluate in-vitro the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth obturated with resilon & epiphany sealer and guttapercha using different sealers. Epoxy resin based sealer AH-plus and zinc oxide eugenol based sealer-TubliSeal (EWT). Methodology: sixty four human single rooted maxillary anterior teeth, cleaned stored in 0.9% saline. All the teeth were decoronated to root length 14mm and bucco-lingual diameter of 5-7mm, After access openings teeth were instrumented using K3.06 up to final apical size 30/.06 and randomly allocated into 4 experimental groups (n=16 per group). Group 1(Control group): teeth were instrumented but not obturated, Group 2: Resilon cones and epiphany SE-sealer. Group 3: guttapercha cones and epoxy based sealer AH plus. Group 4: guttapercha and Tubli seal EWT. Coronal seal was done using IRM cement. Each of the specimens were tested for fracture resistance by instron universal testing machine. Results: Higher fracture resistance values were observed for group 2 (Resilon & Epiphany SE sealer) followed by group 3(Guttapercha & AH Plus sealer) and group 4(Guttapercha & TubliSeal EWT) when compared to group1 (control-instrumented but not obturated). Conclusion: filling the root canals with contemporary polymer based root canal obturating system- Resilon increased the in vitro fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Finishing and Polishing Methods for Color Stability of the E-Max Dental Ceramics: In vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1508-1513
Author(s):  
Ibraheem F Alshiddi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

In order to assess the influence of finishing and polishing on the surface brightness and color stability of the ceramic veneer, fifty specimens were fabricated with 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness using IPS E-Max Ceramic. After glazing, 10 specimens were untouched as control group, and the other 40 specimens were abraded using 125µm diamond bur to create surface roughness. Forty specimens were divided into four groups (n=10), in group 1: specimens were finished using diamond point, in group 2 specimens’ surface was polished with a polishing kit, Group 3: Each specimen surface was polished with the polishing kit as in protocol 2 and was polished a polishing past and group 4 Each specimen was glazed by heating at 621℃ for 3 minutes followed by a temperature increase of 83℃/min up to 918℃ for 30 seconds. Color measurement was performed using spectrophotometer. Color stability data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test (α=0.05). For Ra values, paired-samples t-tests were used to analyze the data and compare groups. The change in L and E showed a significant difference among the study groups; (group 1, group 2, group 3 and group 4) with respect to three variables L, a and b. A significant difference was noted when compared each group with the control; however, only group 2 showed a significant difference from group 4; the remaining groups demonstrated similar findings for all three variables. The study displayed a significant impact of the finishing and polishing technique on the surface brightness and color stability of ceramic restoration. However, it was evident that combination of two or three polishing techniques which includes polish kit and glaze enhances the surface finish and adds color stability by alternating the yellow – blue axis (increase in b) and red- green axis (decrease in a).

scholarly journals study the effect of alcoholic and watery extracts of garlic and onion plants on growth of candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro&vivo

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Abd-Alshaheed D. A.
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Ofcandida Albicans ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

This research included study the effect of garlic and onion plantsextracts(alcoholic and watery) in vitro in three different concentrations15%,25%,35% and in vivo in experimental white mice .Research wasperformed by three experiments, first one was conducted to studyeffectiveness of different concentration of alcoholic and watery garlicextract on growth of candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans invitro, showed that the effect of alcoholic extract on the growth of candidaalbicans was inhibitory,started from 0.4 mm to 0.1 mm compared withcontrol plats 4.2 mm ,where as the results of the effect on the growth ofCryptococcus neoformans showed more clearness and the inhibitionstarted from 0.6 to inhibit all the growth in plat in comparison withcontrol plats1.4 mm. While the effect of watery garlic extract showed lesseffect and the inhibition began from 0.5 mm to 0.2 mm for candidaalbicans , but the growth inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans beganfrom 0.4 to 0.15 mm.The second experiment was the same as the firstexperiment , but using alcoholic and extracts onion , the growth ofcandida albicans inhibited by alcoholic exract from 0.6 mm to no growthin the plat , but the inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans was startedfrom 0.5mm to 0.2 mm for alcoholic onion extract. While the wateryonion extract effect on the growth of candida albicans the inhibitionstarted from 1.6 mm to 1 mm ,but the inhibition of Cryptococcusneoformans was began from 1 mm to 0.3 mm.Third experiment was study the effect of crude garlic and onion alcoholicextract ointment 1% on experimental infection in mice , using 30experimental mice divided to 6 equal groups,each group include 5 mice*groups which infected with candida albicans treated :The group 1,2,3,expermrutly infected with candida albicans ,where asgroup 3,4,6 were infected with Cryptococcus neoformans for 1,2,3 group,treted with the ointment of alcoholic extract of garlic, group 2 treatedwith alcoholic extract ointment of onion, where as group 3 left with notreatment as a control group

85 SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF DEHYDRATION AND LOW TEMPERATURE ON THE SURVIVAL OF PANGASIUS CATFISH (PANGASIANODON HYPOPHTHALMUS) EMBRYOS

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
X. N. Bui ◽  
T. H. Nguyen ◽  
T. N. Nguyen ◽  
V. H. Nguyen ◽  
T. T. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Embryo Cryopreservation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Embryo cryopreservation is an important need for industrial catfish production, as well as for biodiversity conservation. However, due to the limit of membrane permeability and dehydration in fish embryos, no successful cryopreservation method has been reported. We present herein results of the effect of dehydration and low temperature on the survival of catfish embryos, to understand their cryobiological behaviour and develop an efficient freeze method for this species. Embryos at blastocyst stage were collected at 10 h after insemination and kept in a water tank with an air pump. Embryos with somites and optic cups clearly distinguished were selected and treated according to 4 treatment groups: group 1, control group: embryos were kept in water at room temperature for 2 h; group 2, treated for dehydration: embryos were kept in 1 M or 2 M sucrose solution for 2 h at room temperature; group 3, treated for low temperature: embryos were kept in water for 2 h at 0°C; and group 4, treated for dehydration and low temperature: embryos were kept in 1 M or 2 M sucrose solution for 2 h at 0°C. After treatments, all embryos were washed twice in water and incubated in separated water tanks for 2 days. The survival of embryo was evaluated by the rate of intact and hatched embryos during the first day after treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. Our results showed that in the control group, all of the embryos were intact and hatched. In the group 2, the survival rate of embryos treated with 1 M sucrose was not different compared with the control group. However, in this group, no hatched embryos were obtained when treated with 2 M sucrose (Table 1). Also, no hatched embryos were observed when they were kept at 0°C without dehydration (group 3). A significant improving hatching rate was obtained in group 4 for embryos treated at 0°C and dehydrated in 2 M sucrose (90 v. 0% in group 3; P < 0.05). In conclusion, the combined treatment of dehydration (in 2 M sucrose concentration) and low temperature (at 0°C) can result in synergistic effect that are able to protect embryos from damages caused by treatment with either low temperature or dehydration conditions. Table 1.Treated catfish embryos This work was supported by a project from MARDVN.

97 PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF EQUINE PLACENTA GENERATED AFTER TRANSFER OF IN VIVO- AND IN VITRO-PRODUCED EMBRYOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lanci ◽  
J. Mariella ◽  
B. Merlo ◽  
C. Castagnetti ◽  
E. Iacono
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Placental changes associated with artificial reproductive technologies have been described in several species, but little information is available in horses. Joy et al. (2012) reported that human placentas from intracytoplasmic sperm injection derived embryos were heavier and thicker than those produced after natural conception. Despite the most growing interest and efficiency of artificial reproductive technologies in equine species, only recently, Pozor et al. (2016) described placental abnormalities in pregnancies generated by somatic cell NT, but there are no studies on equine placenta generated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection and traditional embryo transfer. In the present preliminary study, macroscopic differences of placentas generated after transfer of in vitro- or in vivo-produced embryos were registered. Twelve Standardbred recipient mares with pregnancy generated after transfer of in vivo-derived (Group 1) and in vitro-derived (Group 2) embryos were enrolled; 10 Standardbred mares with pregnancy derived by traditional AI were included as control (Group 3). All pregnancies were physiological, and newborn foals were healthy. Mare age, parity, length of pregnancy, gross evaluation and weight of placenta, total length of umbilical cord (UC), length of UC, number of UC coils, foal sex, and weight at birth were registered. Collected data are listed in Table 1 and are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Differences between groups were evaluated by 1-way ANOVA, and the difference in proportion of overweight placentas was evaluated with the Fisher test. The gross evaluation of placenta revealed 8/12 placentas (2/4 Group 1; 6/8 Group 2) were heavier than 11% (Madigan, 1997) due to oedema of the chorioallantois. No overweight placentas were registered in Group 3. In Group 1, 1/4 placentas had villous hypoplasia, and in Group 2, 1/8 placentas had cystic pouches on the UC. There were no significant differences among groups. However, the proportion of overweight placentas between Group 2 (6/8) and Group 3 (0/10) approached significance (P = 0.06). Although preliminary, the results of the present study suggest that production of equine embryos in vitro may lead to alterations in placental development. Several studies in cattle and sheep have suggested that alterations in the placentas of pregnancies derived from in vitro-produced embryos are related to effects of culture on epigenetic regulation. Less is known in the horse about the effects of in vitro embryo production on placental development; thus, further research in this area is necessary. Table 1. Characteristics of full-term placentas derived from AI or embryo transfer with in vivo- and in vitro-produced embryos

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Root Dentin Microhardness after using Different Standard Irrigating Solutions and Stevia Leaf Extract- An In vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avani Paresh Shah ◽  
Rushikesh Mahaparale ◽  
TM Mangala ◽  
Adish Anand Saraf ◽  
Sneha Mali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Extract Solution ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Introduction: Success in endodontic therapy largely depends on mechanical and chemical debridement of the root canals by using instruments and effective irrigating solutions which are not only important for cleaning and disinfecting the root canals, but also, are capable of altering the chemical and structural properties of dentin. As the microhardness test is sensitive to surface changes of tooth structure, it is useful in making a correlation between irrigating solutions and root dentin microhardness. Aim: To evaluate the effect of different standard irrigating solutions at standard concentrations and Stevia leaf extract (2.5%) on the microhardness of root canal dentin. Materials and Methods: This is an in-vitro comparative study where forty intact single rooted teeth were selected and decoronated to get an apico-coronal length of 10 mm and were randomly divided into four groups as per the irrigant used; Group 1 (control): Irrigation with Normal saline, Group 2: Irrigation with 2.5% Sodium Hypochloride (NaOCl) followed by 17% EDTA, Group 3: Irrigation with 2.5% Stevia extract solution, Group 4: Irrigation with SmearClear solution. They were prepared using ProTaper Universal Rotary Files with intermittent irrigation with the respective irrigating solution. The teeth were then embedded in acrylic resin and subjected to Vicker’s Hardness test and the data obtained were analysed using one way ANOVA test. p<0.05 was taken to be statistically significant. Results: At 500 microns, Vickers Hardness Number (VHN) value was less than at 1000 micron, but was not statistically significant, (p>0.05). Between the groups, the control group showed the highest microhardness at 500 and 1000 microns, namely, 51.27±4.36 VHN and 53.60±5.12 VHN, respectively. Group 3 and 4 showed a comparable reduction in microhardness with Group 3 showing slightly better results (47.98±4.34 VHN and 48.89±5.26 VHN, respectively) as compared to Group 4 (47.36±5.50 VHN and 48.62±5.84 VHN, respectively). Group 2 showed the least value (36.60±5.71 VHN and 37.11±5.82 VHN, respectively). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, teeth irrigated with normal saline showed least reduction in microhardness followed by irrigation with Stevia leaf extract solution, SmearClear and Hypochlorite followed by EDTA.

scholarly journals Influence of Thermal Cycles Number on Bond Strength of Metallic Brackets to Ceramic

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Eliú Pereira Jurubeba ◽  
Ana Rosa Costa ◽  
Lourenço Correr-Sobrinho ◽  
Carlos Alberto Malanconi Tubel ◽  
Américo Bortolazzo Correr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thermal Cycles ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Ceramic Restorations

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different number of thermal cycles on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic orthodontic brackets bonded to feldspathic ceramic by a composite resin. Twenty-five ceramic cylinders were etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 60 s and received two layers of silane. Brackets were bonded to the cylinders using Transbond XT and assigned to 5 groups (n=5): Group 1 - Control group (without thermal cycling); Group 2 - 500 thermal cycles; Group 3 - 5,000 thermal cycles; Group 4 - 7,000 thermal cycles and Group 5 - 10,000 thermal cycles. Light-activation was carried out by Radii Plus LED. SBS testing was carried out after 24 h of storage in deionized water and thermal cycling (5/55 oC and 30 s dwell time). Five brackets were bonded to each cylinder, totalizing 25 brackets for each group. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). The Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was evaluated at 8× magnification. The SBS (MPa) of control group (9.3±0.8), 500 (9.0±0.7) and 5,000 (8.4±0.9) thermal cycles were significantly higher than those after 7,000 (6.8±0.6) and 10,000 (4.9±1.0) thermal cycles (p<0.05). The ARI showed a predominance of Scores 0 (adhesive failure) prevailed in all groups, as shown by the ARI, with increased scores 1 and 2 (mixed failures) for control group and 500 thermal cycles. In conclusion, thermal fatigue may compromise the bonding integration between metallic brackets and ceramic restorations. For in vitro testing, use of at least 7,000 cycles is advised to result in significant fatigue on the bonding interface.

scholarly journals In vivo microbiological evaluation of the effect of biomechanical preparation of root canals using different irrigating solutions

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Tanomaru Filho ◽  
José Carlos Yamashita ◽  
Mario Roberto Leonardo ◽  
Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Juliane Maria Guerreiro Tanomaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Solution ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of biomechanical preparation using different irrigating solutions. Seventy-eight root canals from premolars of four dogs were used. After experimental induction of periapical lesions, the root canals were prepared using the following solutions for irrigation: Group 1) 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); Group 2) 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); Group 3) saline solution and Group 4) control group with no biomechanical preparation. The microbiological evaluation of the root canals was performed by counting the colony forming units (CFUs) using different culture mediums. Two absorbent paper cones were used in each root canal in order to collect the microbiological samples before, and thirty days after the biomechanical preparation. The culture plates were incubated in aerobic, anaerobic and microaerophilic environment. Statistical evaluation was carried out using analysis of variance, Tukey and Student tests. The results demonstrated that there was reduction in the number of microorganisms in the NaOCl and CHX groups (p<0.05). There was greater effectiveness in the chlorhexidine group. The group that used saline solution and the control group presented an increased number of microorganisms. It can be concluded that the use of antimicrobial irrigating solutions during biomechanical preparation promotes the reduction of endodontic microbiota. However, a considerable number of microorganisms were still observed.

scholarly journals Effect of the number of thermocycles on microleakage of resin composite restorations

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Bittencourt Pazinatto ◽  
Bruno Barbosa Campos ◽  
Leonardo César Costa ◽  
Maria Teresa Atta
Keyword(s):  
Resin Composite ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Thermal Changes ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Group 1

Thermocycling simulates, in vitro, thermal changes that occur in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the number of cycles on microleakage. Class V cavities (1.5 mm deep, 3 mm in height and 3 mm in width) were prepared in bovine teeth, restored with a Single Bond/Z250 restorative system (3M/ESPE) and then divided into five groups of ten teeth each: group 1 was not thermocycled (control group), and groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were thermocycled 500, 1,000, 2,500 and 5,000 times, respectively (5º-55º ± 2ºC, 15 s dwell time). The teeth were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin aqueous solution for 24 h, sectioned and the sections with the highest degree of microleakage were selected, scanned and the extent of dye penetration was measured by the ImageTool program. The results submitted to one-way ANOVA showed no significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05). The averages of microleakage values in millimeters were: group 1 (3.92); group 2 (3.13); group 3 (4.48); group 4 (4.33) and group 5 (3.42). Thus, it was concluded that there is no relation between the increase of the number of cycles and the increase in microleakage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document