232 INFLUENCE OF SEMINAL PLASMA ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DOG SPERM AGAINST DIFFERENT REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
A. Dalmazzo ◽  
P. A. A. Góes ◽  
M. Nichi ◽  
R. O. C. Silva ◽  
J. R. C. Gurgel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Acrosome Integrity

Due to the importance of dogs to humans, there is increasing interest in breeders in the use of reproductive biotechnologies. However, most of the biotechnologies would require the removal or dilution of the seminal plasma, which is known to exert both beneficial and deleterious effects on sperm quality. One of the beneficial effects of seminal plasma would be the antioxidant protection because sperm are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress, mainly due to the reduced cytoplasm and the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in their membrane. An alternative to overcome the injuries caused by oxidative stress is the antioxidant treatment, which requires the identification of those reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are the most deleterious. The aim of this study was to identify the most harmful ROS to dog semen. Semen samples from 6 adult dogs were collected and centrifuged. Seminal plasma (SP) was removed and samples were incubated (1 h, 37°C) with 4 ROS-inducing mechanisms: xanthine/xanthine oxidase (produces superoxide anion), hydrogen peroxide (4 mM), ascorbate and ferrous sulfate (4 mM; produces hydroxyl radical) alone or with additional SP. Samples were analysed for motility by computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The 3-3′ diaminobenzidine stain was used as an index of mitochondrial activity, the eosin nigrosin stain as an index of membrane integrity, the simple stain (fast green/Bengal rose) as an index of acrosome integrity, sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) as an index of DNA fragmentation, and measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as an index of lipid peroxidation. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS System for Windows (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA; least significant differences test and Spearman correlation; P < 0.05). Results showed that dog sperm is differentially modulated depending on the presence of SP. In addition, damage to the different sperm structures depended on the different ROS. Samples incubated with SP showed no differences concerning TBARS (1 233 in SP, 1 260 in Tris; P = 0.99). On the other hand, samples incubated without SP showed higher lipid peroxidation when treated with hydroxyl radical compared with the other ROS. Furthermore, although hydroxyl radical mostly altered mitochondrial activity in samples incubated with SP (DAB IV = 4.3%; P < 0.05 against all other ROS), the most significant ROS in samples incubated without SP was hydrogen peroxide (DAB IV = 4.7%; P < 0.05 against all other ROS). Superoxide anion was less harmful to acrosome integrity in samples incubated with SP and to motility in samples incubated without SP. The present results suggest that seminal plasma may play an important role in the susceptibility of dog sperm to oxidative stress. Moreover, the results indicate that different sperm compartments are susceptible to different ROS. It is concluded that the quality of frozen–thawed dog semen may be improved by treating with a combination of different antioxidants to destroy the chain reaction causing the oxidative stress. FAPESP is acknowledged for financial support.

75 INFLUENCE OF CRYOPRESERVATION ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF GOAT SPERM AGAINST DIFFERENT REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. A. Góes ◽  
M. Nichi ◽  
R. O. C. Silva ◽  
E. G. A. Perez ◽  
A. Dalmazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical Scavengers

Semen quality after cryopreservation is one of the main limiting factors for the success of artificial insemination in goats. Previous studies indicate that cryo-injuries may be related to the oxidative stress which is caused by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leads to structural and functional damages to the sperm. The understanding of sperm oxidative mechanisms in goats may provide information on possible treatments to improve semen quality post cryopreservation. The aim of the present study was to verify the resistance of cryopreserved goat spermatozoa to different reactive oxygen species. Semen samples from 5 adult goats were collected and cryopreserved (Botubov®, Biotech Ltda.). After thawing, samples were washed twice with PBS and incubated (1 h, 37°C) with 4 ROS inducer mechanisms: xanthine/xanthine oxidase (produces superoxide anion), hydrogen peroxide (4 mM), ascorbate and ferrous sulfate (4 mM; produces hydroxyl radical) with and without the addition of seminal plasma. Samples were analysed for motility using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA); the 3–3′ diaminobenzidine stain, as an index of mitochondrial activity; the eosin nigrosin stain, as an index of membrane integrity; the simple stain (Fast green/Bengal rose), as an index of acrosome integrity; sperm chromatin structure assay as an index of DNA fragmentation; and the measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), an index of lipid peroxidation. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS System for Windows (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA; least significant differences test and Spearman correlation; P < 0.05). Results showed that cryopreserved goat sperm after thawing is highly susceptible to the hydroxyl radical. No differences were found on CASA variables between the different ROS. On the other hand, lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation were higher for samples treated with hydroxyl radical when compared to samples treated with the other ROS. Furthermore, sperm showing low mitochondrial activity were lower also for samples treated with hydroxyl radical. Negative correlations were found between lipid peroxidation, and most of the variables evaluated by the CASA. A positive correlation was found between the percentage of sperm showing low mitochondrial potential and DNA fragmentation, indicating that impaired mitochondrial activity may be related to an increase on DNA fragmentation. Previous studies indicate that fresh goat semen is highly susceptible to the attack of hydrogen peroxide. We observed that after thawing there is a shift towards a higher susceptibility to the hydroxyl radical. This may indicate that seminal plasma in goats may be an important source of hydroxyl radical scavengers and that, due to the dilution of the seminal plasma with the extender, such antioxidant protection may be impaired. Therefore, an alternative to improve semen quality in cryopreserved goat semen would be the treatment with hydroxyl radical scavengers such as vitamins E and C, reduced glutathione, and other non-enzymatic antioxidants. Thanks to CAPES for financial support.

317 RESISTANCE AGAINST DIFFERENT REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN BOVINE EPIDIDYMAL SPERM UNDER DISTINCT MATURATION STATUS

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
M. Nichi ◽  
E. G. A. Perez ◽  
C. H. C. Viana ◽  
A. C. Teodoro ◽  
P. A. A. Goes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential

Oxidative stress is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may cause structural damage to biomolecules, DNA, lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, as well as other cellular components. Evidence indicates that oxidation products are also deleterious to biological systems. Spermatozoa are particularly susceptible the oxidative stress, mainly due to the reduced cytoplasm and the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in its membrane. The mechanisms by which sperm acquire antioxidant capacity are still not completely elucidated. The aim was to study the resistance of sperm derived from different epididymal compartments (caudae and head) to the different ROS and to the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA). Epididymal sperm samples from 4 testicles were collected from the head and caudae epididymides. Sperm samples were then incubated (1 h, 37°C) with 4 ROS inducer mechanisms: xanthine/xanthine oxidase (produces superoxide anion), hydrogen peroxide (4 mM), ascorbate and ferrous sulfate (4 mM; produces hydroxyl radical), and MDA. Samples were analyzed for 3-3′ diaminobenzidine stain, as an index of mitochondrial activity; the eosin nigrosin stain, as an index of membrane integrity; the simple stain (fast green/Bengal rose), as an index of acrosome integrity; and the measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), an index of lipid peroxidation. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS System for Windows (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA; least significant differences test and Pearson correlation). Results showed that immature sperm (head epididymides) were significantly more susceptible to the MDA and to the hydroxyl radical in all studied variables, especially acrosomes, membranes, and mitochondrial potential. Semen derived from the caudae epididymides was more susceptible to the hydrogen peroxide and to the MDA, especially regarding mitochondrial potential. In semen from the epididymal head, a positive correlation was found between TBARS and sperm showing no mitochondrial potential (r = 0.66, P = 0.01). On the other hand, negative correlations were found between TBARS and sperm with damaged acrosome and membrane (r = -0.63, P = 0.01 and r = -0.58, P = 0.02, respectively) in samples collected from the caudae epididymides. The present results suggest that sperm susceptibility to the attack of ROS is different throughout maturation. Although immature sperm are more susceptible to the hydroxyl radical, mature sperm are more susceptible to the hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, MDA, a product of lipid peroxidation, is also deleterious to the sperm, indicating that once oxidative stress starts, further damage may be caused by their products. The authors thankNutricell for the media used in the experiment andFAPESP for financial support (process #06/05736-1).

235 MANGALARGA STALLION SPERM IS HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO THE HYDROXYL RADICAL

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
J. R. C. Gurgel ◽  
M. Nichi ◽  
E. G. A. Perez ◽  
P. A. A. Góes ◽  
A. Dalmazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Computer Assisted

Mangalarga, due to its marching abilities, is the mostly widespread and numerous equine breed in Brazil. Furthermore, previous studies indicate that the semen of these horses is particularly susceptible to cryo-injuries. Therefore, the use of chilled semen is crucial when employing reproductive biotechnologies. However, previous studies indicate that chilled semen is highly impaired by the oxidative stress, which is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). An alternative to overcome the injuries caused by oxidative stress is antioxidant treatment, which requires the identification of those ROS that are the most deleterious. The aim of this study was to identify the most harmful ROS to Mangalarga sperm. Semen samples from 4 horses were collected, mixed with chilling media (Equimix®, Nutricell) and transported to the laboratory at 15°C. Samples were then incubated (1 h, 37°C) with 4 ROS inducing mechanisms: xanthine/xanthine oxidase (produces superoxide anion), hydrogen peroxide (4 mM), ascorbate and ferrous sulfate (4 mM; produces hydroxyl radical). Samples were analysed for motility using computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The 3-3′ diaminobenzidine stain was used as an index of mitochondrial activity, the eosin nigrosin stain as an index of membrane integrity, the simple stain (fast green/Bengal rose) as an index of acrosome integrity, sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) as an index of DNA fragmentation, and the measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) an index of lipid peroxidation. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS System for Windows (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA; least significant differences test and Spearman correlation; P < 0.05). Results showed that Mangalarga sperm is highly susceptible to the hydroxyl radical. Samples treated with this ROS showed a lower percentage of sperm with high mitochondrial activity then samples treated with hydrogen peroxide (24.6 ± 5.9 v. 43.7 ± 6.8%, respectively). Similarly, lipid peroxidation (TBARS) was higher in samples treated with hydroxyl radical when compared with those treated with both superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (2037.7 ± 154.8, 681.2 ± 170.1, and 789.4 ± 124.5 ng/106 sperm). In addition, for all variables analysed using CASA except for ALH and BCF, samples treated with hydroxyl radical showed decreased quality when compared with the other samples. A positive correlation was found between TBARS and mitochondrial activity, indicating that the higher the sperm susceptibility of sperm against oxidative stress, the lower the mitochondrial activity. Level of TBARS also correlated negatively with most of the variables evaluated by CASA. The present results suggest that Mangalarga sperm is highly susceptible to the hydroxyl radical, a mechanism apparently related to the mitochondrial activity. Therefore, an alternative to overcome the deleterious influence of oxidative stress in semen of Mangalarga stallions would be the treatment with hydroxyl radical scavengers such as vitamins C and E, reduced glutathione, and other nonenzymatic antioxidants. The authors acknowledge Nutricell for the media used and CAPES for financial support.

93 EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANTS SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE QUALITY OF CRYOPRESERVED SPERM OF DOGS

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
C. A. B. Sobrinho ◽  
M. Nichi ◽  
P. A. A. Góes ◽  
A. Dalmazzo ◽  
S. E. Crusco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Intact Membrane

One of the main causes of poor quality of frozen–thawed dog sperm is oxidative stress (i.e. higher production of reactive oxygen species not compensated by improved antioxidant protection). This event is known to impair sperm functionality by attacking plasma membrane, acrosome, mitochondria, and DNA. Spermatozoa are particularly susceptible the oxidative stress, mainly due to the reduced cytoplasm and the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the membrane, which allows the spermatozoa to be motile and confers a higher resistance against the damages caused by cryopreservation, but makes the sperm more susceptible to the attack of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of antioxidant supplementation on semen extender (Tris-egg yolk-citrate-glicerol) with glutathione (GSH) and vitamin E on the quality of cryopreserved dog sperm. Ejaculates of 12 dogs were divided in pools of 3 ejaculates with at least 70% of motility. Each pool was diluted with 7 different extenders for treatment groups as follows: control, vitamin E (1, 5, and 10 mM), and reduced glutathione (GSH; 1, 5, and 10 mM) and submitted to cryopreservation. Samples were thawed (37°C/30′) and evaluated for motility, vigor, percentage of sperm showing intact membrane (eosin/nigrosin), and acrosome (simple stain fast-green and bengal rose), mitochondrial activity (3–3′-diaminobenzidine-DAB), and sperm susceptibility to oxidative stress (TBARS). Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS system for Windows (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA; least significant differences test and Spearman correlation; P < 0.05). Samples treated with 1 mM of GSH showed a higher percentage of sperm with intact membrane when compared with the control (11.21 ± 2.84 and 6.21 ± 1.16%, respectively; P < 0.05). On the other hand, treatment with 5 mM of GSH showed better results regarding mitochondrial activity. Vitamin E supplementation also played a protective role on mitochondrial activity; samples treated with 1 mM showed a lower percentage of DAB III sperm (cells with severely compromised mitochondrial activity) when compared with the control group (5.61 ± 0.7 and 8.62 ± 1.05%, respectively; P < 0.05). Both vitamin E and GSH are important non-enzymatic antioxidants responsible for the destruction of the hydroxyl radical. Despite the positive influence of these antioxidants on mitochondrial status, no effect was found on the other variables studied. These results indicate that the action of both antioxidants in dog sperm would be mainly intracellular. Furthermore, other ROS could be responsible for the other damages caused by cryopreservation on the other sperm functionalities (i.e. membrane, acrosome, DNA, oxidative status). Therefore, the use of a combination of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants could be an alternative to overcome the deleterious influence of oxidative stress in cryopreserved semen of dogs. The authors thank the Brazilian army for the dogs used in this study.

320 SUSCEPTIBILITY OF GOAT SPERM TO DIFFERENT REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
R. O. C. Silva ◽  
E. G. A. Perez ◽  
R. P. Cabral ◽  
D. G. Silva ◽  
C. H. C. Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential ◽  
Acrosome Integrity

Semen quality is one of the main limiting factors for the success of artificial insemination in goats. It is well known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) lead to structural and functional damages to sperm, impairing or avoiding fecundation. The understanding of sperm oxidative mechanisms in goats may provide information on possible treatments to improve semen quality and fertility rates. The aim of the present study was to verify the resistance of goat spermatozoa to different reactive oxygen species. Sperm samples from 4 goats were collected using an artificial vagina. Sperm samples were then incubated (1 h, 37°C) with 4 ROS inducer mechanisms: xanthine/xanthine oxidase (produces superoxide anion), hydrogen peroxide (4 mM), ascorbate/ferrous sulfate (4 mM; produces hydroxyl radical), and malondialdehyde (MDA, lipid peroxidation product). Samples were analyzed for mitochondrial activity using the 3,3′ diaminobenzidine stain, for membrane integrity using the eosin/nigrosin staining, for acrosome integrity using the simple stain (fast green/Bengal rose), and for lipid peroxidation by dosing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Results showed that goat sperm is more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide, when compared to superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and MDA, when considering acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, and mitochondrial potential (Table 1). On the other hand, TBARS production was increased in samples submitted to hydroxyl radical incubation. Strong negative correlations were found between sperm samples showing impaired mitochondrial potential and both membrane and acrosome integrity (r = -0.97, P < 0.0001 and r = -0.91, P < 0.0001, respectively). The concentration of TBARS correlated negatively with the percentage of sperm showing intact membranes (r = -0.53, P = 0.06), and the later correlated negatively with sperm showing no mitochondrial activity (r = -0.78, P = 0.0006). Results of the present experiment suggest that goat sperm are extremely susceptible to the attack of hydrogen peroxide, being resistant to other ROS. Therefore, an alternative to improve the use of goat semen in reproductive biotechnologies would be the treatment with catalase or glutathione peroxidase, important hydrogen peroxide scavengers. Table 1.Effect of different ROS on goat sperm The authors thank Nutricell for the media used in this experiment.

scholarly journals Vitamin E Delivery Systems Increase Resistance to Oxidative Stress in Red Deer Sperm Cells: Hydrogel and Nanoemulsion Carriers

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1780
Author(s):  
Alejandro Jurado-Campos ◽  
Pedro Javier Soria-Meneses ◽  
Francisca Sánchez-Rubio ◽  
Enrique Niza ◽  
Iván Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
Species Production

Oxidative stress has become a major concern in the field of spermatology, and one of the possible solutions to this acute problem would be the use of antioxidant protection; however, more studies are required in this field, as highly contradictory results regarding the addition of antioxidants have been obtained. Vitamin E is a powerful biological antioxidant, but its low stability and high hydrophobicity limit its application in spermatology, making the use of organic solvents necessary, which renders spermatozoa practically motionless. Keeping this in mind, we propose the use of hydrogels (HVEs) and nanoemulsions (NVEs), alone or in combination, as carriers for the controlled release of vitamin E, thus, improving its solubility and stability and preventing oxidative stress in sperm cells. Cryopreserved sperm from six stags was thawed and extended to 30 × 106 sperm/mL in Bovine Gamete Medium (BGM). Once aliquoted, the samples were incubated as follows: control, free vitamin E (1 mM), NVEs (9 mM), HVEs (1 mM), and the combination of HVEs and NVEs (H + N), with or without induced oxidative stress (100 µM Fe2+/ascorbate). The different treatments were analyzed after 0, 2, 5, and 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. Motility (CASA®), viability (YO-PRO-1/IP), mitochondrial membrane potential (Mitotracker Deep Red 633), lipid peroxidation (C11 BODIPY 581/591), intracellular reactive oxygen species production (CM-H2DCFDA), and DNA status (SCSA®) were assessed. Our results show that the deleterious effects of exogenous oxidative stress were prevented by the vitamin E-loaded carriers proposed, while the kinematic sperm parameters (p ˂ 0.05) and sperm viability were always preserved. Moreover, the vitamin E formulations maintained and preserved mitochondrial activity, prevented sperm lipid peroxidation, and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (p ˂ 0.05) under oxidative stress conditions. Vitamin E formulations were significantly different as regards the free vitamin E samples (p < 0.001), whose sperm kinematic parameters drastically decreased. This is the first time that vitamin E has been formulated as hydrogels. This new formulation could be highly relevant for sperm physiology preservation, signifying an excellent approach against sperm oxidative damage.

scholarly journals Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) attenuates oxidative stress induction in erythrocytes of sickle cell disease patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Emmer Ferreira Furman ◽  
Railson Henneberg ◽  
Priscila Bacarin Hermann ◽  
Maria Suely Soares Leonart ◽  
Aguinaldo José do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Egb 761 ◽  
Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease promotes hemolytic anemia and occlusion of small blood vessels due to the presence of high concentrations of hemoglobin S, resulting in increased production of reactive oxygen species and decreased antioxidant defense capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective action of a standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761), selected due to its high content of flavonoids and terpenoids, in erythrocytes of patients with sickle cell anemia (HbSS, SS erythrocytes) subjected to oxidative stress using tert-butylhydroperoxide or 2,2-azobis-(amidinepropane)-dihydrochloride, in vitro. Hemolysis indexes, reduced glutathione, methemoglobin concentrations, lipid peroxidation, and intracellular reactive oxygen species were determined. SS erythrocytes displayed increased rates of oxidation of hemoglobin and membrane lipid peroxidation compared to normal erythrocytes (HbAA, AA erythrocytes), and the concentration of EGb 761 necessary to achieve the same antioxidant effect in SS erythrocytes was at least two times higher than in normal ones, inhibiting the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (IC50 of 13.6 µg/mL), partially preventing lipid peroxidation (IC50 of 242.5 µg/mL) and preventing hemolysis (IC50 of 10.5 µg/mL). Thus, EGb 761 has a beneficial effect on the oxidative status of SS erythrocytes. Moreover, EGb 761 failed to prevent oxidation of hemoglobin and reduced glutathione at the concentrations examined.

scholarly journals Piceatannol Increases Antioxidant Defense and Reduces Cell Death in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast under Oxidative Stress

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Póvoa da Costa ◽  
Bruna Puty ◽  
Lygia S. Nogueira ◽  
Geovanni Pereira Mitre ◽  
Sávio Monteiro dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Atp Production

Piceatannol is a resveratrol metabolite that is considered a potent antioxidant and cytoprotector because of its high capacity to chelate/sequester reactive oxygen species. In pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, the imbalance of reactive oxygen species is closely related to the disorder in the cells and may cause changes in cellular metabolism and mitochondrial activity, which is implicated in oxidative stress status or even in cell death. In this way, this study aimed to evaluate piceatannol as cytoprotector in culture of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts through in vitro analyses of cell viability and oxidative stress parameters after oxidative stress induced as an injury simulator. Fibroblasts were seeded and divided into the following study groups: control, vehicle, control piceatannol, H2O2 exposure, and H2O2 exposure combined with the maintenance in piceatannol ranging from 0.1 to 20 μM. The parameters analyzed following exposure were cell viability by trypan blue exclusion test, general metabolism status by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, mitochondrial activity through the ATP production, total antioxidant capacity, and reduced gluthatione. Piceatannol was shown to be cytoprotective due the maintenance of cell viability between 1 and 10 μM even in the presence of H2O2. In a concentration of 0.1 μM piceatannol decreased significantly cell viability but increased cellular metabolism and antioxidant capacity of the fibroblasts. On the other hand, the fibroblasts treated with piceatannol at 1 μM presented low metabolism and antioxidant capacity. However, piceatannol did not protect cells from mitochondrial damage as measured by ATP production. In summary, piceatannol is a potent antioxidant in low concentrations with cytoprotective capacity, but it does not prevent all damage caused by hydrogen peroxide.

scholarly journals Redox Regulation and Oxidative Stress: The Particular Case of the Stallion Spermatozoa

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando J. Peña ◽  
Cristian O’Flaherty ◽  
José M. Ortiz Rodríguez ◽  
Francisco E. Martín Cano ◽  
Gemma L. Gaitskell-Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Redox regulation and oxidative stress have become areas of major interest in spermatology. Alteration of redox homeostasis is recognized as a significant cause of male factor infertility and is behind the damage that spermatozoa experience after freezing and thawing or conservation in a liquid state. While for a long time, oxidative stress was just considered an overproduction of reactive oxygen species, nowadays it is considered as a consequence of redox deregulation. Many essential aspects of spermatozoa functionality are redox regulated, with reversible oxidation of thiols in cysteine residues of key proteins acting as an “on–off” switch controlling sperm function. However, if deregulation occurs, these residues may experience irreversible oxidation and oxidative stress, leading to malfunction and ultimately death of the spermatozoa. Stallion spermatozoa are “professional producers” of reactive oxygen species due to their intense mitochondrial activity, and thus sophisticated systems to control redox homeostasis are also characteristic of the spermatozoa in the horse. As a result, and combined with the fact that embryos can easily be collected in this species, horses are a good model for the study of redox biology in the spermatozoa and its impact on the embryo.

scholarly journals DHA reduces oxidative stress following hypoxia-ischemia in newborn piglets: a study of lipid peroxidation products in urine and plasma

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Ullestad Huun ◽  
Håvard T. Garberg ◽  
Javier Escobar ◽  
Consuelo Chafer ◽  
Maximo Vento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
Hypoxia Group ◽  
Hypoxia Ischemia ◽  
Anti Oxidant

AbstractBackground:Lipid peroxidation mediated by reactive oxygen species is a major contributor to oxidative stress. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has anti-oxidant and neuroprotective properties. Our objective was to assess how oxidative stress measured by lipid peroxidation was modified by DHA in a newborn piglet model of hypoxia-ischemia (HI).Methods:Fifty-five piglets were randomized to (i) hypoxia, (ii) DHA, (iii) hypothermia, (iv) hypothermia+DHA or (v) sham. All groups but sham were subjected to hypoxia by breathing 8% O2. DHA was administered 210 min after end of hypoxia and the piglets were euthanized 9.5 h after end of hypoxia. Urine and blood were harvested at these two time points and analyzed for F4-neuroprostanes, F2-isoprostanes, neurofuranes and isofuranes using UPLC-MS/MS.Results:F4-neuroprostanes in urine were significantly reduced (P=0.006) in groups receiving DHA. Hypoxia (median, IQR 1652 nM, 610–4557) vs. DHA (440 nM, 367–738, P=0.016) and hypothermia (median, IQR 1338 nM, 744–3085) vs. hypothermia+DHA (356 nM, 264–1180, P=0.006). The isoprostane compound 8-iso-PGF2α was significantly lower (P=0.011) in the DHA group compared to the hypoxia group. No significant differences were found between the groups in blood.Conclusion:DHA significantly reduces oxidative stress by measures of lipid peroxidation following HI in both normothermic and hypothermic piglets.

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