151 PREGNANCY RATES AFTER A NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY (FLUNIXIN MEGLUMINE) AND PROGESTERONE (P4) ADMINISTRATION TO MANGALARGA MARCHADOR RECIPIENT MARES

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
P. G. Rodrigues ◽  
A. M. Resende ◽  
J. C. Souza ◽  
R. R. Carvalho ◽  
R. Maculan
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Orthogonal Contrasts ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Day Of Embryo Transfer

The aim was to evaluate whether pregnancy rates could be improved by randomly injecting recipient mares with flunixin meglumine (FM; Banamine®, Schering-Plough, São Paulo, Brazil) on the day of embryo transfer combined or not with long-acting progesterone (P4) in commercial embryo transfer programs. One hundred sixty-five Mangalarga Marchador recipient mares from the 2006–2007 breeding season of 4 different commercial programs were used. Ages ranged from 4 to 15 years old. In 86 mares, 1.1 mg kg–1 of BW of FM was given intravenously immediately after embryo transfer, and in 79 mares, only saline was injected. Additionally, 59 mares receiving saline were injected with 1 800.0 mg of progesterone at embryo transfer and every week thereafter until 110 days of gestation. Of the 86 receiving FM, 17 received the same progesterone protocol. Embryos were transferred nonsurgically in Ham’s F-10 or Encare medium. Pregnancy was checked by ultrasonography at 15, 30, and 60 days after transfer, and only a positive diagnosis on the latter was considered pregnancy in the statistical analysis. In a 2 × 2 factorial design (2 levels of FM and P4), pregnancy rates were analysed using the GENMOD procedure considering a binomial distribution (SAS®, Cary NC), and means were compared by orthogonal contrasts. Pregnancy rates were lower (P < 0.0001) in FM-treated (50.2 ± 5.3%) compared with control (88.2 ± 5.1%) mares and in P4-treated (85.9 ± 5.0%) compared with control (52.4 ± 5.5%) mares. An interaction effect between FM and P4 was not observed (P < 0.49). For mares receiving or not receiving FM, the addition of the P4 protocol lowered pregnancy rates. In mares not treated with FM, pregnancy rates were 81.4 ± 5.1% and 95.0 ± 8.8% for P4-treated and nontreated mares, respectively (P < 0.05). In FM-treated mares that did not receive P4, pregnancy rates were 76.8 ± 4.8% compared with 23.5 ± 9.6% of those treated with P4 (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the indiscriminate use of progesterone and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may actually decrease reproductive efficiency and even act synergistically to potentiate their effect. These results must be interpreted with caution, considering that the data are derived from field observations, although sources are from very reliable and well-controlled operations. Nevertheless, the authors consider it imperative to have a proper diagnosis before generalizing the use of medical tools to improve pregnancy rates in horses. Financial support from CNPQ–Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CAPES–Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de nível Superior. Schering/Plough, JOFADEL, and ABCCMM–Associação Brasileira dos Criadores do Cavalo Mangalarga Marchador.

170 PREGNANCY RATES OF NONCYCLING RECIPIENT MARES TREATED WITH A NEW FORMULATION OF LONG-ACTING PROGESTERONE

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
M. M. B. Castro Chaves ◽  
C. G. Schutzer ◽  
M. A. Alvarenga
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Exogenous Progesterone ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
New Formulation

The mare being a seasonal polyestrous animal is a limiting factor for maintenance of embryo transfer programs during the entire year.At the beginning and end of the breeding season, the percentage of recipients showing normal estrous cycles may be low compared to donors. Exogenous progesterone has been administered to acyclic mares to allow them to be used as recipients. Noncyclic recipient mares treated once a week with long-acting progesterone (P4) have been widely used in Brazil in equine embryo transfer (ET) programs. P4LA was developed for weekly administration of 1.5 g of P4 to acyclic recipients until approximately 120 days of pregnancy. The aim of the present experiment was to evaluate the pregnancy rates of noncyclic recipients treated with a new formulation of long-acting P4 developed in our laboratory that allows a longer interval between treatments (14 days). Noncyclic mares (n = 36) were used as recipients between August and September of 2008 (transition between winter and spring in Brazil). Noncyclic mares were treated with 5 mg of estradiol benzoate during 2 consecutive days followed by the application of 10 mL (i.m.) of P4LA containing 300 mg mL-1 of P4, for a total P4 dose of 3 g. Embryos were transferred between 6 to 12 days after P4LA injection. The same dose of P4LA was repeated on the day of ET and every 14 days until 110 days after pregnancy diagnosis. One hundred fifty-five cyclic recipients were used as a control group, with embryos transferred 4 to 8 days after ovulation. No differences were observed (P > 0.05) when comparing pregnancy rates from acyclic recipients treated with P4LA (82%, 56/68) or cyclic recipients (88%; 137/155) on Day 15. The rate of embryonic loss at 50 days was similar (P > 0.05) for noncycling (11%) and cycling recipient mares (10%). The results obtained in the present study demonstrated that the new formulation of P4LA containing 300 mg mL-1 of P4 and administered every 14 days was effective in maintaining pregnancy in noncyclic recipient mares, allowing a larger treatment interval and longer window of time to transfer embryos.

206 EFFECTS OF A COMBINATION OF A PRID, PGF2α AND eCG, ON ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION AND PREGNANCY RATE FOLLOWING EMBRYO TRANSFER IN HOLSTEIN HEIFERS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Aoyagi ◽  
A. Ideta ◽  
M. Matsui ◽  
K. Hayama ◽  
M. Urakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Day Of Embryo Transfer

Successful bovine embryo transfer requires synchronization of luteolysis, estrus and ovulation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a combination of a PRID, PGF2� and eCG, on estrus synchronization and pregnancy rate in recipient heifers. A PRID� (ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was inserted into the vagina at random days of the estrous cycle for 7 (n = 35) or 9 (n = 43) days. Two days before removal of the PRID, the heifers were injected with PGF2� IM (2 mL Resipron�-C containing 0.25 mg mL-1 cloprostenol; ASKA). About half of the heifers in each group received 250 IU eCG IM (Serotropin�; ASKA) at the time of PRID removal. Blood was collected several times from the start of treatment for 7 (n = 9) or 9 (n = 9) days and on the day of embryo transfer by jugular venipuncture; plasma was immediately separated and stored at -20�C until assayed for plasma concentrations of estradiol-17α (E2) and progesterone (P4). The E2 and P4 determinations were performed by enzyme immunoassay after extraction by diethyl ether. Pregnancy was determined by ultrasonography on Day 30 (Day 0 = estrus). The rates of successful standing estrus (no. in estrus/PRID inserted), embryo transfer (no. transferred/estrus), and pregnancy (no. pregnancy/transferred) were compared between groups. Data were analyzed by chi-square analysis or Fisher&apos;s PLSD test following ANOVA. Injection of eCG at the time of PRID removal had no significant effect on the rates of successful standing estrus, embryo transfer, or pregnancy (P &gt; 0.05). The proportion of heifers treated for 9 days that exhibited standing estrus (93&percnt;, 40/43) was significantly higher than the proportion of heifers treated for 7 days that exhibited standing estrus (66&percnt;, 23/35, P &lt; 0.01). Of the heifers that were treated for 9 days, the proportion of heifers exhibiting standing estrus within 2 days after the end of treatment was significantly higher (93&percnt;, 37/40) than for heifers that were treated for 7 days (65&percnt;, 15/23; P &lt; 0.01). Pregnancy rates of heifers treated for 9 days (84&percnt;, 32/38) and 7 days (81&percnt;, 17/21) were not significantly different. The E2 : P4 ratio normally increases during follicle growth and CL regression. The plasma E2 : P4 ratio between the time of injection of PGF2&alpha; and the time of PRID removal was significantly higher for heifers that were treated for 9 days than it was for heifers that were treated for 7 days (P &lt; 0.01). These results suggest that a combination of PRID treatment for 9 days and injection of PGF2&alpha; 2 days before PRID removal successfully synchronized estrus in recipient heifers and led to high pregnancy rates following embryo transfer.

scholarly journals Opioid Use among Same-Day Surgery Patients: Prevalence, Management and Outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer LC Wilson ◽  
Patricia A Poulin ◽  
Robert Sikorski ◽  
Howard J Nathan ◽  
Monica Taljaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Day Surgery ◽  
Emergency Room Visits ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Acute Pain Management ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Expert Recommendations

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the prevalence of opioid use among patients requiring elective same-day admission (SDA) surgery is greater than the 2.5% prevalence found in the general population. Secondary objectives were to assess compliance with expert recommendations on acute pain management in opioid-tolerant patients and to examine clinical outcomes.METHODS: A retrospective review of 812 systematically sampled adult SDA surgical cases between April 1, 2008 and March 31, 2009 was conducted.RESULTS: Among 798 eligible patients, 148 (18.5% [95% CI 15.9% to 21.2%]) were prescribed opioids, with 4.4% prescribed long-acting opioids (95% CI 3.0% to 5.8%). Use of opioids was most prevalent among orthopedic and neurosurgery patients. Among the 35 patients on long-acting opioids who had a high likelihood of being tolerant, anesthesiologists correctly identified 33, but only 13 (37%) took their usual opioid preoperatively while 22 (63%) had opioids continued postoperatively. Acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and pregabalin were ordered preoperatively in 18 (51%), 15 (43%) and 18 (51%) cases, respectively, while ketamine was used in 15 (43%) patients intraoperatively. Acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and pregabalin were ordered postoperatively in 31 (89%), 15 (43%) and 17 (49%) of the cases, respectively. No differences in length of stay, readmissions and emergency room visits were found between opioid-tolerant and opioid-naïve patients.CONCLUSION: Opioid use is more common in SDA surgical patients than in the general population and is most prevalent within orthopedic and neurosurgery patients. Uptake of expert opinion on the management of acute pain in the opioid tolerant patient population is lacking.

scholarly journals Effect of the Flunixin Meglumine on Pregnancy Rates in an Equine Embryo Transfer Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Tiemi Cardoso Okada ◽  
Lorenzo Garrido Segabinazzi ◽  
André Maciel Crespilho ◽  
José Antônio Dell'Aqua ◽  
Marco Antonio Alvarenga
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Embryo Transfer Program

Effect of hCG administration in recipient mares at the day of embryo transfer aiming to increase pregnancy rates

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 103090
Author(s):  
M. Blanco ◽  
K. Koether ◽  
R. Vicioso ◽  
I. Popa ◽  
C. Mateos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Day Of Embryo Transfer

Effect of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs on subarachnoid hemorrhage in dogs

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. White ◽  
A. Ainsworth Hagen ◽  
James T. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Usual Behavior ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Better Than

✓ The effects of two long-acting anti-inflammatory agents on behavioral changes and cerebral vasospasm were evaluated in a canine model of chronic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The agent with the longest half-life, sudoxicam, clearly reduced both the incidence and the magnitude of the vasospasm, and prevented the usual behavior changes caused by the simulated SAH. The results obtained with the other agent, naproxen, suggested that it was better than the administration of saline. These agents were studied because of reports indicating that prostaglandins and thromboxane may play a role in the pathogenesis of the effects of SAH and because the nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents exert pharmacological effects by reducing an excessive synthesis of these lipids. The findings suggest that some of these agents may afford an alternative treatment for the deleterious consequences of SAH.

scholarly journals 161 PREGNANCY RATES OBTAINED AFTER EMBRYO TRANSFER AT FIXED TIME OF IN VIVO-, IVF- AND CLONED-DERIVED EMBRYOS

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
J. Lagioia ◽  
M. Panarace ◽  
M. Marfil ◽  
M. Basualdo ◽  
J. Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Group 1

The most important factor in bovine embryo transfer programs is the low efficiency in the utilization of the recipients; this low efficiency is associated with low response to synchronization protocols and failures in estrus detection. It has been shown that cows transferred at fixed time with in vivo-derived embryos resulted in high rates of recipients selected for transfer and high overall pregnancy rates (recipients pregnant/recipients treated) (Tribulo et al. 2002 Theriogenology 57, 563). An experiment was designed to evaluate the pregnancy rate in recipients transferred with in vivo (fresh and frozen), IVF, and cloned-derived embryos without estrus detection. A total of 1555 non-lactating Bos Taurus crossbred beef cows was divided into two groups. Cows from group 1 (n = 421) were synchronized with a progesterone intravaginal releasing device (1 g P4; DIB, Syntex®, Buenos Aires, Argentina) plus 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) i.m. (Syntex®) on Day 0. On Day 5, they received 400 IU of eCG (Novormon 5000, Syntex®) i.m. and 150 μg of D-Cloprostenol (PGF2α) (Bioprost-D, Biotay®, Buenos Aires, Argentina). The DIB devices were removed on Day 8 and on Day 9, 1 mg of EB was injected. Day 10 was arbitrarily considered as the day of estrus. Cows from group 2 (n = 1134) received 2 doses of PGF2α 14 days apart and were checked for heat during 5 days after the second PGF2α dose. Cows of both groups were examined 7 days after estrus by ultrasonography (Pie Medical Scanner 200®) and those with a corpus luteum >10 mm of diameter were transferred nonsurgically with in vivo (fresh and frozen), IVF, and cloned-derived embryos. In group 1, 360 cows were transferred, and in group 2, 726 cows were transferred (Table 1). Pregnancy was diagnosed 23 days later by ultrasonography (Pie Medical Scanner 200®). The pregnancy rates were compared statistically between groups 1 and 2 by analysis of variance (Infostat, LSD Fisher). There was no significant statistic difference (P > 0.05) between pregnancy rate in group 1 and 2 with in vivo (fresh), IVF, and cloned-derived embryos. However, pregnancy rate of frozen in vivo-derived embryos was lower in group 1 than in group 2 (P < 0.05). Results showed that treatment using DIB combined with EB, PGF2α, and eCG associated with embryo transfer without estrus detection (group 1) had no difference in pregnancy rate when compared with the treatment where synchronization with PGF2α and heat detection were used (group 2). Another important advantage is the use the group 1 treatment for increasing the flexibility and efficiency in the management of the recipients of in vivo, IVF, and cloned-derived embryo transfer programs. Table 1. Comparison of pregnancy rates between group 1 (embryo transfer at fixed time) and group 2 (embryo transfer 7 days after estrus detection)

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