368 CONCEPTION RATE AT FIRST ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION WITH SEXED SEMEN OR CONVENTIONAL SEMEN IN CROSSBRED DAIRY COWS

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
B. T. Gerhardt ◽  
L. D. P. Sinedino ◽  
A. P. Dourado ◽  
P. A. M. Alves ◽  
L. A. G. Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fertility Reduction ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Sexed Semen ◽  
Experimental Group

The use of sexed semen in dairy cattle almost eliminates the birth of unwanted male calves and can lead to increased milk production by means of genetic selection exerted on the females. However, AI with sexed semen still presents several obstacles to overcome. Holstein-Zebu cows are responsible for 80% of the milk produced in Brazil. These crossbred animals are used extensively throughout the country because their physiologic and morphologic characteristics are compatible with milk production in the tropics which results in an economic performance advantage. The objective of this study is to evaluate the conception rates with sexed semen, comparing it to the use of non-sorted semen in crossbred dairy cows. In addition, two insemination times had been studied to determine the best timing for AI with the sexed semen. Both studies were carried out in the Experimental Station Seropedica of Pesagro-RJ, located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The experiment was done in 2008/2009 (January to April). In the first Trial 56 Holstein-Zebu females, composed of 1/2 to 7/8 Holstein genetics, were inseminated 12 h after estrus detection with non-sorted semen (control group n = 29, 14 heifers and 15 cows) or with sexed semen (experimental group n = 27, 13 heifers and 14 cows). The semen utilized was from the same bull and thawing was performed intravaginally. In the second trial, 55 females were inseminated only with sexed semen from the same bull, with thawing in water at 35°C, at two different times: 12 h after estrus observation (control group n = 27, 12 heifers, 4 primiparous, and 11 multiparous) and 15 h after estrus observation (experimental group n = 28, 12 heifers, 5 primiparous, and 11 multiparous). The pregnancy diagnoses were done by rectal palpation and transrectal CAT scan at Day 45. Statistical analyses had been done using Chi-square. The conception rate in the first trial was of 17.2% (5/29) for sexed semen and 53.8% (14/26) for non-sorted semen (P < 0.05). In the second trial, the conception rate was of 37.0% (10/27) for insemination with sexed semen, 12 h after estrus observation and 50.0% (14/28) for the females inseminated 15 h after estrus observation (P > 0.05). It is possible that one of the causes of fertility reduction with sexed semen is that sexed-sperm remain viable for a shorter time after the insemination. Inseminations with sexed semen done 15 h after estrus detection, which can be more synchronized with the time of ovulation, and when accompanied by closely controlling the thawing process, show results similar to those obtained with conventional semen.

scholarly journals Microelement Supplementation in Dairy Cows by Mineral Lick

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Štěpán Krys ◽  
Eva Lokajová ◽  
Aleš Podhorský ◽  
Leoš Pavlata
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Mineral Lick

The aim of this experiment was to verify the option of providing microelement supplementation to dairy cows in the dry period through supplemented mineral lick, and then to compare the content of microelements in the blood, colostrum and milk. The experiment was carried out on a farm with Czech Fleckvieh dairy cows. We formed an experimental group (E), supplied with mineral lick ad libitum enhanced with organic forms of microelements (Se, Zn, Cu, Mn) for four to five weeks before parturition and 1 week after parturition. The control group (C) did not receive any mineral lick. The use of mineral lick by cows was very uneven, its total consumption oscillated between 0 to 250 g of lick per animal per day. Lick feeding did not result in evidential increase of concentrations of monitored microelements in the cows’ blood, colostrum and milk. Only a tendency to increased concentrations of Se and Cu in the blood of group E of cows was observed; the average Se concentration increased by 60 μg l-1 (Cu by 9 μmol l-1), whereas in group C, Se increased only by 30 μg l-1 (Cu by 6 μg l-1). The concentration of microelements in colostrum after parturition dropped quickly. Significant drops were determined for Se, Cu and Zn on the first (for Mn on the second) day after parturition. Selenium concentration in the first colostrum was 5 times higher than in milk, Cu concentration 3 times higher, Zn concentration 4 times higher and Mn concentration 1.3 times higher.

scholarly journals Effect of supplemental pig milk replacer on piglet weight gain and sow backfat thickness

2015 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Zsolt Győri ◽  
Péter Balogh ◽  
László Huzsvai ◽  
Gabriella Novotniné Dankó
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Liquid Milk ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Experimental Group

Sow milk production is the major factor limiting pig growth to weaning. Although the milk production of the sows incremental many environmental factors affect the actual performances. The supplemental milk replacer can be an appropriate solution to ward off disparities and try to equalize the available milk quantity to the piglets according to their appetite, to enlarge the weight of pigs at weaning, ultimately. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of liquid milk supplement on weight development and litter performance of the piglets during the suckling period. Data were collected from 60 farrowings, the weight of 649 piglets in a total were measured at birth, 14 days old and at weaning (28 days), respectively. In the control group (n=319) the piglets were suckled and got prestarter feed from day 10. In the experimental group (n= 330) the piglets had got liquid milk replacer in 10.71% solution, from day 10 after birth together with suckling and prestarter feed, as well. Based on the Duncan's multiple range tests, there were no significant differences in birth weight between the control and experimental group but we found significant differences between the 14 days weight and the weaning weight, subsequently. Based on the CV% of weight the experimental group became more homogenous, in contrary to the weight of the control group at the end of suckling period. The milk supplementation can be an appropriate solution to ward off disparities and to equalize the available milk quantity to the piglets according to their appetite, to enlarge and uniform the weight of pigs at weaning, ultimately.

scholarly journals Effect of Natural Chinese Herbal Supplements (TCMF4) on Lactation Performance and Serum Biomarkers in Peripartal Dairy Cows

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizhe Cui ◽  
Zhuorui Shan ◽  
Lintong Hou ◽  
Qiuju Wang ◽  
Juan J. Loor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
High Dose Group ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Lactation Performance

This study examined the effect of mixed medicinal herbs from China in the ground form on milk yield and various blood metabolites before and after parturition in Holstein cows. Crushed Agastache rugosus, Scutellaria barbata, Pericarpium citri reticulate, and Radix glycyrrhizae were used to develop TCMF4. Thirty-two Chinese Holstein cows were randomly divided into a control group or groups receiving 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 kg TCMF4/cow/d from −7 through 21 d relative to parturition. Blood samples for serum isolation were collected at −7, −1, 1, 7, 14, and 21 d relative to parturition and used to measure glucose, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), total protein, albumin, globulin, and alkaline phosphatase. Milk production was recorded daily for the first 21 d postpartum, and composition was analyzed at 7, 14, and 21 d. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for multiple comparisons. The average milk production during the first 21-d postpartum was 28.7 ± 6.9, 27.2 ± 7.1, 31.2 ± 6.8, and 38.5 ± 6.1 kg/d for control group and groups receiving 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 kg TCMF4. Thus, average daily milk production increased between 9 to 34% by supplementation with TCMF4 compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, in the middle dose group, milk concentrations of lactose and total protein decreased by 21 and 19%, respectively, at d 7 around parturition, while total solids increased by 23% at d 21 in the high-dose group. Furthermore, compared with the control group, serum BHBA decreased by 50 and 20% at d −1 and 21 around parturition in the high-dose group. Overall, TCMF4 supplementation improved dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production of dairy cows during the periparturient period without adverse effects on liver function, and plasma BHBA concentrations of dairy cows tended to decrease when dietary TCMF4 increased, which suggested that TCMF4 might be used as potential additives in dairy cows to improve production performance.

scholarly journals Biotechnological aspects of transformation of heavy metal salts and their detoxication in milk of milk cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Boris Dzagurov ◽  
Oleg Getokov ◽  
Vladimir Gukezhev ◽  
Taladin Kokov ◽  
Vitaly Vorokov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Experimental Group

Based on the results of previous studies on pigs and poultry, in which encouraging results of a significant decrease in the concentration of heavy metals in the body were obtained, respectively, in pork, poultry and eggs, the study provided for the use of the bentonite clay of the Zamankul deposit (RNO-Alania) as an enterosorbent in relation to heavy metals and detoxification of the organism of dairy cows. In order to study the feasibility of using bentonite as an enterosorbent, studies were performed on dairy cows of the Simmental breed in the Kaloyev farm located in st. Zmeyskaya, Kirovsky district of North Ossetia-Alania. To conduct research on the principle of analog pairs, two experimental groups of cows (control and experimental, five cows in each group) of the 3rd and 4th lactation were formed. The experiment lasted for 305 days of lactation from March 2018 to January 2019. Herewith, the control group of cows was fed with a basic diet balanced in all nutritional elements, the experimental livestock, together with the main diet, daily in the composition of the concentrates was injected with crushed bentonite with a particle diameter of 4-6 mm based on the dry matter of the feed (137 g/animal). The study of the concentration of heavy metals (cadmium, lead and zinc) in soil, feed, blood and milk was performed in two periods of lactation (on the 250th and 300th days of lactation). Herewith, an increased content of heavy metals in the soil was established, relative to the MPL: cadmium - 10.1; lead - 7.4; zinc - 9.7 times more, in drinking water: cadmium - 2.5 times; lead - 9.0 times and zinc - 9.7 times more, in feed: cadmium - from 1.7 to 5.3 times; lead - from 1.1 to 1.7; zinc - from 1.0 to 2.5 times the MPL. The inclusion of bentonite to the ration of the animals of the experimental group, in comparison with the control group, in both study periods (250 and 300 days of lactation) contributed to a significant decrease in the concentration of the studied heavy metals in the blood from 17 to 20%, in milk - from 16 to 18 %. The transformation ration values of heavy metals from feed into the body, respectively, into milk, were also lower in the animals of the experimental group, relative to the control.

scholarly journals The role of rhaponticum carthamoides in feeding of dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
V. A. Voloshin ◽  
D. A. Matolinets ◽  
N. A. Morozkov ◽  
G. P. Maysak
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Rhaponticum Carthamoides ◽  
Experimental Group

The results of studies of the use of rhaponticum carthamoides for feeding dairy cows are presented. The experiment was carried out on Holstein cows of black-and-white breed in Perm Territory. Vitaminherbal fl our from green mass of rhaponticum carthamoides at a dose of 0.4 and 1.0 kg per head per day in the period of 10-16 days before calving and in the fi rst 30 days of lactation was introduced into the feeding rations of two experimental groups of cows. High sugar content in rhaponticum carthamoides (from 4.15 to 11.2% in dry matter and metabolic energy from 10.87 to 12.12 MJ/ kg) was noted. In the studied material from this plant, the content of the 20-hydroxyecdysone was 0.49% of active ingredients in the dry matter of the product at a rate of 0.25%. The introduction of rhaponticum carthamoides in the diet of feeding animals contributed to the increase in the intensity of metabolic processes in the body. A gradual increase in cholesterol levels in all experimental groups was noted. The most signifi cant growth was observed in cows of the second experimental group by 0.82 mmol / l or 29.50% (p <0.01). Compared with the fi rst experimental group, the increase was 0.13 mmol / l or 5.2%, and the control group – 0.36 mmol / l or 14.17%. Stimulation of metabolic processes in the body of cows of the experimental groups had a positive impact on reproduction, which was manifested in the reduction of the service period duration, compared with the control group.

scholarly journals Abnormal colposcopic images in patients with preinvasive cervical lesions

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Adnan Babović ◽  
Dženita Ljuca ◽  
Gordana Bogdanović ◽  
Lejla Muminhodžić
Keyword(s):  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction: The objective of the study was to determine frequency and to compare frequency of the abnormal colposcopic images in patients with low and high grade pre-invasive lesions of cervix.Methods: Study includes 259 patients, whom colposcopic and cytological examination of cervix was done. The experimental group of patients consisted of patents with pre-invasive low grade squamousintraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and the control group consisted of patients without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).Results: In comparison to the total number of satisfactory fi ndings (N=259), pathological findings were registered in N=113 (43.6 %) and abnormal colposcopic fi ndings in N=128 (49.4%). The study did notinclude patients with unsatisfactory fi nding N=22 (8.5%). Abnormal colposcopic image is present most frequently in older patients but there are no statistically important difference between age categories(Pearson Chi-Square 0.47, df -3, p=0.923). Frequency of abnormal colposcopic fi ndings (N=128) is the biggest in pathological cytological (N=113) and HSIL 58 (45.3%), LSIL 36 (28.1%). There is statisticallysignifi cant difference in frequency of abnormal colposcopic images in patients with low-grade in comparison to patients with high-grade pre-invasive cervix lesions (Chi-Square test, Pearson Chi-Square 117.14,df-12 p<0.0001).Conclusion: Thanks to characteristic colposcopic images, abnormal epithelium is successfully recognized, but the severity grade of intraepithelial lesion cannot be determined.

scholarly journals Economic impact of polyherbal mixtures containing choline, lysine and methionine on milk production and health of dairy cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 864
Author(s):  
Nora Idolina Ortega Alvarez ◽  
Germán David Mendoza Martínez ◽  
Ricardo Barcena Gama ◽  
Pedro Abel Hernández García ◽  
Enrique Espinosa Ayala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Cost ◽  
Immune Stimulants ◽  
Economic Improvement

The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic impact of supplementing dairy cows with mixtures of polyherbal products supplying conjugates of choline (BioCholine, BC), lysine (OptiLysine, L) and methionine (OptiMethionine, M), considering the costs of veterinary treatments, the nutraceutical effects of the mixtures, the partial cost and returns of milk production. Eighty postpartum Holstein cows were randomly assigned to individually receive. The pellets no containing (Control, 20 cows) and containing polyherbal products (g/d) (BC20, 19 cows; BC40, 17 cows; BC20+L40+M20, 12 cows, and BC40+L80+M40, 12 cows) were offered to cows during the milking through automatic feeders in the course of 90 days in a commercial farm. Treatment costs were grouped in terms of antibiotics, healing, anti-inflammatories, glucogenics, hormonal, intra-mammary treatments, restorative and vitamins. Milk production was not affected (P>0.05) by polyherbal additives but there were numerical differences in the number of treatments and costs; animal health cost per cow showed a high variation coefficient (average 347%). Cows receiving BC40 and BC20+L40+M20 had reduced animal health cost per cow but only the treatment BC40 showed residual effects post experiment with an economic improvement of 2.1% over the control group, showing benefits associated to a reduction in the number of doses with antibiotics and doses of immune-stimulants. Cows receiving BC40 had the best milk yield numerically in combination with the lower number of animal health costs which resulted in the highest income.

scholarly journals Effect of Using Different Rations in Nutrition of High-Productive Cows on Milk Quantity and Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Goce Cilev ◽  
Živko Gacovski ◽  
Biljana Petrovska ◽  
Jovan Stojković
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Group I ◽  
Production Increase ◽  
High Level ◽  
Experimental Group

This paper shows the results of production and chemical compo­sition of cow’s milk on a farm MILKO-HF, Prilep, R. Macedonia with capacity of 100 cows of Holstein-Frisian breed divided into two groups (control and experimental). In control group I which was fed in a standard way of nutrition (ration used on the farm), average daily production of milk per cow ws 22.49 kg with the following chemical composition of milk: average daily content of milk fat is 3.75%, protein 3.57%, lactose 4.65%, nonfat dry matter 9.56% and total dry matter 13.31%. In experimental group II which were fed with the ration according to normatives, average daily production of milk per cow is 24.04 kg with the following chemical composition of milk: average daily content of milk fat is 3.99%, protein 3.57%, lactose 4.65%, non-fat dry matter 9.58% and total dry matter 13.57%. The obtained results show the increase in milk production for 1.55 kg-6.89% and better chemical composition of milk in the experimental group of cows. Thus, dry matter was increased from 13.31% to 13.57%-1.95%, milk fat content from 3.75% to 3.99%-6.4%, nonfat dry matter from 9.56% to 9.58%-0.21%, while the content of protein and lactose stayed on equal level. It was determined that the normed nutrition has influenced on production increase and better chemical composition of milk without unnecessary spent high level of nutrient i.e. nutrition of cows according to recommended normative.

Adhesion of Malassezia pachydermatis of different growth type to canine epithelial cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Florek ◽  
J. Król ◽  
Z. Staroniewicz ◽  
B. Bażanów
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Type ◽  
Malassezia Pachydermatis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract This study focuses on the effect of parenteral administration of Selenium (Se) and vitamin E on concentration of Se in plasma and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the blood of dairy cows during peripartal period and their effect on the reduction of clinical mastitis. From a 220 individuals Holstein herd in a two-four lactation-gestation cycle the control group (C), 1st (D1) and 2nd (D2) experimental group were selected. Every group consisted of 15 cows in the last phase of the pregnancy. All cows were fed with the diet containing 0.1 mg of Se per kg/DM. The blood samples from vena jugularis were collected approximately 21 days before calving (control sampling), 3 days, 12 days and 21 days after calving. On the day of control sampling and 12 days before calving in D1 group, cows were injected subcutaneously in the sprescapular region with preparation Selevit inj. a.u.v. at the doses of 48.4 mg/head of Se, and 550 IU/head of α-Tocoferol (α-Toc). In D2 group, cows were injected by the same preparation only on 21th day before calving with the same doses of Se and α-Toc. The increase in the concentration of Se in the plasma and activity GPx in blood in D1 group on the 3rd day and 12th day after calving were determined. Increase in plasmatic concentrations α-Toc on 3rd day after calving and reduction of occurrence of clinical mastitis (13.3%) as compared with control group were found

The efficacy of feeding a live probiotic yeast, Yea-Sacc®, on the performance of lactating dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tristant ◽  
C. A. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Target Dose ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Farm Model ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThe following trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of feeding Yea-Sacc® (YS; Alltech Inc, USA), a zootechnical feed additive based on a live probiotic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to lactating dairy cows over a 12 week period. Sixty-four primiparous and multiparous Holstein dairy cows, grouped to give similar range of parity, physiological and milk production stages, were selected for the study. Cows were equally allocated to either a control feed group or a diet supplemented with YS (32 cows per treatment). The test diet was formulated to include YS (Yea-Sacc® Farm Pak) incorporated in the total mixed ration (TMR), supplying a target dose of 5 × 107 CFU/kg feed dry matter (DM). This target dose delivered 1 × 109 CFU/cow/day, for a cow consuming 20 kg feed (DM basis) daily. Each cow was considered a replicate unit. Cows were fed a nutritionally adequate total TMR plus hay and a supplementary protein/energy concentrate (calculated according to milk yield) for 12 weeks, supplied once a day after the morning milking. Weigh backs of feed were recorded daily, with refusals being maintained at 3% of the total intake. During the 12 week study period, YS had significant beneficial effects on milk production (+0.8 kg/day; P = 0.003), energy corrected milk production (+1.4 kg/day; P < 0.0001), synthesis of milk protein (+36 g/day; P = 0.001), milk protein content (+0.3 g/kg; P = 0.009), and milk urea content (−0.09 mg/l; P = 0.004). The synthesis of milk fat was similar between treatments but milk fat content was lower for the YS group compared to the control group (−1.1 g/kg; P = 0.0002). Lactose content was always higher (+0.8 g/kg; P < 0.0001) for the YS group, indicating enhanced energy utilisation. In general, the effect of YS was higher during the first study period (one to seven weeks), when cows were in early lactation and the production potential was higher. YS cows produced significantly more milk during the study, and an additional 220 kg milk per cow was sold from this group from the output measured from the beginning of the study to two weeks post-trial. However, the statistical analysis including the post-study period did not show a significant effect. The 305-day simulated milk production was higher for the YS group (+400 kg/cow) but again the difference was not significant. In conclusion, YS at a target dose of 5 × 107 CFU/kg DM improved milk production and milk quality in healthy dairy cows. In addition, when the data were included in a whole-farm model, feeding YS reduced methane emissions by 4%, reduced the number of animals required for the desired milk production by 4% and increased overall farm margins by 1.4%.

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