227 EFFECTS OF A SINGLE DOSE OF A NONSTEROIDAL AROMATASE INHIBITOR ON OVARIAN FUNCTION IN CATTLE

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Yapura ◽  
R. J. Mapletoft ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
R. A. Pierson ◽  
G. P. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitor ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Treatment Research

Many countries have banned the use of estrogenic products in farm animals. Nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors prevent the body from producing its own estrogen. The effects on the ovary are thought to be a result of suppression of estrogen-producing follicles and a rebound in endogenous levels of FSH through the removal of the negative feedback effect of estradiol. An experiment was designed to determine the effects of a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, on ovarian function in cattle. The specific objective was to test the hypothesis that letrozole will arrest growth of the dominant follicle, resulting in emergence of a new follicular wave at a predictable interval post-treatment. Beef heifers were assigned randomly to 4 groups and given phosphate-buffered saline [control; (n = 10)] or letrozole at a dose of 500 (n = 9), 250 (n = 10), or 125 (n = 10) μgkg-1 i.v. 4 days after follicular ablation (≈ 2.5 days after wave emergence, at the time dominant follicle selection is manifest). Blood samples were collected and ovarian structures were monitored daily by transrectal ultrasonography. Analysis of variance for repeated measures, one-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and 2-sample t-test were applied to the analysis of the data. The diameter profile of the dominant follicle was larger in heifers treated with letrozole than in control heifers (P < 0.05). The intervals from treatment to new wave emergence and from treatment to onset of regression of the extant dominant follicle were longer (P < 0.05) in heifers treated with letrozole than in controls, although variances in the intervals were not different. A small but significant reduction in circulating estradiol concentration was observed, and plasma LH concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in letrozole-treated heifers than in controls. Lower plasma concentrations of FSH in letrozole-treated heifers than in controls (P < 0.03) was interpreted as an indirect effect resulting from prolonged follicular dominance. In summary, a single dose of letrozole did not induce regression of the extant dominant follicle, nor did it directly affect FSH release. Conversely, letrozole extended the lifespan of the dominant follicle, in association with increased endogenous levels of LH, thereby delaying the next FSH surge and subsequent follicular wave emergence. Results suggest that letrozole has potential as a nonsteroidal method of controlling ovarian function in cattle but further studies are needed to clarify dosage and timing of treatment. Research supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Bioniche Life Science Inc.

scholarly journals Effects of a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor on ovarian function in cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jimena Yapura ◽  
Reuben J. Mapletoft ◽  
Jaswant Singh ◽  
Roger Pierson ◽  
Jonathan Naile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatase Inhibitor ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Arrest Growth ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

Effects of the non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor letrozole on ovarian function in cattle were determined. The hypothesis that letrozole would arrest growth of the dominant follicle, resulting in emergence of a new follicular wave at a predictable post-treatment interval, was tested. Heifers were assigned randomly to four groups 4 days after follicular ablation (~2½ days after wave emergence) and given intravenous doses of 500 (n = 9), 250 (n = 10), or 125 µg kg–1 (n = 10) letrozole or phosphate-buffered saline (controls; n = 10). Blood was collected and ovarian structures were monitored daily by transrectal ultrasonography. Plasma concentrations of LH and FSH were measured by radioimmunoassay; plasma concentrations of letrozole were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. A single intravenous dose of letrozole did not induce regression of the dominant follicle present at the time of treatment, nor did it directly affect FSH release. Conversely, treatment with letrozole increased endogenous concentrations of LH and extended the lifespan of the dominant follicle, which delayed the next FSH surge and subsequent follicular wave emergence. Letrozole continues to have potential as a non-steroidal treatment for controlling ovarian function in cattle.

4 EFFECT OF A PROLONGED AROMATASE INHIBITOR TREATMENT ON PRE-OVULATORY OVARIAN FOLLICLES IN CATTLE

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Yapura ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
R. J. Mapletoft ◽  
R. Pierson ◽  
D. Rogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatase Inhibitor ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Letrozole Treatment ◽  
Intravaginal Device

Letrozole, a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, prevents the body from producing its own oestrogen. The potential use of this compound for herd synchronization is supported by previous studies in which letrozole treatment increased mean plasma LH concentrations, prolonged the period of dominance of the extant dominant follicle and delayed emergence of the next follicular wave. Heifers given a 3-day regimen of letrozole exhibited greater corpus luteum diameter indicative of a luteotrophic effect. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that letrozole treatment during the development of the preovulatory follicular wave will delay ovulation. Post-pubertal beef heifers were given 2 luteolytic doses of PGF (12 h apart) and monitored by ultrasonography for ovulation. Ovarian follicular wave emergence was synchronized by ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicular ablation 5 to 8 days after PGF-induced ovulation (Day –1 = follicular ablation, Day 0 = wave emergence) and a luteolytic dose of PGF was given 60 and 72 h later. On Day 1, heifers were divided randomly into 2 groups (n = 15/group) and given an intravaginal device containing 1 g of letrozole or a blank device (control). The intravaginal devices were removed on Day 7, or at the time of ovulation, whichever occurred first. The ovaries were monitored by ultrasonography and a blood sample was collected daily from day of ablation to 12 days post-ovulation. Single point measurements were analysed by t-tests and serial data were analysed by analysis of variance for repeated measures. Multiple contrasts were made by Tukey's test. The interval from placement of the intravaginal device to ovulation was longer in letrozole-treated animals (6.1 ± 0.25 vs 5.1 ± 0.26 days, P < 0.01). Compared with controls, the day-to-day diameter profile of the dominant follicle of the ovulatory wave was larger (P < 0.05) and the maximum diameter greater (14.6 ± 0.51 vs 12.4 ± 0.53 mm; P < 0.01) in letrozole-treated heifers. The diameter profile of the corpus luteum formed post-letrozole treatment did not differ between groups; however, plasma P4 concentrations were higher (P < 0.01) in heifers treated with letrozole. In summary, a slow-release intravaginal letrozole device delayed ovulation by 24 h and induced the formation of a corpus luteum that secreted higher levels of progesterone. A slow-release intravaginal letrozole device may become useful for the development of an aromatase inhibitor-based protocol to control ovulation for herd synchronization and to enhance fertility by increasing circulating progesterone concentrations during the first 7 days post-AI or embryo transfer in cattle. Supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Bioniche Life Sciences Inc.

176 EFFECTS OF VEHICLE AND ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION OF LETROZOLE ON OVARIAN FUNCTION IN CATTLE

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Yapura ◽  
R. J. Mapletoft ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
R. A. Pierson ◽  
D. Rogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatase Inhibitor ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Follicular Wave

Treatment with letrozole, a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, has been associated with elevated mean plasma LH concentrations, a prolonged period of dominance of the extant dominant follicle, and delayed emergence of the next follicular wave in cattle. As well, a luteotrophic effect was hypothesised by the observation that CL diameter was increased in heifers given 250 μg kg–1 of letrozole divided in a 3-day regimen. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of vehicle and route of administration of letrozole on ovarian function in sexually mature beef heifers. Ovarian function was synchronized among heifers using transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicular ablation followed by a luteolytic dose of PGF b.i.d. 4 days later. The ovaries were subsequently examined daily by transrectal ultrasonography until ovulation was detected. On Day 3 (Day 0 = ovulation), heifers were assigned randomly to 4 treatment groups and given letrozole at a dose of 1 mg kg–1 intravenously (i.v. in benzyl alcohol, n = 10) or intramuscularly (i.m. in benzyl alcohol plus canola oil 1:1 v/v, n = 10), or given a placebo (i.v. in benzyl alcohol, n = 5) or (i.m. in benzyl alcohol plus canola oil 1:1 v/v, n = 5). The ovaries were monitored daily by ultrasonography, and blood samples collected twice daily by jugular venipuncture from pre-treatment to post-treatment ovulations. Comparisons among groups were made by 1-way ANOVA for single-point measurements and by ANOVA for repeated measures for time-series data. The interovulatory interval did not differ among groups, nor did the day-to-day diameter profile of the dominant follicle of wave 1 (first follicular wave after ovulation). However, the interval between emergence of waves 1 and 2 was longer in heifers treated with letrozole i.m. (11.7 ± 0.3 days) than in controls (10 ± 0.4 and 9.5 ± 0.5 days for i.v. and i.m. controls, respectively; P < 0.05), and intermediate in heifers given letrozole i.v. (10.6 ± 0.30 days). The day-to-day diameter profile of the corpus luteum was greater (P < 0.05), and plasma progesterone concentrations tended to be greater (P < 0.06) in heifers treated i.m. with letrozole v. placebo. Plasma LH concentrations did not differ among groups, whereas plasma FSH concentrations were greater (P < 0.02) in heifers treated i.v. with letrozole v. placebo. In summary, letrozole dissolved in benzyl alcohol and given intravenously at a dose of 1 mg kg–1 on Day 3 did not alter ovarian function in cattle, but the same dose given i.m. in canola oil vehicle resulted in a longer inter-wave interval, a greater CL diameter profile, and greater plasma progesterone concentrations. We conclude that i.m. letrozole in oil is a feasible route of administration and vehicle for the development of an aromatase inhibitor-based treatment for herd synchronization in cattle. Research supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institutes for Health Research, and Bioniche Life Science Inc.

164 EFFECT OF OVULATION-INDUCING FACTOR (OIF) ON OVARIAN FUNCTION IN CATTLE

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Van Steelandt ◽  
V. M. Tanco ◽  
M. H. Ratto ◽  
G. P. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Wave Dynamics ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
As Species

Systemic administration of ovulation-inducing factor (OIF), discovered recently in seminal plasma of llamas, alpacas (induced ovulators), and cattle (spontaneous ovulators), stimulated ovulation in >90% of female llamas and alpacas. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that purified OIF from llama seminal plasma would induce ovulation in cattle. Peripubertal heifers, weighing 323 � 27 kg, were used to minimize the confounding effect of spontaneous ovulation. Heifers (n = 11/group) were treated intramuscularly with 1.0 mg/100 kg of purified OIF, 100 µg of GnRH (positive control), or 2.5 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (negative control). Ovarian dynamics were monitored daily by transrectal ultrasonography for 10 days post-treatment. Blood samples were collected at 0.5- to 1-h intervals for 8 h, beginning at the time of treatment. Ovulation occurred in 9/11 (82%) of GnRH-treated heifers and in 1/11 (9%) heifers in each of the OIF- and saline-treated groups (P < 0.05). A surge in plasma LH concentration was detected within 30 min of treatment in the GnRH group (2.2 � 0.1 ng mL–1; P < 0.05), but remained at the basal level in the OIF- and saline-treated groups (0.3 � 0.1 and 0.2 � 0.1 ng mL–1, respectively). The onset of regression of the dominant follicle present at the time of treatment was earlier (P < 0.05) in OIF- v. saline-treated heifers (3.1 � 0.6 days v. 6.0 � 0.7 days). The interval from treatment to follicular wave emergence was shorter (P < 0.05) in GnRH- and OIF-treated heifers than in those treated with saline (1.1 � 0.4 days, 1.5 � 0.3 days, and 3.1 � 0.3 days, respectively). A similar pattern was observed for emergence of the second follicular wave (5.1 � 0.7 days, 4.6 � 0.5 days, and 6.6 � 0.4 days, respectively). Purified OIF did not induce ovulation in heifers but hastened both the regression of the extant dominant follicle and follicular wave emergence. Results provide a rationale for the hypothesis that OIF from seminal plasma is involved in controlling follicular wave dynamics in spontaneously ovulating species (e.g., Bos taurus) through a suppressive effect on the dominant follicle. The mechanism of action on ovarian follicular wave dynamics, as well as species specificity, remains to be elucidated.

252 THE ROLE OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 (IGF-1) IN DEVELOPMENT OF AN ESTROGEN-ACTIVE DOMINANT FOLLICLE DURING THE FIRST FOLLICULAR WAVE POSTPARTUM IN DAIRY COWS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
C. Kawashima ◽  
N. Sudo ◽  
C. Amaya Montoya ◽  
E. Kaneko ◽  
M. Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
T Test ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
High Level

Recent studies have shown that IGF-1 is a crucial factor for ovarian follicular development in mammals. In postpartum (pp) dairy cows, plasma IGF-1 and estradiol (E2) levels in ovulatory cows at the first follicular wave pp are higher than in anovulatory cows. However, the plasma IGF-1 profile in an ovulatory or anovulatory dominant follicle (DF), which have different E2 production, at the first follicular wave pp have not yet been elucidated. Thus, we investigated the changing profile of plasma IGF-1 levels during first follicular wave pp. In 22 multiparous Holstein cows, blood samples were obtained 2 times/week from 4 weeks prepartum to 3 weeks pp, and the first follicular wave was monitored by ultrasound 2 times/week from 7 days pp to ovulatory phase. Detailed IGF-1 profiles in blood were determined during DF growth and maturation 4 times/day from 10 days pp to 7 days after the first ovulation in 5 ovulatory cows and to 20 days pp in 4 anovulatory cows; the data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA, and Student&apos;s t-test. There was no interaction between groups and time within the prepartum or the pp period. The ovulatory cows (n = 13/22) with an estrogen-active dominant (EAD: high plasma E2 level with peak) follicle showed higher IGF-1 levels than anovulatory cows (n = 9/22) with an estrogen-inactive dominant (EID: low plasma E2 level without peak) follicle during the prepartum (117 � 8 vs. 91 � 5 ng mL-1; P &lt; 0.05) and the pp (91 � 4 vs. 64 � 4 ng mL-1; P &lt; 0.001) period. Especially noteworthy, during the first follicular wave pp in ovulatory cows, the plasma IGF-1 levels were maintained at a high level until E2 levels increased, followed by an LH surge. We observed that the EAD follicle in ovulatory cows ovulated. To further examine the IGF-1 system in the intra-follicular environment, we used the EAD and EID follicles from ovaries of dairy cows obtained at a slaughterhouse. The EAD and EID follicles were classified on the basis of follicle diameter and E2 concentrations in follicular fluid (FF). The significant differences of factors between EAD and EID were analyzed by Student&apos;s t-test. The expression of IGF-1 mRNA was not detected in follicular cells in either EAD and EID, suggesting that IGF-1 in FF is mainly derived from liver. The free IGF-1 levels in FF in EAD (4.8 � 0.5 ng mL-1) were higher than those in EID (2.7 � 0.1 ng mL-1; P &lt; 0.05). In addition, the expression of type 1 IGF receptor (IGFR-1) mRNA in EAD was higher than hat in EID (P &lt; 0.0001). From the results of the present study, it is apparent that the EAD follicle during the first follicular wave pp in ovulatory cows sufficiently expressed IGFR-1, and a liver-derived IGF-1 stimulates E2 production in the follicle to ovulate. In conclusion, our data suggest that a high concentration of IGF-1, secreted from the liver, during the peripartum period may be one of important factors for the appearance of an ovulatory follicle during the first follicular wave pp cows.

scholarly journals Relationship between metabolic hormones and ovulation of dominant follicle during the first follicular wave post-partum in high-producing dairy cows

Reproduction ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiho Kawashima ◽  
Saori Fukihara ◽  
Mayumi Maeda ◽  
Etsushi Kaneko ◽  
Carlos Amaya Montoya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Igf I

Recent studies suggest that IGF-I is a crucial regulatory factor in follicular growth during earlypost-partumperiod. The aim of the present study was to determine in detail the changing profiles of metabolic and reproductive hormones in relation to ovulation of the dominant follicle (DF) of the first follicular wavepost-partumin high-producing dairy cows. Plasma concentrations of related hormones in 22 multiparous Holstein cows were measured from 4 weeks pre-partum to 3 weekspost-partum, and the development of DF was observed with colour Doppler ultrasound. Thirteen cows showed ovulation by 15.2 dayspost-partum. Anovulatory cows showed higher GH and lower IGF-I levels than those in ovulatory cows during the peri-partum period. Each DF developed similarly, and a clear blood flow in the follicle wall was observed despite ovulation or anovulation. In addition, detailed endocrine profiles were analyzed in 9 out of the 22 cows. Five cows showed an increase in plasma oestradiol-17β (E2) with follicular growth followed by E2 peak, LH surge and ovulation. In these cows, plasma IGF-I concentrations remained high until 10 dayspost-partumfollowed by a gradual decrease. Subsequently, the insulin level increased together with the E2 peak towards ovulation. These profiles were not observed in anovulatory cows. In conclusion, our data strongly support the concept that IGF-I and insulin represent ‘metabolic signals’ of the resumption of ovarian functionpost-partumin high-producing dairy cows. Moreover, we provide the first visual evidence that both ovulatory and anovulatory DFs of the first follicular wavepost-partumare similarly supplied with active blood flow.

scholarly journals Insulin increases 17β-estradiol production by the dominant follicle of the first postpartum follicle wave in dairy cows

Reproduction ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
S T Butler ◽  
S H Pelton ◽  
W R Butler
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Aromatase Activity ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Follicular Wave

Prolonged anovulation following parturition has a negative impact on fertility in dairy cows. Insulin plays an important role in ovarian function in many species, and is profoundly depressed in dairy cows during early lactation. We hypothesized that hypoinsulinemia during early lactation represents a key indicator of nutritional status, resulting in delayed ovulation. Holstein cows (n = 10) were subjected to either a hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp (INS) or saline infusion (CTL) for 96 h, beginning on day 10 after parturition during the first postpartum follicular wave. Insulin was infused continuously (0.3 μg/kg body weight per h) via a jugular catheter, and euglycemia was maintained by infusion of glucose. Circulating insulin concentrations were elevated 2.6-fold in INS cows compared with CTL cows (0.73 ± 0.026 vs 0.28 ± 0.026 ng/ml; P < 0.001). Insulin treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency, pulse amplitude or mean circulating LH. Circulating estradiol was elevated in INS cows (P < 0.01) and circulating testosterone also tended to be higher. The ratio of testosterone to estradiol was not different between treatments for the initial 30 h of infusion, but was significantly reduced thereafter in response to insulin (P < 0.01), suggesting that hyperinsulinemia increased follicular aromatase activity. Insulin treatment also resulted in reduced circulating nonesterified fatty acids, and increased circulating total and free insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations. Insulin infusion increased estradiol secretion by the dominant follicle of the first postpartum follicular wave in dairy cows, and this effect appears not to be mediated through changes in pulsatile LH release.

Efektivitas Aroma Terapi Lemon untuk Menangani Emesis Gravidarum

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-284
Author(s):  
Vitrianingsih Vitrianingsih ◽  
Sitti Khadijah
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
P Value ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Paired T Test

Studi memperkirakan emesis gravidarum terjadi pada 50-90% kehamilan. Mual muntah pada kehamilan memberikan dampak yang signifikan bagi tubuh dimana ibu menjadi lemah, pucat dan cairan tubuh berkurang sehingga darah menjadi kental (hemokonsentrasi). Keadaan ini dapat memperlambat peredaran darah dan berakibat pada kurangnya suplay oksigen serta makanan ke jaringan sehingga dapat membahayakan kesehatan ibu dan janin. Salah satu terapi yang aman dan dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi keluahan mual muntah pada ibu hamil adalah pemberian aromaterapi lemon. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas aroma terapi lemon untuk menangani emesis gravidarum. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan Quasi experiment  dengan  one group pre-post test design. Populasi penelitian adalah ibu hamil yang mengalami emesis gravidarum di Kecamatan Berbah, Sleman. Jumlah sampel 20 ibu hamil trimester pertama yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengukuran mual muntah dilakukan debelum dan setelah  pemberian aromaterapi lemon menggunakan Indeks Rhodes. Analisa data menggunakan uji Paired t-test. Hasil penelitian didapatkan rata-rata skor mual muntah sebelum pemberian aromaterapi lemon berdasarkan Indeks Rhodes pada Ibu Hamil dengan emesis gravidarum yaitu 22,1 dan terjadi penurunan skor setelah pemberian aromaterapi lemon menjadi 19,8. Ada pengaruh pemberian aromaterapi lemon dengan pengurangan mual muntah pada ibu hamil (p-value = 0.017). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan pemberian aromaterapi lemon efektif untuk mengurangi emesis gravidarum pada ibu hamil trimester pertama.  Kata kunci: aromaterapi lemon, emesis gravidarum THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON AROMATHERAPY FOR HANDLING EMESIS GRAVIDARUM   ABSTRACT Studies estimate that nausea and vomiting (emesis gravidarum) occur in 50 – 90% of pregnancies. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy have a significant impact on the body in which it makes a mother becomes weak, pale, and decreasing body fluid so that the blood becomes thick (hemoconcentration). This situation can slow down blood circulation and inflict the lack of oxygen and food supplies to the body tissues so that it can endanger the health of the mother and fetus. One of the therapies that is safe and can be conducted to reduce nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is by giving the lemon aromatherapy treatment. The research aims to determine the effectiveness of the aroma of lemon therapy to deal with emesis gravidarum. This study applied quasi-experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. The population of this study was pregnant women who experienced emesis gravidarum. Furthermore, samples were 20 mothers from Berbah, Sleman taken by using a purposive sampling technique. Nausea and vomiting were assessed between before and after giving lemon aromatherapy using the Rhodes Index. The data were analyzed using the paired t-test. The mean score of nausea and vomiting before giving lemon aromatherapy on mother with emesis gravidarum based on the Rhodes Index was 22.1. However, it decreased after given lemon aromatherapy treatment to 19.8. Therefore, there was an effect on giving lemon aromatherapy treatment toward the decrease of nausea and vomiting for pregnant women (p-value = 0.017). Lemon aromatherapy is effective to reduce emesis gravidarum.  Keywords: lemon aromatherapy, emesis gravidarum

The Impact of Shariah Governance and Corporate Governance on the Risk Management Practices: Evidence from Local and Foreign Islamic Banks in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sabri Embi ◽  
Zurina Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Shariah Governance ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Shariah governance and corporate governance (CG) on the risk management practices (RMPs) of local Islamic banks and foreign Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. The Shariah governance comprises the Shariah review (SR) and Shariah audit (SA) variables. The study also evaluates the level of RMPs, CG, SR, and SA between these two type of banks. With the aid of SPSS version 20, the items for RMPs, CG, SR, and SA were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). From the PCA, one component or factor was extracted each for the CG, SR, and RMPs while another two factors were extracted for the SA. Primary data was collected using a self-administered survey questionnaire. The questionnaire covers four aspects ; CG, SR, SA, and RMPs. The data received from the 300 usable questionnaires were subjected to correlation and regression analyses as well as an independent t-test. The result of correlation analysis shows that all the four variables have large positive correlations with each other indicating a strong and significant relationship between them. From the regression analysis undertaken, CG, SR, and SA together explained 52.3 percent of the RMPs and CG emerged as the most influential variable that impacts the RMPs. The independent t-test carried out shows that there were significant differences in the CG and SA between the local and foreign Islamic banks. However, there were no significant differences between the two types of the bank in relation to SR and RMPs. The study has contributed to the body of knowledge and is beneficial to academicians, industry players, regulators, and other stakeholders.

Influence of DAFS-25+polizon composition on blood and functional state of liver of steers at fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Inna R. Kilmetova ◽  
◽  
Igor A. Rodin ◽  
Nazira I. Khayrullina ◽  
Nikolay G. Fenchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary. The disbalanced feeding and the uneven distribution of micro- and macroelements in the environment leads to a trace element, in particular hypomelanosis. To accelerate the growth and preservation of young farm animals include in the diet of various biological additives and drugs, which include selenium. For stimulation of weight gain in the livestock industry, as well as for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes in addition to micro - and macrouse amino acids, primarily methionine. The aim of this work was to study the influence of composition of DAFS-25+Polizon on morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and functional state of the liver in fattening bulls of black-motley breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Experiments using were conducted on bull-calves of black-motley breed of the properties in the properties age from 6 to 15 months. The first experimental group during the experiment was additionally given the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received a standard diet. To assess the impact of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon on metabolism cattle studied morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and conducted histological examination of the liver. It is established that the use of the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the experimental group and reduces the amount of white blood cells. The serum content of total protein, phosphorus and calcium increases in the group of experimental animals. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed no changes in the structure of the organ and hepatocytes in the experimental group, whereas in the control group hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic changes in liver cells were observed. Thus, the use of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight in fattening bulls black-and-white breed contributes to the increase of redox processes in the body, stimulation of metabolism, prevent the development of liver disorders of cellular mechanisms of metabolism, optimizes the structure of the liver, which generally provides higher productivity.

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